Download or read book The Earth s Mantle written by Ian Jackson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-06-19 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritative review of composition, structure and evolution of the mantle for researchers and graduate students.
Download or read book Viscosity of the Earth s Mantle written by Lawrence M. Cathles and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 12,000 years ago, at the end of the last ice age, the three kilometers of ice that covered Canada, the large European glaciers in Fennoscandia and Siberia, and many other minor glaciers melted quickly. The resulting meltwaters increased the depth of the world's oceans by about 110 meters. The earth's response to this redistribution of loads was one of fluid flow. By studying the way in which that flow occurred, much can be learned about the viscosity structure of the earth's mantle: that is, how the fluid properties of the earth vary with depth. In this volume Lawrence M. Cathles III sets out to lay the theoretical foundations necessary to model the isostatic (fluid) adjustment of a self-gravitating viscoelastic sphere, such as the earth, and to use these foundations, together with geological evidence of the way the earth responded to the pleistocene land redistributions, to study the viscosity of the mantle. The author argues that the viscosity of the entire mantle is very close to 1022 poise, except for a low-viscosity channel, about 75 kilometers thick, in the uppermost mantle. This conclusion differs sharply from the common view that the earth's mantle becomes very viscous (1027 poise) below a depth of about 1000 kilometers. Originally published in 1975. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book The Earth s Heterogeneous Mantle written by Amir Khan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights and discusses recent developments that have contributed to an improved understanding of observed mantle heterogeneities and their relation to the thermo-chemical state of Earth's mantle, which ultimately holds the key to unlocking the secrets of the evolution of our planet. This series of topical reviews and original contributions address 4 themes. Theme 1 covers topics in geophysics, including global and regional seismic tomography, electrical conductivity and seismic imaging of mantle discontinuities and heterogeneities in the upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. Theme 2 addresses geochemical views of the mantle including lithospheric evolution from analysis of mantle xenoliths, composition of the deep Earth and the effect of water on subduction-zone processes. Theme 3 discusses geodynamical perspectives on the global thermo-chemical structure of the deep mantle. Theme 4 covers application of mineral physics data and phase equilibrium computations to infer the regional-scale thermo-chemical structure of the mantle.
Download or read book The Earth s Lower Mantle written by Felix V. Kaminsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first overview of the composition and structure of the Earth’s lower mantle. The first part focuses on the study of lower-mantle minerals, identified as inclusions in diamonds from different regions of the world. Three associations are established among the lower-mantle minerals: ultramafic, mafic, and carbonatic. The carbonatic association is of particular interest because it characterizes the media of natural diamond formation. In turn, the second part analyzes the structure of the lower mantle, revealing its heterogeneous composition. It is based on the results of experiments demonstrating phase transitions in lower-mantle minerals, and on seismological data. Deep-seated earthquakes point to the presence within the lower mantle of numerous seismic boundaries caused by mineral structure transitions. In closing, the last part of the book compares observed data with experimental data, highlighting several discrepancies that indicate Earth may have a more complex planetary history than previously assumed, and examining its primarily non-chondritic composition.
Download or read book The Earth s Crust and Upper Mantle written by Pembroke J. Hart and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1969 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions written by Hauke Marquardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Download or read book Composition and Petrology of the Earth s Mantle written by A. E. Ringwood and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1975 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Mantle of the Earth written by Veronica della Dora and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term mantle has inspired philosophers, geographers, and theologians and shaped artists’ and mapmakers’ visual vocabularies for thousands of years. According to Veronica della Dora, mantle is the “metaphor par excellence, for it unfolds between the seen and the unseen as a threshold and as a point of tension.” Featuring numerous illustrations, The Mantle of the Earth: Genealogies of a Geographical Metaphor is an intellectual history of the term mantle and its metaphorical representation in art and literature, geography and cartography. Through the history of this metaphor from antiquity to the modern day, we learn about shifting perceptions and representations of global space, about our planetary condition, and about the nature of geography itself.
Download or read book Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets written by Gerald Schubert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of all aspects of mantle convection, for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book The Mystery of the Earth s Mantle written by A. Malakhov and published by The Minerva Group, Inc.. This book was released on 2001-09 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boiling liquid magma or super hard matter? Inconceivably high temperatures or cold neighboring on absolute zero? What are the depths of the Earth like? What mysteries does its mantle conceal? Science cannot as yet give the exact answers to these questions, though myriads of different hypotheses have been put forth.This is a fascinating book about the romance of prospecting, about the pertinacious investigations of geologists studying the inside of our planet. The author, Professor Anatoly Malakhov, D.Sc. (Geology and Mineralogy) was well known to the Soviet reading public for his previous popular-science books A Hundred Professions of a Geologist and Stories about Stones.
Download or read book The Upper Mantle written by A. R. Ritsema and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in Geotectonics, 4: The Upper Mantle focuses on the upper mantle and its influence on the development of the earth's crust, including history of the moon and other planets and volcanology. The selection first offers information on the origin of the earth, including ideas on the formation process of the terrestrial planets, condensation of dust particles, nature of the earth's core, thermal history of the earth, and fractionation of iron in the terrestrial planets. The text then ponders on the beginning of continental evolution, as well as the oldest rocks of the earth's crust, thermal history of the moon, and early history of the other planets. The text elaborates on magmatic activity as the major process in the chemical evolution of the earth's crust and mantle; trends in the evolution of continents; progress and problems in volcanology; and pressure and temperature conditions and tectonic significance of regional and ocean-floor metamorphism. The manuscript also takes a look at the state of mantle minerals, melting temperatures in the earth's mantle, and geomagnetic induction studies and the electrical state of the upper mantle. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of the upper mantle.
Download or read book Earth s Core and Mantle written by Gregory Vogt and published by Twenty-First Century Books. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes how the Earth was formed, explains how scientists study the Earth's interior, and discusses how the makeup and movement of the mantle and core affect the surface.
Download or read book Layers of the Earth written by Krista West and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how scientists study the inner workings of the earth using such tools as global positioning, seismology, and computer modeling.
Download or read book Archaean Geochemistry written by A. Kröner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaean Geochemistry 1972 - 1984 The realisation that the continental crust contains well-preserved relics which date as far back as 4/5 of the Earth's age has given a great impetus to the study of early Precambrian terrains. As late as the mid-sixties the Archaean still constituted the 'terra-in cognita' of earth science. High metamorphic grades, poor out crop, and not least a widely assumed obliteration of early crustal records by convective recycling and thermal reworking had com bined to discourage research in this field. Many excellent local studies existed, notably around gold mining centres, but remained unrelated to a broader regional and theoretical understanding. This situation has changed as the consequence of two inter-related factors: (1) advances in isotopic methods and their application to Precambrian rocks, and (2) the recognition that some of the oldest terrains have retained a wealth of primary igneous and sedi mentary textures and even geochemical characteristics.
Download or read book Mantle Convection for Geologists written by Geoffrey F. Davies and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-03 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mantle convection is the fundamental agent driving many of the geological features observed at the Earth's surface, including plate tectonics and plume volcanism. Yet many Earth scientists have an incomplete understanding of the process. This book describes the physics and fluid dynamics of mantle convection, explaining what it is, how it works, and how to quantify it in simple terms. It assumes no specialist background: mechanisms are explained simply and the required basic physics is fully reviewed and explained with minimal mathematics. The distinctive forms that convection takes in the Earth's mantle are described within the context of tectonic plates and mantle plumes, and implications are explored for geochemistry and tectonic evolution. Common misconceptions and controversies are addressed - providing a straightforward but rigorous explanation of this key process for students and researchers across a variety of geoscience disciplines.
Download or read book Physical Geology written by Steven Earle and published by . This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a discount Black and white version. Some images may be unclear, please see BCCampus website for the digital version.This book was born out of a 2014 meeting of earth science educators representing most of the universities and colleges in British Columbia, and nurtured by a widely shared frustration that many students are not thriving in courses because textbooks have become too expensive for them to buy. But the real inspiration comes from a fascination for the spectacular geology of western Canada and the many decades that the author spent exploring this region along with colleagues, students, family, and friends. My goal has been to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to the important topics of geology, richly illustrated with examples from western Canada. Although this text is intended to complement a typical first-year course in physical geology, its contents could be applied to numerous other related courses.
Download or read book Deformation enhanced Fluid Transport in the Earth s Crust and Mantle written by M.B. Holness and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-10-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 30% discount for members of The Mineralogical Society of Britain and Ireland The movement of fluids through rocks has profound consequences for the transport of heat and matter within the Earth. Recently, considerable effort has been expended in determining the mechanisms and pathways of geological fluid flow, with much of this research concentrated on the effects of deformation on rock permeability. Although it is well known that fractures can act as conduits for fluid transport (as evidenced by abundant mineral-fined veins and sheet-like igneous intrusions), the role of ductile deformation has now been recognised as an important factor controlling rock permeability in environments as diverse as the mantle, the deep crust, and shallow crustal shear zones. This book brings together review and research articles united by the theme of deformation-enhanced fluid transport, with the aim of emphasizing the many common roots of this important body of work. Subjects covered include the movement of basaltic melts in the mantle; the segregation, ascent and emplacement of granitic melts in the crust; the flow through the crust of volatile fluids produced during metamorphic events; and the movement of aqueous fluids through fractured rocks near the Earth's surface. Deformation-Enhanced Fluid Transport in the Earth's Crust and Mantle will appeal to all geoscientists interested in the movement of fluids through the Earth. It will prove an invaluable reference work for those working in the field and will provide i useful introduction to this wide-ranging and rapidly evolving area of research for non-specialists.
