Download or read book The Downstream Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones written by Heather M. Archambault and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Atlantic Tropical Cyclones written by Allison Lynn Brannan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous case studies have noted a significant extratropical flow response to recurving Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs), which is often linked to extreme weather events downstream. This study examines the modification of Rossby waves on the extratropical jet in response to recurving Atlantic TCs from both climatological and predictability perspectives. Changes in amplitude and location of Rossby waves are identified using a wavelet decomposition technique on isentropic potential vorticity. The climatology demonstrates that recurving Atlantic TC events are capable of modifying the amplitude of the extratropical flow. The nature of the extratropical flow response is most strongly tied to the average translation speed of the TC relative to the Rossby wave over the 72 hours following recurvature. The ability of Atlantic recurving TCs to significantly modify the amplitude of downstream Rossby waves motivates the investigation into whether the predictability of the extratropical flow is also affected by the TC and its Rossby wave relative speed. Predictability is evaluated as the standard deviation of isentropic potential vorticity among a 50-member ensemble and is compared to climatology. This study found subsets of recurvature cases that contain areas of significantly modified ensemble spread which were anchored in time and space to the recurvature of the TC. It is shown that forecast uncertainty is dependent upon the location of the nearest trough at the time of recurvature and the relative speed between the TC and the Rossby wave train after recurvature. Predictability is significantly degraded when recurvature occurs downstream of a trough; the elevated uncertainty subsequently propagates downstream along with the trough axis. An analysis in spectral space demonstrates that the increase in uncertainty is not solely attributed to the trough location, as there is also significantly elevated uncertainty in the Rossby wave amplitude across downstream troughs and ridges. Uncertainty is enhanced in locations where baroclinic growth processes are most pronounced, specifically where the TC and upper-level trough are optimally phased.
Download or read book Downstream Impacts Due to the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of the eddy kinetic energy budget for four cases of extratropical transition (ET) with North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) is conducted. The cases compare varying ET and midlatitude flow characteristics. Each case was examined to determine the impacts of eddy kinetic energy generation and/or transfer on downstream development in the midlatitude circulation. Typhoon Tokage (October 2004) was a large TC that moved into a high-amplitude midlatitude circulation. Energetics analysis revealed that the ET of Tokage influenced the development of a deep trough over the central North Pacific before Tokage moved poleward and weakened transfer. Typhoon Banyan (July 2005) was a mid-summer case that influenced downstream development ultimately over the Aleutian Islands. Typhoon Guchol (August 2005) was a small TC that was dominated by midlatitude flow. However, the merger of Guchol with a midlatitude trough enabled development downstream of a separate trough. Typhoon Nabi was an intense TC that injected significant EKE into the midlatitude circulation during ET. Through downstream development, Nabi changed a zonal pattern over the North Pacific into an amplified pattern. These cases indicate that the ET process over the western North Pacific impacts the midlatitude circulation across the entire North Pacific basin.
Download or read book Quantification of the Downstream Impact of Extratropical Transition for Typhoon Jangmi and Other Case Studies written by Grams, Christian Michael Warnfrid and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of extratropical transition on the midlatitude flow is quantified based on potential vorticity inversion. The detailed study of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) reveals the diabatically enhanced net transport of low-PV air to the tropopause as the key physical process determining the direct impact of ET. Relocation experiments and further case studies show the crucial role of the relative position of the TC and the midlatitude flow for the downstream impact of ET and the reduced predictability.
Download or read book The Remote Impacts of a Western Pacific Tropical Cyclone written by Craig E. Jakus and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The short term teleconnections arising from an individual tropical cyclone in tne western Pacific (typhoon Seth, October 1994) were examined using an operational global data assimilation system and numerical weather prediction model. During the data assimilation, the model's initial conditions were modified using a tropical cyclone bogusing procedure that either maintained or eliminated the individual storm. These different initial conditions were used in six extended-range forecasts of about 3.5 weeks duration. Three of these forecasts simulated the atmosphere with tne tropical cyclone and three without the storm. The ensemble average differences between the forecasts with the storm and those without it were used to infer the global teleconnection response to the tropical cyclone. This response was dominated by a strong and persistent Rossby wave train that extended from east Asia across the North Pacific into North America. This wave train was initiated when an anticyclonic circulation formed near Japan as the tropical cyclone approached the east Asian jet. The anticyclone formation was primarily the result of two factors: (1) vortex stretching; and (2) absolute vorticity advection as divergent outflow from the tropical cyclone crossed the large absolute vorticity gradient of the east Asian jet. The wave response was quasi-stationary. However, the basic wave train (i.e., the teleconnection pattern) developed within a week due to a relatively rapid eastward propagation of wave energy across the North Pacific and North America. In regions of strong jet flow, this propagation tended to parallel the flow while in regions of weaker flow, the propagation had stronger poleward or equatorward components. The wave train intensified well after the tropical cyclone and the initial wave formation process had dissipated.
Download or read book Downstream Response to Explosive Extratropical Cyclone Intensification Over the North Pacific written by Kevin Michael Lupo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diagnosing the Downstream Impact of Extratropical Transition Using Multimodel Operational Ensemble Prediction Systems written by Julia Henriette Keller and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study examines the predictability during the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones using the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE), a multimodel ensemble prediction system (EPS). It is shown that TIGGE exhibits more possible development scenarios than a single EPS. By analysing the eddy kinetic energy budget of forecast scenarios for two ET cases, extracted from an EPS, the impact of the transitioning tropical cyclones on the midlatitude flow is studied in detail.
Download or read book Dynamics and Predictability of Large Scale High Impact Weather and Climate Events written by Jianping Li and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the dynamical processes between high-impact weather and climate events, and between atmospheric and ocean phenomena.
Download or read book On the Role of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones in Shaping the Extratropical Circulation Response to the Madden Julian Oscillation written by Lawrence C. Gloeckler (III) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones written by Johnny C. L. Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. I. Theory of tropical cyclones. ch. 1. Tropical cyclone structure and dynamics / Jeffrey D. Kepert. ch. 2. Tropical cyclone formation / Kevin J. Tory and William M. Frank. ch. 3. Air-sea interactions in tropical cyclones / Lynn K. Shay. ch. 4. Movement of tropical cyclones / Johnny C.L. Chan. ch. 5. The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones : structural characteristics, downstream impacts, and forecast challenges / Patrick A. Harr -- pt. II. Observations of tropical cyclones. ch. 6. Observing and analyzing the near-surface wind field in tropical cyclones / Mark D. Powell. ch. 7. Satellite observations of tropical cyclones / Christopher Velden and Jeffrey Hawkins. ch. 8. Aircraft observations of tropical cyclones / Sim D. Aberson [und weitere] -- pt. III. Climate variations of tropical cyclone activity. ch. 9. Tropical cyclones and climate change : a review / Thomas Knutson, Chris Landsea and Kerry Emanuel -- pt. IV. Forecasting of tropical cyclones. ch. 10. Track and structure forecasts of tropical cyclones / Julian Heming and Jim Goerss. ch. 11. The influence of natural climate variability on tropical cyclones, and seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone activity / Suzana J. Camargo [und weitere] -- pt. V. Hydrological aspects of tropical cyclones. ch. 12. Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas / Shishir K. Dube [und weitere] -- pt. VI. Societal impacts of tropical cyclones. ch. 13. Disaster mitigation and societal impacts / David King, Jim Davidson and Linda Anderson-Berry
Download or read book Climate Extremes written by S.-Y. Simon Wang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although we are seeing more weather and climate extremes, individual extreme events are very diverse and generalization of trends is difficult. For example, mid-latitude and subtropical climate extremes such as heat waves, hurricanes and droughts have increased, and could have been caused by processes including arctic amplification, jet stream meandering, and tropical expansion. This volume documents various climate extreme events and associated changes that have been analyzed through diagnostics, modeling, and statistical approaches. The identification of patterns and mechanisms can aid the prediction of future extreme events. Volume highlights include: Compilation of processes and mechanisms unique to individual weather and climate extreme events Discussion of climate model performance in terms of simulating high-impact weather and climate extremes Summary of various existing theories, including controversial ones, on how climate extremes will continue to become stronger and more frequent Climate Extremes: Patterns and Mechanisms is a valuable resource for scientists and graduate students in the fields of geophysics, climate physics, natural hazards, and environmental science. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/how-does-changing-climate-bring-more-extreme-events
Download or read book Extratropical Transition of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones written by Peter M. Klein and published by . This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extratropical transition (ET) of a tropical cyclone (TC) often results in a mid-latitude storm that threatens maritime and coastal interests. Cases of ET between 1 July through 31 October during 1994-1996 are reviewed using Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) analyses and hourly geostationary satellite imagery. Current conceptual models are found to be inadequate to explain the physical processes in ET. ET is redefined to have two stages: transformation, where the TC is transformed from a warm-core vortex into a baroclinic, cold-core extratropical cyclone, and re- intensification, where the transformed TC either deepens or dissipates, depending on the existence of upper4ropospheric support for extratropical cyclogenesis. ET is further defined in terms of two characteristic mid-latitude synoptic patterns: meridional, in which the cyclones have meridional tracks and tend to re-intensify less vigorously than zonal, which have zonal tracks and may deepen explosively. Review of NOGAPS 5OO-mb anomaly correlation scores in 1996 demonstrated that ET may be associated with significant NOGAPS errors. Sea-level pressure forecasts during ET events involving a merger tend to be too deep. In ET cases of rapidly deepening storms, NOGAPS tends to overforecast their intensity during transformation, and then underforecast during re- intensification. Rules of thumb are provided to assist forecasters in improving predictions of the track and intensity of storms undergoing ET.
Download or read book A Quantitative Assessment of the Sensitivity of the Downstreammidlatitude Flow Response to Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones written by Christian M. Grams and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extratropical Storm Evolution from Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean written by Samson Brand and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines 16 recurving tropical storms and typhoons that occurred in the western North Pacific Ocean in 1971, to determine the characteristics of the storms after they became extratropical. Many of the extratropical storms that evolved from tropical cyclones maintained destructive seas and winds as long as 5 days after the point of recurvature. Six of the 16 extratropical storms crossed the North Pacific and affected the Aleutians or western North America. Some of the physical processes associated with the evolution of extratropical storms from tropical cyclones are also discussed. (Author).
Download or read book An Analysis of the Impacts of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on Their Local and Large Scale Environment written by Benjamin Alan Schenkel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The following study examines the spatiotemporal response of the local scale and large scale environment to tropical cyclone (TC) passage. The research presented here is broken up into three chapters that can be separated into two parts. Given that the analysis of the environmental response to TC passage heavily relies upon the use of atmospheric reanalysis datasets, the first half of this dissertation (Chapter 2) will examine the fidelity of TC intensity, position, and intensity life cycle within five reanalyses to determine what reanalyses can be used for when studying TCs. The results of this analysis show an underestimation of reanalysis TC intensity beyond what can be attributed to the coarse grid resolution of reanalyses. Moreover, the mean life cycle of normalized TC intensity within reanalyses exhibits an underestimation of pre-peak intensification rates as well as a delay in the timing of peak TC intensity relative to the Best Track. Significant discrepancies between reanalysis and Best-Track TC position are noted to exist particularly in regions that are observation deficient. Of the five reanalyses examined, the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and JMA 25-yr Japanese Reanalysis (JRA-25) have the most robust representation of TCs particularly within the North Atlantic (NATL) and Western North Pacific (WPAC). The second half of this study examines the local scale (Chapter 3) and large scale (Chapter 4) impacts of WPAC TCs upon their environment using storm-relative composites. On local scales, TCs are found to cool sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for at least a month following TC passage. The feedbacks from the SST cold wake combined with an initial net flux divergence of energy from the column yields a significant cooling and drying of the atmosphere that is strongest in the lower troposphere. Restoration of the environment is eventually achieved through a return of SSTs to climatology and a net flux convergence of potential energy aloft. The large scale response of the environment is primarily associated with an anomalous drying of the lower and middle tropospheric atmospheric environment to the west and southwest of the TC. The drying appears to be caused by upper level convergence resulting from the interaction of the TC outflow with its environment. On the western side of the TC, both the upper level flow from the anticyclone of the Asian monsoon and the increasing inertial stability with latitude due to the meridional gradient of planetary vorticity limit the ventilation to the west of the TC yielding upper level convergence and subsidence. The area of anomalous drying to the southwest is associated with the convergent upper level flow from the right exit region of the anticyclonically curved equatorward outflow jet of the TC. Lastly, the meridional transport of total energy by TCs results in a substantial cross hemispheric export of dry static energy nearly 4000 km southwards as result of the upper level outflow jet of the TC. The meridional dry static energy transports by TCs appear to comprise a substantial portion of the total atmospheric dry static energy transports at the equator during late summer and early fall. In their totality, these results suggest that TCs may significantly impact their environment both on long temporal scales and large spatial scales with potentially significant aggregate climate impacts in the WPAC given the high frequency of TC occurrence.
Download or read book Tropical Cyclone and Mid Latitude Characteristics and Physical Mechanisms Contributing to Extratropical Transition in the Western North Pacific written by Peter M. Klein and published by . This book was released on 2000-12-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific examines 30 cases during 1 June through 31 October 1994-98 using Navy analyses, plus geostationary satellite visible, infrared, water vapor, and microwave imagery. Based on the similarity of all 30 ET cases in satellite imagery, a three-dimensional conceptual model of the transformation stage of ET is proposed to describe how these ET cases evolve into an incipient, baroclinic cyclone. A climatology of ET during the period studied is presented, and three levels of re-intensification (little, moderate, and deep) are defined based on storm intensity at the end of ET. The re- intensification stage in nine cases is studied via Navy Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) control forecasts, simulations with the initial TC vortex removed, and simulations in which the initial TC vortex is displaced. These COAMPS simulations demonstrate that deep or moderate re- intensification depends on phasing of the poleward translating TC remnants with a critical region in which cyclogenesis is favored in the mid-latitude circulation. The mid-latitude circulation and TC contributions to the re- intensification stage are identified via superposition with the critical region and modification of its location and diagnostic values, respectively, and the combination of these contributions determines the final storm intensity at the end of ET.
Download or read book Atmospheric Rivers written by F. Martin Ralph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
