Download or read book The Disposition Dilemma written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-05-13 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) and its predecessor, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), have attempted since the 1970s to give greater uniformity to the policy and regulatory framework that addresses the disposition of slightly radioactive solid material. The issue remains unresolved and controversial. The USNRC has tried to issue policy statements and standards for the release of slightly radioactive solid material from regulatory control, while such material has been released and continues to be released under existing practices. In 1980 the USNRC proposed regulatory changes to deregulate contaminated metal alloys but withdrew them in 1986 and began work with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop more broadly applicable federal guidance. In 1990 the USNRC issued a more sweeping policy, as directed by the Low Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (LLWPAA), declaring materials with low concentrations of radioactivity contamination "below regulatory concern" (BRC) and hence deregulated. Congress intervened to set aside the BRC policy in the Energy Policy Act of 1992, after the USNRC's own suspension of the policy. Subsequent attempts by USNRC staff to build consensus among stakeholder groups as a basis for future policy articulations were met by boycotts of stakeholder meetings, both in the immediate aftermath of the BRC policy and again in 1999 during public hearings on a new examination of the disposition of such materials. The only USNRC standard addressing the disposition of slightly radioactive solid material is a guidance document published in June 1974 by the AEC, whose regulatory authority over civilian nuclear facilities the USNRC assumed upon its creation a few months later in January 1975. In August 2000, with another examination of this issue under way, the USNRC requested that the National Research Council form a committee to provide advice in a written report. The National Research Council established the Committee on Alternatives for Controlling the Release of Solid Materials from Nuclear Regulatory Commission-Licensed Facilities to address this task. The committee's task involved evaluating and providing recommendations on the history of the technical bases and policies and precedents for managing slightly radioactive solid material from USNRC-licensed facilities; the sufficiency of technical bases needed to establish standards for release of solid materials from regulatory control ("clearance standards") and the adequacy of measurement technologies; the concerns of stakeholders and how the USNRC should incorporate them; and the efforts of international organizations on clearance standards. The committee was also asked to examine the current system for release of slightly radioactive solid material from regulatory control, to recommend whether the USNRC should continue to use this system and to recommend changes if appropriate. The committee's fact-finding process included two site visits to waste brokering facilities and nearly 40 invited presentations from the USNRC, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and EPA staff; stakeholder organizations; nuclear industry organizations; and other interested parties. In conducting its study, the committee first examined the current system of standards, guidance, and practices used by the USNRC and agreement states to determine whether to release slightly radioactive solid material from further regulatory control under the Atomic Energy Act. The committee found that the current, workable system allows licensees to release material according to pre-established criteria but contains inconsistencies such that nuclear reactor licensees can release materials only if there is no detectable radioactivity (above background levels), whereas materials licensees can do so if small detectable levels are found. The committee evaluated technical analyses of the estimated doses of the final disposition of slightly radioactive solid materials. These analyses were conducted by federal agencies and international organizations, including the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the European Commission, and other groups. The Disposition Dilemma:Controlling the Release of Solid Materials from Nuclear Regulatory Commission-Licensed Facilities explains the committee's findings and recommendations.

Download or read book Epistemic Dilemmas written by Kevin McCain and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features original essays by leading epistemologists that address questions related to epistemic dilemmas from a variety of new, sometimes unexpected, angles. It seems plausible that there can be "no win" moral situations in which no matter what one does one fails some moral obligation. Is there an epistemic analog to moral dilemmas? Are there epistemically dilemmic situations—situations in which we are doomed to violate an epistemic requirement? If there are, when exactly do they arise and what can we learn from them? The contributors to this volume cover a wide variety of positions on epistemic dilemmas. The coverage ranges from discussions of the nature of epistemic dilemmas to arguments that there are no such things to suggestions for how to resolve (or at least live with) epistemic dilemmas to proposals for how thinking about epistemic dilemmas can be used to inform theorizing in other areas of epistemology. Epistemic Dilemmas will be of interest to scholars and advanced students in epistemology working on the nature of justification and evidential support, higher-order requirements, or suspension of judgment.

Download or read book The Diabetes in Pregnancy Dilemma written by Oded Langer and published by PMPH-USA. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes mellitus is approaching epidemic proportions worldwide, and the effects and treatment of diabetes in pregnancy are not well enough understood by many doctors who see pregnant women in their practices. The goal of this book is to provide much-needed information to clinicians about pregestational and gestational diabetes in pregnancy and help them develop the tools and skills to improve the outcome of these pregnancies. This is the second edition of a highly regarded book on diabetes in pregnancy, strongly recommended in JAMA to anyone involved in the care of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. The second edition will be organized similarly to the first edition, but all of the chapters have been updated with new information and references. The book emphasizes diagnosis and treatment, making it particularly valuable to clinicians. An evidence-based approach supplements the standard expert-opinion approach wherever clinical trials have provided sufficient evidence, and strong evidence is given for close nutritional management. Like the first edition, the book is organized into two major sections: I. The Scientific Rationale for Global Issues Affecting Diabetes in Pregnancy and II. The Scientific Rationale for the Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy.

Download or read book Challenges to Moral and Religious Belief written by Michael Bergmann and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenges to Moral and Religious Belief contains fourteen original essays by philosophers, theologians, and social scientists on challenges to moral and religious belief from disagreement and evolution. Three main questions are addressed: Can one reasonably maintain one's moral and religious beliefs in the face of interpersonal disagreement with intellectual peers? Does disagreement about morality between a religious belief source, such as a sacred text, and a non-religious belief source, such as a society's moral intuitions, make it irrational to continue trusting one or both of those belief sources? Should evolutionary accounts of the origins of our moral beliefs and our religious beliefs undermine our confidence in their veracity? This volume places challenges to moral belief side-by-side with challenges to religious belief, sets evolution-based challenges alongside disagreement-based challenges, and includes philosophical perspectives together with theological and social science perspectives, with the aim of cultivating insights and lines of inquiry that are easily missed within a single discipline or when these topics are treated in isolation. The result is a collection of essays—representing both skeptical and non-skeptical positions about morality and religion—that move these discussions forward in new and illuminating directions.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Developing Students Scholarly Dispositions in Higher Education written by Zimmerman, Aaron Samuel and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholarly dispositions represent the practices and habits of mind that support consistent success in teaching, learning, and knowledge creation. To be successful in their undergraduate and graduate education, students must develop academic skills that transcend content knowledge, such as receiving and responding to critical feedback and learning how to collaborate, master academic writing, and be mindful of ethical research practices. Much is still unknown about how to teach dispositions, such as how to design a curriculum to best cultivate habits of mind, and this book attempts to address this gap while providing practical methods and strategies that can help higher education practitioners to cultivate and assess the scholarly dispositions of their students effectively. The Handbook of Research on Developing Students’ Scholarly Dispositions in Higher Education provides insight on dispositions that students must learn in higher education and how higher education faculty can help students to develop these dispositions, as well as evidence-based methods that help develop scholarly dispositions for undergraduate and graduate education. This book provides a plethora of information on scholarly dispositions and related elements, including teaching time management, collaboration, and research ethics. It is an ideal reference source for teachers, academicians, administrators, researchers, and students aspiring to become researchers and scholars themselves.

Download or read book A Minimal Metaphysics for Scientific Practice written by Andreas Hüttemann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the metaphysical commitments which best 'make sense' of our scientific practice (rather than our scientific theories)? In this book, Andreas Hüttemann provides a minimal metaphysics for scientific practice, i.e. a metaphysics that refrains from postulating any structure that is explanatorily irrelevant. Hüttemann closely analyses paradigmatic aspects of scientific practice, such as prediction, explanation and manipulation, to consider the questions whether and (if so) what metaphysical presuppositions best account for these practices. He looks at the role which scientific generalisation (laws of nature) play in predicting, testing, and explaining the behaviour of systems. He also develops a theory of causation in terms of quasi-inertial processes and interfering factors, and he proposes an account of reductive practices that makes minimal metaphysical assumptions. His book will be valuable for scholars and advanced students working in both philosophy of science and metaphysics.

Download or read book Resolving Ethical Dilemmas written by Bernard Lo and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely Fourth Edition offers clinicians expert guidance in approaching a wide range of ethical dilemmas and developing an action plan. Most chapters include real-life sample cases that the author walks through, discussing the salient issues and how to approach them. This edition includes a new chapter on ethical issues in cross-cultural medicine and new material on conscientious objection by physicians in reproductive health and other areas. Other topics addressed include disclosure of errors to patients, gifts to physicians from drug companies, involuntary psychiatric treatment, genomic medicine, and ethical issues during public health emergencies such as pandemics. The updated discussion of organ transplantation includes increasing the donor pool and non-heart beating donors.

Download or read book Collective Rationality written by Paul Weirich and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groups of people perform acts that are subject to standards of rationality. A committee may sensibly award fellowships, or may irrationally award them in violation of its own policies. A theory of collective rationality defines collective acts that are evaluable for rationality and formulates principles for their evaluation. This book argues that a group's act is evaluable for rationality if it is the products of acts its members fully control. It also argues that such an act is collectively rational if the acts of the group's members are rational. Efficiency is a goal of collective rationality, but not a requirement, except in cases where conditions are ideal for joint action and agents have rationally prepared for joint action. The people engaged in a game of strategy form a group, and the combination of their acts yields a collective act. If their collective act is rational, it constitutes a solution to their game. A theory of collective rationality yields principles concerning solutions to games. One principle requires that a solution constitute an equilibrium among the incentives of the agents in the game. In a cooperative game some agents are coalitions of individuals, and it may be impossible for all agents to pursue all incentives. Because rationality is attainable, the appropriate equilibrium standard for cooperative games requires that agents pursue only incentives that provide sufficient reasons to act. The book's theory of collective rationality supports an attainable equilibrium-standard for solutions to cooperative games and shows that its realization follows from individuals' rational acts. By extending the theory of rationality to groups, this book reveals the characteristics that make an act evaluable for rationality and the way rationality's evaluation of an act responds to the type of control its agent exercises over the act. The book's theory of collective rationality contributes to philosophical projects such as contractarian ethics and to practical projects such as the design of social institutions.

Download or read book Documentary Dilemmas written by Carolyn Anderson and published by SIU Press. This book was released on 1991-04-25 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A case history of the only American film under court-imposed restrictions for reasons other than obscenity or national security. Titicut Follies is an excoriating depiction of conditions in the Massachusetts Correctional Institution at Bridgewater, a prison-hospital for the criminally insane. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts took Wiseman to court, seeking to prevent the exhibition of Titicut Follies soon after its release in 1967. This account of the Titicut Follies case is based on ten years of research and relies on interviews, journalistic accounts, and especially on the legal record, including the Commonwealth v. Wiseman transcript, to describe the entire process of independent documentary filmmaking. The trials of Titicut Follies raise crucial questions about the relation of social documentary to its subjects and audiences.

Download or read book International Law New Actors New Concepts Continuing Dilemmas written by Budislav Vukas and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Liber Amicorum is published on the occasion of the retirement of Professor Božidar Bakotić from the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, after an impressive career that started in 1961. His colleagues and former students have contributed to this collection of essays dealing with a variety of topics in the fields of international law which Professor Bakotić himself has been most active in. Therefore, the majority of essays deal with the subjects of international law, the various international régimes of spaces, the international protection of human rights and humanitarian law, the settlement of international disputes and the law of armed conflicts. Notwithstanding the specific international developments over the last twenty years in the geographic area where Professor Bakotić has served (Southeastern Europe), all the authors of the contributions to this Liber Amicorum have dealt with their topics at the level of general international law. The book comprises 32 essays from scholars who had close relations with Professor Bakotić in the course of his career at the Zagreb Faculty of Law, in various other law schools and international organisations, in the International Law Association, in the Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Diplomatic Academy. The majority of essays are in English and six are in French.

Download or read book Powers Parts and Wholes written by Christopher J. Austin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a fresh exploration of the parts–whole relations within a power and among powers. While the metaphysics of powers has been extensively examined in the literature, powers have yet to be studied from the perspective of their mereology. Powers are often assumed to be atomic, and yet what they can do—and what can happen to them—is complex. But if powers are simple, how can they have complex manifestations? Can powers have parts? According to which rules of composition do powers compose into powers? Given the centrality of powers in current scientific as well as philosophical thought, recognizing and understanding the ontological differences between atomic and mereologically complex powers is important, for both philosophy and science. The first part of this book explores how powers divide; the second part, how powers compose. The final part showcases some specific study cases in the domains of quantum mechanics and psychology. Powers, Parts and Wholes will be of interest to professional philosophers and graduate students working in metaphysics, philosophy of science and logic.

Download or read book Dilemmas written by Ernest Christopher Dowson and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dilemmas of Reconciliation written by Carol Prager and published by Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can bitter enemies who have inflicted unspeakable acts of cruelty on each other live together in peace? At a time in history when most organized violence consists of civil wars and when nations resort to genocidal policies, when horrendous numbers of civilians have been murdered, raped, or expelled from their homes, this book explores the possibility of forgiveness. The contributors to this book draw upon the insights of history, political science, philosophy, and psychology to examine the trauma left in the wake of such actions, using, as examples, numerous case studies from the Holocaust, Russia, Cambodia, Guatemala, South Africa, and even Canada. They consider the fundamental psychological and philosophical issues that have to be confronted, offer insights about measures that can be taken to facilitate healing, and summarize what has been learned from previous struggles. Dilemmas of Reconciliation is a pioneering effort that explores the extraordinary challenges that must be faced in the aftermath of genocide or barbarous civil wars. How these challenges of reconciliation are faced and resolved will affect not only the victims’ ability to go on with their lives but will impact regional stability and, ultimately, world peace.

Download or read book 101 Ethical Dilemmas written by Martin Cohen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book Dilemmas of Russian Capitalism written by Thomas C. Owen and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fedor Chizhov built the first railroad owned entirely by Russian stockholders, created Moscow’s first bank and mutual credit society, and launched the first profitable steamship line based in Archangel. In this valuable book, Thomas Owen vividly illuminates the life and world of this seminal figure in early Russian capitalism. Chizhov condemned European capitalism as detrimental to the ideal of community and the well-being of workers and peasants. In his strategy of economic nationalism, Chizhov sought to motivate merchants to undertake new forms of corporate enterprise without undermining ethnic Russian culture. He faced numerous obstacles, from the lack of domestic investment capital to the shortage of enlightened entrepreneurial talent. But he reserved his harshest criticism for the tsarist ministers, whose incompetence and prejudice against private entrepreneurship proved his greatest hindrance. Richly documented from Chizhov’s detailed diary, this work offers an insightful exploration of the institutional impediments to capitalism and the rule of law that plagued the tsarist empire and continue to bedevil post-Soviet Russia.

Download or read book An Assessment of the Prospects for Inertial Fusion Energy written by Committee on the Prospects for Inertial Confinement Fusion Energy Systems and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-07-19 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential for using fusion energy to produce commercial electric power was first explored in the 1950s. Harnessing fusion energy offers the prospect of a nearly carbon-free energy source with a virtually unlimited supply of fuel. Unlike nuclear fission plants, appropriately designed fusion power plants would not produce the large amounts of high-level nuclear waste that requires long-term disposal. Due to these prospects, many nations have initiated research and development (R&D) programs aimed at developing fusion as an energy source. Two R&D approaches are being explored: magnetic fusion energy (MFE) and inertial fusion energy (IFE). An Assessment of the Prospects for Inertial Fusion Energy describes and assesses the current status of IFE research in the United States; compares the various technical approaches to IFE; and identifies the scientific and engineering challenges associated with developing inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in particular as an energy source. It also provides guidance on an R&D roadmap at the conceptual level for a national program focusing on the design and construction of an inertial fusion energy demonstration plant.

Download or read book Colonial Capitalism and the Dilemmas of Liberalism written by Onur Ulas Ince and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-16 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the mid-nineteenth century, Britain celebrated its possession of a unique "empire of liberty" that propagated the rule of private property, free trade, and free labor across the globe. The British also knew that their empire had been built by conquering overseas territories, trading slaves, and extorting tribute from other societies. Set in the context of the early-modern British Empire, Colonial Capitalism and the Dilemmas of Liberalism paints a striking picture of these tensions between the illiberal origins of capitalism and its liberal imaginations in metropolitan thought. Onur Ulas Ince combines an analysis of political economy and political theory to examine the impact of colonial economic relations on the development of liberal thought in Britain. He shows how a liberal self-image for the British Empire was constructed in the face of the systematic expropriation, exploitation, and servitude that built its transoceanic capitalist economy. The resilience of Britain's self-image was due in large part to the liberal intellectuals of empire, such as John Locke, Edmund Burke, and Edward Gibbon Wakefield, and their efforts to disavow the violent transformations that propelled British colonial capitalism. Ince forcefully demonstrates that liberalism as a language of politics was elaborated in and through the political economic debates around the contested meanings of private property, market exchange, and free labor. Weaving together intellectual history, critical theory, and colonial studies, this book is a bold attempt to reconceptualize the historical relationship between capitalism, liberalism, and empire in a way that continues to resonate with our present moment.