Download or read book The Dynamics of Head and Cervical Spine Impact written by Roger William Nightingale and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Frontiers in Head and Neck Trauma written by Narayan Yoganandan and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to the trend toward sustainable living, "Recipes and Tips for Sustainable Living" helps you make delicious food using natural ingredients. Inside this lushly illustrated volume, you'll find: Tips and techniques to grow and harvest natural, organic foods in and around your home. More than 80 mouth-watering recipes for cooking those ingredients. Tips on preservation and storage of your harvest. Health benefits of natural, organic ingredients. Chapters cover: Gardening - Heirloom gardening, container gardening, herbs and preserving. Beyond the Garden - Foraging, beekeeping, poultry and eggs. Wood and Water - Venison, wild turkey, duck, quail, small game, seafood and fish.

Download or read book Dynamic Response of the Head and Cervical Spine to Near vertex Head Impact written by Daniel Luis Astilla Camacho and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Dynamic Model of the Cervical Spine and Head Final Technical Report written by J. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact Injury of the Head and Spine written by Channing L. Ewing and published by Charles C. Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 1983 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomechanical Engineering Analyses of Head and Spine Impact Injury Risk Via Experimentation and Computational Simulation written by Adam Jesse Bartsch and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Head and spine injuries, such as traumatic brain injury, skull fracture, concussion and osteoligamentous cervical spine injury continue to be prevalent in motor vehicle crashes, athletics and the military. Automotive safety systems, athletic safety equipment and military personal protective paraphernalia designs have generally focused on protection discretely designed on a component basis head or spine but not a systems basis, considering the head-spine linkage simultaneously. But since the cervical spine acts as the attachment point for the head, the boundary conditions applied to the cervical spine influence the behavior of the head. Hence, in analyzing injury risk for the head and the spine, each structure composes one portion of an intrinsically linked osteoligamentous system; thus injury risk for the head and the cervical spine might be more appropriately considered concurrently as opposed to individually. Historically, component-based injury protection designs have utilized head and cervical spine injury risk criteria developed from human, animal and anthropomorphic surrogate studies. While a plethora of these prior studies separately analyzed head injury risk via linear acceleration, Head Injury Criterion (HIC) or Gadd Severity Index (GSI), or cervical spine injury risk via axial/shear forces, bending moments or the Neck Injury Criterion (Nij), relatively few of these studies employed a systems-based approach to understand coupled head-cervical spine injury risk behavior. Thus, designing for optimal head and cervical spine injury protection may not be as trivial as separate consideration of head or spine component injury thresholds. Therefore, through a series of six biomechanical engineering studies that comprised the chapters of this dissertation, the work presented here broadly investigated head and cervical spine injury protection on a systems-based approach considering head and cervical spine injury risk simultaneously. In Chapter 1, injury risk in inertial loading during real-world low energy minor rear car crashes was analyzed. In Chapter 2, these minor crashes from Chapter 1 were further investigated via use of numerical simulation in MADYMO. While Chapters 1 and 2 explored low energy car crash loading, Chapter 3 explored multivariate head and cervical spine injury implications from direct head loading during frontal airbag inflation in high energy experimental car crashes. Chapter 4 expanded the direct frontal head impact loading analyzed in Chapter 3 to include oblique and lateral impact loading during impact experiments with a Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device. The low- and high-energy injury analysis methods developed in Chapters 1 through 4 helped drive the study of multivariate injury risk in response to experimental omnidirectional athletic head impacts in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 further built on the high-energy athletic impacts from Chapter 5 via Matlab and Simulink simulation of helmeted impacts using a systems dynamics approach. Finally, Chapter 7 analyzed development of an impact pendulum, pilot cadaveric injury response to direct head impact and analysis of similar impacts in a helmeted human surrogate. The results of all of these related studies indicated that head and cervical spine injury risk were interrelated during direct or inertial car crash and athletic impacts.

Download or read book A Dynamic Model of the Cervical Spine and Head written by J. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A data base of the head and cervical spine structure for a three- dimensional mathematical model of the human head-spine system has been developed on the basis of recently obtained geometric and stiffness data. The model was developed for predicting detailed head-spine system responses and injury probabilities during, for example, retraction/ejection and ground impact. This model of the head and cervical spine structure treats the cervical spine and head as a collection of rigid bodies and deformable elements; the rigid bodies represent the vertebral bodies and head and the deformable elements represent the intervertebral discs, ligaments, facet joints and muscles. The model is completely three dimensional and can treat nonlinearities due to large displacements and material properties. The geometric data consist of the initial configuration of the vertebrae and the points of attachments of the muscles, discs and ligaments to the vertebrae. Particular attention was devoted to reproducing the orientations of the articular facets. Stiffness data for the intervertebral discs, ligaments and facet joints were developed. A muscle model which includes reflex and voluntary activation was included for the major muscles. Inertial data was developed by estimating the height and cross- sectional area of the sections of the neck associated with each motion segment and multiplying by a uniform density.

Download or read book Accidental Injury written by Alan M. Nahum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing on accidental injury often seems to occur from one of two perspec tives. One perspective is that of those involved in aspects of injury diagnosis and treatment and the other is that of those in the engineering and biologic sciences who discuss mechanical principles and simulations. From our point of view, significant information problems exist at the inter face: Persons in the business of diagnosis and treatment do not know how to access, use, and evaluate theoretical information that does not have obvious practical applications; persons on the theoretical side do not have enough real life field data with which to identify problems or to evaluate solutions. The ideal system provides a constant two-way flow of data that permits continuous problem identification and course correction. This book attempts to provide a state-of-the-art look at the applied bio mechanics of accidental-injury causation and prevention. The authors are recognized authorities in their specialized fields. It is hoped that this book will stimulate more applied research in the field of accidental-injury causation and prevention. Alan M. Nahum John W. Melvin vii Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . vii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1 The Application of Biomechanics to the Understanding of Injury and Healing .................................. 1 Y. C. Fung Chapter 2 Instrumentation in Experimental Design . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 12 . . Warren N. Hardy Chapter 3 The Use of Public Crash Data in Biomechanical Research 49 Charles P. Compton Chapter 4 Anthropomorphic Test Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 66 . . . . . Harold J. Mertz Chapter 5 Radiologic Analysis of Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 85 . . . . .

Download or read book Mechanical Response of an Advanced Head neck System to Transient Loading written by John Mark Winters and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Moments on the Cervical Spine Imposed by Head mounted Equipment written by Alexander M. Aurand and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Head-mounted equipment has been suggested as a risk factor for cervical spine disorders (CSDs), but the dynamic effects of wearing head-mounted equipment under non-impulse conditions have not yet been modelled biomechanically. The goal of this research was to evaluate the relative risk of CSDs associated with some common head-mounted equipment configurations worn by pararescue jumpers (PJs). Twenty-four male subjects completed six different head-motion tasks while wearing each of six different equipment configurations. Optical motion capture (MOCAP) was used to quantify the motion and drive a biomechanical model, from which exposed moments could be derived. The addition of head-mounted equipment always led to an increase in resultant moment over wearing no equipment, up to 106%. The minimal equipment accounted for (56-95%) of the total increase in load, with NVG (and associated batteries, if any) accounting for the remainder. When subjects were required to look through the NVG, sagittal flexion on certain tasks increased by up to 14 degrees. There is evidence that the risk of CSDs is increased as a result of wearing head-mounted equipment, and that these risks could potentially be reduced by modifying the head-mounted equipment. The results of this study can inform the development of head-mounted equipment. A multitude of other tasks could be evaluated with respect to risk of CSDs using this technique.

Download or read book MECHANISMS TOLERANCES AND RESPONSES OBTAINED UNDER DYNAMIC SUERIOR INFERIOR HEAD IMPACT written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of a Cervical Spine Model for Rear Impact Conditions written by Michael J. Keller and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The cost of automobile accidents is high to both individuals and society. In 2006, approximately 43,000 people were killed in car accidents and 2,575,000 more were injured. Rear impact collisions alone accounted for 740,000 neck injuries, most associated with whiplash, carrying a total cost of $8 billion. Whiplash remains a challenging problem because injury mechanisms are poorly understood; however, studying detailed intervertebral kinematics can provide valuable insight into possible mechanisms. Currently, The Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Research Laboratory is involved in research studies to examine detailed intervertebral kinematics by testing post mortem human subjects (PMHS) in varying speed rear impact collisions. However, experimental tests with PMHS are limited because they are very expensive, subjects are hard to obtain, and too few tests are run for statistical significance. The development of an accurate cervical spine model would help to overcome these limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a constrained, 2-D flexion-extension model of the cervical spine and head that is appropriate for use in low to moderate speed rear impact collisions. To achieve this goal, ADAMS, a simulation tool for multibody dynamics, was used to develop the model. Geometry for the model was obtained from an actual cervical spine specimen using 3-D reconstruction techniques. The solid body geometry was constrained by applying ligaments, approximated as linear spring/damper elements, and non-linear intervertebral discs. The model was simulated by directly applying T1 kinematics from experimental testing directly to T1 of the model. Validation was performed by comparing head kinematics from the model and experimental response. In the low speed simulation, acceleration validation results matched well except for a ~10 ms lead in the model response and accurately predicted head displacements. In the moderate speed simulation, error and lead time increased significantly, resulting in less accurate head displacements.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Cervical Spine Injury During Impact to the Protected Head written by Voigt R. Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Static and impact loading of the heads of embalmed cadavers wearing protective helmets have been conducted for the purpose of understanding the mechanics of fracture-dislocation injury to the cervical spine. Some of the cadavers were cut down on one side of the neck for high-speed photographic observation of the spine during impact. Others were instrumented with strain gages on the bodies and near the facets to assist in correlating spine movements and load configuration with strain distribution. Results indicate that static loading can be a useful predictor of failure site under dynamic conditions. Those conditions which were found to be most influential on injury site and level of strain were: (1) The extent to which the head was gripped by the impact surface to allow or restrict motion at the atlanto-occipital injunction; (2) Impact location; and, (3) Impact force alignment with the spine. It was found that very little could be done with energy-absorbing material in the crown to reduce spine strain due to a crown impact. Also, the rear rim was not a 'guillotine' threat to fracture-dislocation from blows which cause hypertension, and the higher cut rear rim recommended to reduce of eliminate this alleged hazard caused higher strain by virtue of allowing greater extension of the neck. (Author).

Download or read book Head spine Structure Modeling written by Ted Belytschko and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SAM (for Structural Analysis of Man) is a three-dimensional discrete element mathematical model developed for the prediction of the dynamic response of the head-spine-torso structure to severe impact environments. The model mathematically describes the equations of motion for a system of rigid bodies representing, for example, the head, torso segments and the pelvis, interconnected by deformable elements representing, for example, the intervertebral discs, ligaments and other connective tissues. SAM consists of two distinct components; a general purpose, large displacement, dynamic structural analysis program and a data base containing a number of data sets each which contains material, geometric and inertial property, connectivity and loading environment data. This report describes: the development of a model of the diaphragm which, when incorporated into the HSM, will significantly enhance its ability to replicate the effects of the secondary +Gz loading path through the viscera-abdominal wall/diaphragm/rib-cage system; a discussion of spinal injuries associated with pilot ejection and proposed injury criteria for the cervical spine; an axisymmetric finite element analysis of a lumbar vertebral body with comparisons to other models and specific attention to the question of material distribution effects on stresses; and frontal ( -Gx) and lateral (+Gy) impact simulations using the recently developed Head-Cervical Spine Model and comparisons of simulation results with experimental data.

Download or read book Experimental Production of Head Neck Injuries Under Dynamic Forces written by JF. Cusick and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compression related mechanisms of injury are common in sports and recreational trauma to the human cervical spine. The purpose of these studies was to experimentally reproduce common clinically seen injuries of the head-neck complex. A total of 19 preparations (8 quasistatic, 11 dynamic) were used to obtain strength and motion information correlated to pathology. The quasistatic studies served to develope a method to kinematically monitor the localized deformations in the tissue as injury occurs. It was observed that significant relaxation of the tissues occur post-traumatically and the kinematic analysis quantified the true extent of the deformations to the cervical spine components. Under dynamic loading, mid to lower cervical spine compression-related trauma occurred. To reproduce these kinds of injuries, the pre-existing lordosis was removed and the head-neck complex was dynamically impacted. Parallel studies on the Hybrid III anthropomorphic manikin head-neck indicated a substantially different response in compression compared to the human cadaver specimens.

Download or read book Numerical Modelling of the Human Cervical Spine in Frontal Impact written by Matthew Panzer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diseases of the Brain Head and Neck Spine 2020 2023 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers an essential overview of brain, head and neck, and spine imaging. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by both clinical and technological developments. Written by leading international experts and teachers, the chapters are disease-oriented and cover all relevant imaging modalities, with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The book also includes a synopsis of pediatric imaging. IDKD books are rewritten (not merely updated) every four years, which means they offer a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in imaging. The book is clearly structured and features learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers navigate the text. It will particularly appeal to general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic expertise, as well as clinicians from other specialties who are interested in imaging for their patient care.