Download or read book The Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV is the leading cause of premature death in Thailand. Since the first case of AIDS was reported in 1984 more than one million Thais have been infected. The social, human and economic costs of this burden are enormous. The Thai government has shown a strong commitment to providing care and support to persons living with HIV/AIDS by launching the National Access to Care Program (NAPHA) in 2003, which provides for publicly financed antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV-infected people. This book documents through interviews how ART has radically changed the lives of those living with HIV. In the words of an HIV positive 29-year old man, ART is a "miracle." The book then develops an innovative analytical framework and uses it to show how the future sustainability and cost-effectiveness of this ambitious program depend critically on Thai government choices of AIDS treatment policy, HIV prevention policy and AIDS drug pricing. For the most likely assumptions, the book estimates that ART will save years of healthy life at a cost of between $700 and $2,400 per year. Successful AIDS treatment accumulates ever-increasing numbers of patients who need subsidized ART. Despite the magnitude of the resulting fiscal burden, the authors judge this expenditure to be a worthwhile public health investment for Thailand, However, they show that the future sustainability of the program will hinge critically on how well the government manages the quality of ART service delivery, on whether it is able to sustain its past successes in HIV prevention and on its negotiations with multinational pharmaceutical manufacturers on the prices of new AIDS drugs.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Download or read book The Economics of the Global Response to HIV AIDS written by Markus Haacker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses the impact of HIV/AIDS across different countries, the global response to HIV/AIDS, and cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS-related interventions.
Download or read book Economics of AIDS and Access to HIV AIDS Care in Developing Countries written by Jean-Paul Moatti and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects studies performed mainly with the support of the Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le Sida (French French National Agency of Research against AIDS). The purpose is to analyse the conditions to improve access to drugs against AIDS in developing countries, to urge on international agencies determinedly support patients treatment. The first part deals with the market of antiretrovirals and patents : How the prices drop taked place in 1998-2002, what were the debates about Intellectual Property Rights and WTO, what happened in countries as Brazil and Thailand? The second part deals with the impact of AIDS epidemic in the developing world and the role of therapeutic strategies to lower this impact. The book backs up the argument that the impact has been undersestimated and theses strategies are feasible.
Download or read book Global Lessons from the AIDS Pandemic written by Bradly J. Condon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-22 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We began to research for this book in 2000, with the idea that we might contribute to the search for solutions to the global HIV/AIDS pandemic by c- bining perspectives from different disciplines. Much has happened in the interv- ing years. First, the severity of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa – and the threat it posed for many others regions of the world – led to a movement among several countries to correct the imbalance between producers and users of ph- maceutical products. This effort produced a clarification of the right of gove- ments to produce generic medicine under compulsory licenses and an amendment of the World Trade Organization’s TRIPS Agreement to allow exports of generic medicines from one WTO Member to another. In 2007, the amended rules were put into practice, with Canada authorizing the export of generic antiretroviral drugs to Rwanda. However, at the same time, global patent laws have been undermined due to regulatory capture, most notably in free trade agreements and through political pressure on countries like Thailand to not to exercise their right to issue compulsory licenses for pharmaceutical products. Second, the amount of money available for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS has increased dramatically, with the establishment of the World Bank Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program for Africa (MAP), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), among other funding initiatives.
Download or read book Economics Financing and Implementation of HIV Treatment as Prevention written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Achieving an AIDS Transition written by Mead Over and published by CGD Books. This book was released on 2011 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five million people in poor countries are receiving AIDS treatment, but international AIDS policy is still in crisis. Donors are giving less than they had been, even though infections continue unabated, and the number of people dependent on treatment rises each year. This book proposes a feasible medium-term objective for AIDS policy: achieving an "AIDS transition," that is, keeping AIDS deaths down by sustaining treatment while pushing new infections even lower, so that the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS begins to decline. How? Through a new, incentive-driven strategy to improve HIV prevention and a sustained effort to get the most from AIDS treatment.
Download or read book The Moral Economy of AIDS in South Africa written by Nicoli Nattrass and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This relevant and accessible work is a valuable resource for readers with an interest in AIDS policy and the social and economic implications of the pandemic.
Download or read book The Role of the Pharmacist in Patient Care written by Abdul Kader Mohiuddin and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2020 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of a high quality, cost-effective and accessible health care for patients is achieved through constructing a team-based and patient-centered health care delivery system. The expanded role of pharmacists uplifts them to patient care from dispensing and manufacturing or marketing of drugs. Along with doctors and allied health professionals, pharmacists are increasingly recognized as an integral part of the patient care team. Furthermore, colleges of pharmacy need to revise and up-date their curricula to accommodate the progressively increasing development in the pharmaceutical education and the evolving new roles of practicing pharmacists in patient care settings. This book focuses on the expanded role of the pharmacists in total patient care including prescribing, dispensing, compounding, administering and monitoring of drugs at home, hospital, community, hospice, critical care, changeover and other care settings. The sector is emerging in both developed and under-developed countries. Overburdened by patient loads and the explosion of new drugs physicians turned to pharmacists more and more for drug information especially within institutional settings. And today’s patient care pharmacists are taking more interests in medication review and reconciliation, patient education and counseling, creating drug therapy regimen and monitoring compliance. The purpose of this book is to guide the pharmacists in their daily interactions with patients and to ensure collaboration with other health professionals. The contents are mostly based on recently published articles related to patient care, with most recent ideas and activities followed by the patient care pharmacists around the globe. However, a pharmacist implements the care plan in collaboration with other health care professionals and the patient or caregiver. Along with professional guidelines, the book discusses the concepts and best practices of patient interaction, patient rights, and ethical decision-making for the professional pharmacist, apprentice and student. In every chapter, the role of pharmacists in that chapter specific issues are detailed explicitly so that a professional pharmacist or a student can figure out his or her do’s and don’ts in that specific situation. Moreover, further reading references are listed as future recommendations. So, the book is an archive of potential references too. Among so many books about patient care, either doctors’ or nurses’ roles are highlighted. The proposed book highlights the pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities to the most, separated from those of doctors and nurses, with the most recent information obtained from most publications in several journals, books, bulletins, newsletter, magazines etc.
Download or read book Setting Priorities for HIV AIDS Interventions written by Robert J. Brent and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Brent s book is a superlative addition to the HIV/AIDS policy literature. Both non-specialists and specialists in policy evaluation will benefit from the lucid exposition of cost benefit analysis (CBA) methods applied to the most critical and far-reaching problem that challenges social institutions and individual behavior. Essentially, Professor Brent has taken his vast experience in cost benefit analysis, and on the ground African research, to apply CBA in a compelling and insightful manner. This book re-examines HIV/AIDS policy in Sub-Saharan countries where the devastation is an infection tsunami. . . Finding what actually works may be difficult, but Professor Brent argues persuasively that using a CBA framework is the best approach. William S. Cartwright, George Mason University, US HIV/AIDS is much too complex a phenomenon to be understood only by reference to common sense and ethical codes. This book presents the cost benefit analysis (CBA) framework in a well-researched and accessible manner to ensure that the most important considerations are recognized and incorporated. This book argues that HIV/AIDS policies need to be evidence based and that CBA is the best way to assemble and summarize the evidence. The work explains why CBA is needed and highlights a number of myths, misinformation and counterintuitive results in the field, and critiques the Millennium Development Goals approach. It also presents HIV/AIDS as a hunger issue in sub-Saharan Africa and as a sexual transmission problem in the US. The roles of nutrition, income, education, religion, agricultural policy, concurrency and sexual networks are all examined. Robert Brent explains the main cost benefit methods and applications, including threshold analysis, willingness to pay, cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, human capital theory and the value of a statistical life. Applications cover female education, possible vaccines, condoms, and various forms of treatment. He concludes by explaining how CBA incorporates social considerations such as equity. With timely and controversial discussions, this book will be read with interest by AIDS activists, NGO members, policy-makers and public officials, as well as being accessible to non-economists interested in the subject of HIV/AIDS.
Download or read book Cost effectiveness analysis of HIV AIDS Test and treat strategy vs Current treatment guideline in Botswana written by Geffrey Li and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Medicine - Other, Johns Hopkins University, language: English, abstract: A more aggressive strategy “test and treat” is predicted to reduce AIDS-related mortality, increase the life expectancy of people living with HIV and is cost-effective. However, the cost-effectiveness studies related to “test and treat” strategy did not consider the possibility of increased drug resistance due to poor adherence, which is not rare in developing countries. There is a need for a cost-effectiveness analysis related to “test and treat” strategy in developing countries that includes drug resistance as an important parameter. This analysis is to support the government of Botswana to examine the cost-effectiveness of a HIV/AIDS “test and treat” strategy vs. current treatment guideline, which is providing treatment to patients with a CD4 count of
Download or read book Programme Budget Implications of Resolutions and Decisions Recommended for Adoption by the Economic and Social Council Contained in the Report of the Commission on Human Rights at Its 61st Session written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AIDS written by M. F. Drummond and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on papers presented at a World Health Organisation Meeting on the Economic Aspects of AIDS in Europe, held in Tewkesbury (UK) from 5-7 July 1989.
Download or read book Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine written by Marthe R. Gold and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-07-18 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine presents a consensus of experts on appropriate methods for standardizing the conduct of CEAs for use in policy arenas. Standardization is of particular importance for CEA, because it allows comparisons of the costs and health outcomes of alternative methods of improving health, such as public health programs and medical technologies. The book provides a detailed discussion of the theoretical background underlying areas of controversy, and uses theory to guide explicit recommendations for study conduct.
Download or read book The Economic Impact of AIDS Treatment written by Harsha Thirumurthy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using longitudinal survey data collected in collaboration with a treatment program, this paper estimates the economic impacts of antiretroviral treatment. The responses in two outcomes are studied: (1) labor supply of treated adult AIDS patients; and (2) labor supply of individuals in patients' households. Within six months after treatment initiation, there is a 20 percent increase in the likelihood of the patient participating in the labor force and a 35 percent increase in weekly hours worked. Young boys in treated patients' households work significantly less after treatment initiation, while girls and adult household members do not change their labor supply.
Download or read book Economics of AIDS written by Katie Bodie Cervantes and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Analysis of HIV Prevention and Treatment Portfolios written by Jessie Lue Juusola and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant problem worldwide as well as in the United States (US), despite ongoing efforts to limit HIV transmission. In the US, men who have sex with men (MSM) account for over half of new HIV infections every year, and thus are an important group to consider for HIV interventions. Both prevention and treatment options are available to combat HIV transmission, but decision makers must prioritize among the available disease control strategies. Mathematical modeling frameworks can be used to assess the value and efficiency of various disease control measures and help inform resource allocation decisions. This dissertation describes research on economic analysis of HIV prevention and treatment portfolios, primarily for MSM in the US. We develop two independent mathematical modeling frameworks, both intended to assist decision makers with minimizing HIV transmission in the most cost-effective manner. First, in Chapter 2, we present a dynamic compartmental model of the HIV epidemic that we built and instantiated for MSM in the US. This model can be used to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prevention and treatment programs for MSM. In particular, in Chapter 3 we examine testing for and treating acute HIV infection, and in Chapter 4 we examine preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. We find that symptom-based testing for acute HIV infection is cost-effective for MSM in the US, but incorporating testing for acute infection into the standard HIV screening protocol is not. For preexposure prophylaxis, we find that it is not cost-effective for the general MSM population, but it provides good value in high-risk MSM. In Chapter 5, we present a resource allocation framework for determining the optimal mix of HIV treatment and prevention programs, given a fixed budget. We develop methods of linearly estimating health benefits and costs that account for epidemic effects of reducing disease transmission. We illustrate our model with the examples of preexposure prophylaxis and community-based education compared with antiretroviral therapy for MSM in the US. We show both analytically and with the examples that HIV budgets are often best spent on the program that offers the greatest "bang for the buck."
