Download or read book The Economics of Water Quality written by Naomi Zeitouni and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together a number of prominent economic studies all of which deal with key water quality issues. The studies focus on the economic aspects of water quality including identifying the polluters' actions and incentives, designing and comparing control mechanisms, analyzing the costs and benefits of water quality programmes, and finally managing transboundary water quality. They all make recommendations for improving water quality through changing incentives, programmes and/or policies.
Download or read book The Economics of Agricultural Groundwater Quality written by Ronald A. Fleming and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-point agricultural contaminants, such as nitrogen, may lower groundwater quality and thereby impose health and environmental risks. The objective of this study is to evaluate tax policies to control agricultural pollutants in a spatially heterogeneous and dynamic setting. The focus of the study is non-point source nitrate contamination of groundwater in Treasure Valley in Malheur County, Oregon. Tax policies to control groundwater nitrates are evaluated utilizing a spatially distributed, dynamic programming model linking the economic and physical processes that determine groundwater quality. Economic and physical processes vary across space and time because of locational (spatial) differences in soil type. Representation of these variations is important when evaluating tax policies. Taxes on unit nitrogen input based on different measures of nitrates (groundwater versus soil water) and at different levels of aggregation (soil zone versus the entire region) are evaluated. The different tax schemes are compared to determine which achieves a standard for nitrate in groundwater at least cost to producers (in terms of lost profit). The tax rate is increased incrementally until predicted (ambient) groundwater nitrate levels at simulated observation well sites meet or exceed a standard for groundwater nitrates. An important implication from this study is the need to base groundwater regulatory policies on ambient groundwater quality and not an intermediate quality indicator, such as soil water quality. A regulatory policy based on soil water quality is inferior relative to a policy based on ambient groundwater quality. Additionally, a spatial tax achieves the standard for groundwater nitrates at a lower cost to producers than a uniform tax, however, the benefits received by utilizing a spatial tax are probably not sufficient to cover the added costs of such a tax. All tax policies require substantial change in agricultural practices at a large cost to producers in the study region. This would call into question the political feasibility of such policies. While tax policies were the focus of this investigation, an analysis of nitrogen input restrictions indicates that other control policies and new technologies may achieve the standard for groundwater nitrates at least cost to producers in the study area.
Download or read book Agricultural Use of Groundwater written by Cesare Dosi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater is endangered and polluted in several ways. Conservation and better management of this invisible resource should be a key ingredient of sustainable water policies. This is especially true in areas, such as many Mediterranean regions, which are already exposed to scarcity problems and which are likely to experience increasing competition between freshwater uses and users. Agriculture is an important user of groundwater not only in terms of abstractions, but also in terms of generation and release of pollutants. Agricultural policies, traditionally directed towards other objectives, are beginning to pay more attention to environmental considerations. However more effective initiatives are required to reduce the pressure upon groundwater resources and to achieve a better integration between agricultural and environmental policies. This book has been developed from three workshops held as part of the EU Concerted Action SAGA, "Sustainable Agricultural Use of Aquifers in Southern Europe: Integration between Agricultural and Water Management Policies" (FAIR5-CT97-3673). The Concerted Action and the workshops brought together researchers working in different but complementary fields, in order to get a picture of the state-of-the art about interlinkages between agriculture and groundwater, as well a critical review of alternative regulatory approaches and policy instruments aimed at improving groundwater management.
Download or read book The Economics and Management of Water and Drainage in Agriculture written by Ariel Dinar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jan van Schilfgaarde, USDA Agricultural Research Service and National Research Council Committee on Irrigation-Induced Water Quality Problems In 1982, a startling discovery was made. Many waterbirds in Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge were dying or suffering reproductive failure. Located in the San Joaquin Valley (Valley) of California, the Kesterson Reservoir (Kesterson) was used to store agricultural drainage water and it was soon determined that the probable cause of the damage to wildlife was high concen trations of selenium, derived from the water and water organisms in the reservoir. This discovery drastically changed numerous aspects of water management in California, and especially affected irrigated agriculture. In fact, the repercussions spilled over to much of the Western United States. For a century, water development for irrigation has been a religiously pursued means for economic development of the West. The primary objective of the Reclamation Act of 1902 was, purportedly, the development ofirrigation water to support family farms which, in turn, would enhance the regional economy (Worster, 1985).
Download or read book Economics of Water Resources From Regulation to Privatization written by Nicolas Spulber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to develop a general economic model which integrates the quantity and quality issues of water resource management and to provide, along with a detailed criticism of the policy instruments now in use, alternative proposals concerning the efficient allocation and distribution of water. In particular we treat water as a multi-product commodity where the market plays a major role in determining water quality-discriminant pricing and its value to the user. We examine the process of moving from administrative allocation and regulation to privatization of the water industry as the key element in promoting effective competition and in providing economic incentives for greater efficiency. Water quantity and quality, considered independently of each other, have been the subject of numerous studies during the last twenty years. Let us recall briefly the most outstanding among them. A variety of models have been constructed concerning the optimal scheduling and sequence of water-supply projects: dynamic programming for solving multi-bjective functions in water resource development; planning models for coordinating regional water-resource supply and demand, etc. Other studies have devised water-quality management models, including multi-period design of regional or municipal wastewater systems; cost-allocation methods to induce effluent dischargers to participate in regional water systems; models to predict the quality of effluent (in particular, whether it meets certain established standards); models for finding optimal waste-removal policies at each of the polluting sources, and so on.
Download or read book Agricultural and Water quality Conflicts written by Stephen R. Crutchfield and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Quality and Agriculture written by James Shortle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-12 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water pollution control has been a top environmental policy priority of the world’s most developed countries for decades, and the focus of significant regulation and public and private spending. Yet, significant water quality problems remain, and trends for some pollutants are in the wrong direction. This book addresses the economics of water pollution control and water pollution control policy in agriculture, with an aim towards providing students, environmental policy analysts, and other environmental professionals with economic concepts and tools essential to understanding the problem and crafting solutions that can be effective and efficient. The book will also examine existing policies and proposed reforms in the developed world. Although this book addresses and has a general applicability to major water pollutants from agriculture (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals, sediments, nutrients), it will focus on the sediment and nutrient pollution problem. The economic and scientific foundations for pollution management are best developed for these pollutants, and they are currently the top priorities of policy makers. Accordingly, the authors provide both highly salient and informative cases for developing concepts and methods of general applicability, with high profile examples such as the Chesapeake Bay, Lake Erie, and the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone in the US; the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe; and Lake Taupo in New Zealand.
Download or read book Economics of Water Management in Agriculture written by Thomas Bournaris and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes a set of papers from distinguished scholars who critically examine economic issues relating to the relationship between water and agriculture, with a special focus on irrigation. Employing state of the art methodologies, they address the most relevant issues in water policy. The volume offers a wide spectrum of innovative approaches and original and relevant cases with a focus on irrigated European agriculture. The topics analyzed include qualitative and quantitative issues, water markets, demand analysis, economic analysis, implementation of economic issues.
Download or read book Valuing Ground Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-07-10 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because water in the United State has not been traded in markets, there is no meaningful estimate of what it would cost if it were traded. But failing to establish ground water's valueâ€"for in situ uses such as sustaining wetlands as well as for extractive uses such as agricultureâ€"will lead to continued overuse and degradation of the nation's aquifers. In Valuing Ground Water an interdisciplinary committee integrates the latest economic, legal, and physical knowledge about ground water and methods for valuing this resource, making it comprehensible to decision-makers involved in Superfund cleanup efforts, local wellhead protection programs, water allocation, and other water-related management issues. Using the concept of total economic value, this volume provides a framework for calculating the economic value of ground water and evaluating tradeoffs between competing uses of it. Included are seven case studies where ground-water valuation has been or could be used in decisionmaking. The committee examines trends in ground-water management, factors that contribute to its value, and issues surrounding ground-water allocation and legal rights to its use. The book discusses economic valuation of natural resources and reviews several valuation methods. Presenting conclusions, recommendations, and research priorities, Valuing Ground Water will be of interest to those concerned about ground-water issues: policymakers, regulators, economists, attorneys, researchers, resource managers, and environmental advocates.
Download or read book Frontiers in Water Resource Economics written by Renan-Ulrich Goetz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the books published previously in the field of water resource eco nomics focus on particular aspects of water economics such as institutions, pricing or water markets, but none of them have given particular attention to methodological questions. However, the applied methodology within economic research has made some remarkable advances over the last 10-20 years. Some of these advances are of particular interest to the field of water economics. Therefore, we think that a book that focusing on methodological advances within the field of water resource economics and showing how these advances can be applied in economic analysis of water issues makes a nice complement to the existing literature in this field. We identified five areas where we consider the methodological advances to be of particular importance: 1) asymmetric information and game theory, 2) un certainty, 3) space, 4) water quality and 5) production and technology adoption. The selected papers for the book fall entirely within these categories. The book ''Frontiers in Water Resource Economics" draws to a great extent on papers which were presented at the 7^^ Conference of the International Water and Re source Economics Consortium, June 3-5,2001 held in Girona, Catalonia, Spain, This conference was jointly organized with the 4^^ Conference of Environmen tal and Resource Economics by the Department of Economics, University of Girona.
Download or read book The Economics of Water Demands written by Steven Renzetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arose out of a paper that I wrote for the World Bank at the request of Ariel Dinar, the editor for the series in which this volume appears. I began that paper by pointing to the growing importance of demand-side considerations in water resources: "The provision of potable water is one of government's oldest functions with evidence of this activity stretching back thousands of years. During much of that time, water demands were taken as exogenously given and the principle task of authorities was defined as an engineering one: how to supply a given quantity of water at least cost. In recent years, however, concerns have arisen from observations of excessive water use, degraded water quality and continued inadequate service for many, especially the very poor. As a result of these and other concerns, there is a growing effort to view water resource allocation from a perspective that incorporates consumers' preferences along with supply constraints into management plans. " (Renzetti, 2000, p. 123). The purpose of this volume is to examine, in greater detail than was possible in that article, what is known regarding the economic characteristics of the demand for water. Thus, this book is meant to be an extended critical review of the state of the art.
Download or read book An Economic Analysis of Agricultural Practices Related to Water Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Issues in the Economics of Water Resource Management written by P. Pashardes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The marginal price elasticities estimated by Martinez-Espineira conforms to expectation. The price specification that accounts for the changing proportion of water users in each block yields a higher elasticity (-0. 47) compared to the spec ification ignoring this feature of the data. However, this difference is not found to be statistically significant, a result attributed to the low power of the test (small sample size limiting the accuracy of estimates). In conclusion, the paper provides a theoretically correct price specification for demand functions under block pricing and aggregate data. The empirical findings in the paper, however, are not conclusive and further empirical work using more data and alternative (nonlinear) demand functions, is needed to show the practical implications of the arguments put forward by the Martinez-Espineira's paper. Static empirical consumer demand functions estimated with aggregate data are well known to suffer form serial correlation and other statistical problems asso ciated with misspecified dynamics. These dynamics arise because consumers do not react immediately to a change in prices due to their largely predetermined lifestyle. In the case of demand for water, for example, current purchases can be largely predetermined due to commitments arising from past purchases such as swimming pools, bathtubs, dishwashing machines, etc. Muellbauer and Pashardes (1992) show that the autoregressive nature of consumer demand data can be cap tured in a theoretically consistent manner by incorporating intertemporal aspects of consumer behaviour in the model through habit formation and durability.
Download or read book Irrigated Agriculture and Groundwater Quality written by Bonnie Colby Saliba and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 2474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Resource Economics and Policy written by W. D. Shaw and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-02-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition includes updated information and an exploration of water issues outside the United States, as well as a new application of behaviorial and experimental economics to the topic. A concise introduction to issues of water quality and quantity in both urban and agricultural settings, Water Resource Economics and Policy will be a valuable resource or text for students and researchers in the fields of agricultural economics, geography, law and hydrology. Those involved in water resource agencies and private utilities will also find the book a useful reference.
Download or read book Economic Valuation of Water Resources in Agriculture written by R. Kerry Turner and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to produce a review on water resource valuation issues and techniques specifically for the appraisal and negotiation of raw (as opposed to bulk or retail) water resource allocation for agricultural development projects. The review considers raw water in naturally occurring watercourses, lakes, wetlands, soil and aquifers, taking an ecosystem function perspective at a catchment scale, and takes account of the demands from irrigated and rainfed agriculture. It is hoped that the review will have particular application to developing countries where agreed methods for reconciling competing uses are often absent, but nevertheless takes account of valuation approaches that have been made in post industrial economies.
Download or read book Water Quality and Agriculture written by Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on Water Quality and Agriculture examines the linkages between agriculture and water quality. It discusses the overall trends and outlook for agriculture and water quality in OECD countries; describes recent actions by policy makers to address water quality issues in agriculture; and provides a set of recommendations for countries to meet the challenge of improving agricultural water quality.
