Download or read book The Distribution of the Salamanders of the Genus Plethodon in the Eastern United States and Canada written by Arnold Brams Grobman and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distribution of the Salamanders of the Genus Plethodon in Eastern United States and Canada written by Arnold B. Grobman and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distribution of the Salamanders of the Genus Plethodon in Eastern United States and Canada written by Arnold Brams Grobman and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distribution of the Salamanders of the Genus Plethodon in Eastern United States and Canada written by Arnold Brams Grobman and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders written by Richard C. Bruce and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a state-of-the-art overview of plethodontid salamanders. Readers will find the best current understanding of many aspects of the evolution, systematics, development, morphology, life history, ecology, and field methodology of these animals.
Download or read book The Relationships of the Salamanders of the Genus Plethodon written by Richard Highton and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abbreviated introduction: The North American genus Flethodon presently has more recognised forms than any other genus of salamanders. It is the type genus of the lungless family Plethodontidae, reviewed so ably by Dunn in 1926. At present, this is the most successful salamander family; over half of the living species of the Order Caudata are plethodontids. North America is the center of the distribution of the family, but one genus, Hydromantes, also occurs in Europe, and members of several genera enter the Neotropical region. Salamanders of this family occupy habitats ranging from strictly aquatic cavernicoles (lyphlomolge and haideotriton) and mountain stream dwellers (Leurognathus) to others like Plethodon, which are completely terrestrial, even to the ex-bent of laying their eggs on land. Dunn believed that Plethodon is the most primitive genus in the attached-tongue branch of the family, and that Hemidactyiium, Ensatina, Batrachoseps, and Aneides are more specialised derivtives of a Plethodonlike ancestor. In 1926, only eleven forms of Plethodon were known to Dunn. In 1943 Bishop listed 17 species (one has since been removed from the genus) and two subspecies (both are now considered different species). In 1944, Grobman reviewed the distribution and relationships of the eastern section of the genus, including some sixteen species and subspecies. There are now twenty-five forms recognized in eastern North America, with seven more in the western United States and Canada. Grobman (1944: 266) divided the eastern forms into two groups, the Large Plethodons and the Small Plethodons. He suggested that these groups might actually represent distinct genera or subgenera, but he reserved judgement in this matter until the relationship of the western species with the eastern forms could be determined. One of the purposes of the present study is to determine these relationships by a comparative study of the morphology of all the species of the genus Plethodon. Of the twenty-five genera in the family Plethodontidae, only two others show as great or greater disjunctions in their distributions as that found in Plethodon, These are hydromantes, with two forms in Europe and three species in California, and Aneides, with four species in western North America and one in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. In the past two decades, several new plethodons have been discovered in both eastern and western North America. A review of the relationships of these forms offers a valuable opportunity to study the evolution of this important group of North American salamanders. The importance of examining plethodons in life has been emphasized by most recent workers. Many species, particularly the Large Eastern forms, are extremely difficult to identify after years of preservation. In few other vertebrates are differential characters between species so rare. For this reason, a special attempt was made to obtain living specimens of each form. Twenty-five of the thirty-two forms recognized herein have been studied alive.
Download or read book The Distribution of the Salamanders of the Genus Plethedon in Eastern United States and Canada written by Arnold Brams Grobman and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife Abstracts written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Historical and Ecological Biogeography of the Eastern Red Backed Salamander Plethodon Cinereus written by Brian P. Waldron and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patterns in the distributions of species result from numerous ecological and evolutionary processes, including competitive interactions, evolved physiological tolerances, and the historical environmental fluctuations that have caused ranges to shift, expand, or contract over long time periods. For some groups of species, these processes have resulted in an elaborate diversification of traits. For other groups, however, such as woodland salamanders (genus Plethodon), closely related species may be phenotypically similar or even identical. It is less clear what drives the formation of such species, whether and how they maintain their identities and interact after initial divergence, and how such similar species might have evolved ecologically in subtle ways to differentially utilize the landscape. The Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) is a small, fully terrestrial woodland salamander notable for its wide distribution and high phylogeographic diversity in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. Most of its current distribution, however, was covered by ice sheets at the end of the Pleistocene, suggesting recent and rapid post-glacial expansion. It is not yet clear how P. cinereus colonized these landscapes, and what ecological characteristics made P. cinereus so successful in its range expansion compared to other species. Some studies comparing narrowly-distributed montane Plethodon to their lowland counterparts have suggested a combination of physiological specialization and competitive superiority of montane species relative to generalist lowland species such as P. cinereus, but it is unknown if this asymmetry applies to sets of lowland species outside of montane systems. In this dissertation, I explore the biogeography of woodland salamanders, with special attention to P. cinereus, at ecological and evolutionary time scales to uncover the processes that shape genetic diversity and species distributions. Chapters 1 and 2 concern the historical biogeography and evolution of P. cinereus, while Chapters 3 and 4 compare the habitat use of P. cinereus to two of its more broadly distributed relatives, the Northern Ravine Salamander (P. electromorphus) and the Southern Ravine Salamander (P. richmondi), to test if they have diverged ecologically, including multiple ecological scales. In Chapter 1, I used next-generation DNA sequencing to explore the phylogeographic structure and demographic history of P. cinereus, using the species as a model for the formation of incipient lineages of Plethodon. I identified several groups that diverged within the Pleistocene, yet I also found numerous and sometimes extensive regions of admixture between groups, suggesting a model of range fragmentation and fusion during incipient species formation. In Chapter 2, I focus on the most recent post-glacial expansion of P. cinereus, using DNA sequencing from range-wide samples to uncover the origins and routes of colonization. Results generally supported a southeastern coastal origin that expanded northward, westward into the Great Lakes region, and then a novel colonization route southward back into unglaciated areas. In Chapter 3, I used ecological niche modeling to test if niche differentiation between P. cinereus, P. electromorphus, and P. richmondi explains their broad distributional patterns. All species had estimated niches that were more different than expected by chance, and historical habitat suitability has fluctuated dramatically in the Holocene epoch, although I did not find strong evidence that climatic or topographic variables differentiated occurrences of P. cinereus and P. electromorphus within their overlapping distribution. Finally, in Chapter 4, I explore microhabitat differentiation between P. cinereus and P. electromorphus where they occur and interact at fine spatial scales. Plethodon cinereus greatly outnumbered P. electromorphus, and P. electromorphus used cooler, wetter microhabitats that were also occupied by P. cinereus, with no evidence for a negative correlation in their occupancies or abundances. Taken together, my work suggests that current distributions, including patterns within and between species, are shaped by historical range expansion and contractions, as well as subtle differences in habitat use at multiple spatial scales.
Download or read book Amphibians and Reptiles of the US Mexico Border States Anfibios y reptiles de los estados de la frontera M xico Estados Unidos written by Julio A. Lemos-Espinal and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first bilingual work on the reptiles and amphibians of the US–Mexico border, top herpetologists come together to describe the herpetofauna of the states of this region, which includes more than 600 species of toads, frogs, salamanders, turtles, sea turtles, alligators, lizards, snakes, and sea snakes that are found along the almost 2,000-mile border between the two countries. Each chapter is devoted to one state—four in the US (California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas) and six in Mexico (Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas)—with text in both English and Spanish. The chapters contain an introduction to the area, a review of the research, a sketch of the state’s physiography, and a description of the species present as well as the pertinent conservation issues they face. A color photo gallery includes images of nearly all species. Almost 40 percent of the featured native species are shared between the US and Mexico, reminding us that animals depend on the integrity of natural landscapes and proving the need for a comprehensive, bilingual reference to help lead a shared effort in the management and conservation of the borderlands.
Download or read book The Reproductive Biology of Amphibians written by D. Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Keys to the Vertebrates of the Eastern United States written by John O. Whitaker and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Amphibian Visual System written by Katherine V. Fite and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Amphibian Visual System: A Multidisciplinary Approach is a compendium of articles across a broad range of disciplines within experimental biology focusing on the study of the amphibian visual system. The book presents a survey of the evolutionary history and major taxonomic and ecological adaptations of amphibians; anatomic, physiological, developmental, and behavioral data relating to the amphibian visual system; description of important standards for laboratory amphibians; and the crucial problem of species identification in neurobiological research. Zoologists, experimental biologists, neurologists, and anatomists will find the text very interesting.
Download or read book The Chromosomes of Plethodontid Salamanders with Special Reference to the Genera Desmognathus and Plethodon written by Leonard James Kezer and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas written by James Ray Dixon and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IN THIS REVISED edition of Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas, James R. Dixon adds to and updates the extensive information given in the first edition. A new section on conservation issues highlights some of the problems facing the continued survival of amphibians and reptiles, particularly commercial collecting and habitat destruction. Taxonomic changes have been made to reflect the latest scientific information, and the extensive listing of the literature on Texas amphibians and reptiles has been updated through April, 1999. Going back to the writings of French botanist Jean Louis Berlandier, who encountered Texas herpetofauna during his travels from 1828 to 1834, this list covers more than 150 years of inquiry into the state's species and is also testimony to the distinguished careers of such herpetologists as Hobart M. Smith and, more recently, Chris McAllister. Another prominent feature of this book is the more than 150 distribution maps, which show by county the updated distribution records for all native Texas amphibians and reptiles, based on more than 13,000 county records and more than 110,000 individual localities. Professional and amateur herpetologists as well as environmentalists, wildlife specialists, campers, and hikers will find the dichotomous keys useful for identifying species at hand. This aid to identification is supported by a glossary, drawings and photographs, and complete scientific and common names.
Download or read book Herpetology written by Laurie J. Vitt and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-12-15 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition, now fully revised and updated by two of Dr. Zug's colleagues, provides herpetology students and amateur reptile and amphibian keepers with the latest taxonomy and species developments from around the world. Herpetology is a rapidly evolving field, which has contributed to new discoveries in many conceptual areas of biology. The authors build on this progress by updating all chapters with new literature, graphics, and discussions—many of which have changed our thinking. With a new emphasis placed on conservation issues, Herpetology continues to broaden the global coverage from earlier editions, recognizing the burgeoning reptile and amphibian research programs and the plight of many species in all countries and all biomes. New information on the remarkable advances in behavioral, physiological, and phylo-geographical data provide students with the current research they need to advance their education and better prepare their future in herpetology.
