Download or read book The Discrimination of Minorities in Sports written by Meghan Susan Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discrimination in American Sports written by Verena Picken and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,7, University of Siegen, 11 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Sport is not just sport. It is more: even more than entertainment, a (an American!) life style, it is the nation’s pride. Sport is strictly connected to someone’s feelings. Especially baseball, basketball and football represent typical American ballgames. But sports are not only about playing or exercising, they are highly organized, have institutionalized rituals, public liturgies, symbolic statements, dramas and narratives. American sports seem to symbolize America, its pride and unity. They are rarely considered “just a game”. American sports are crowded with a number of meanings: they are displays of patriotism, consumer rackets and even morality lessons. We learn a lot about political developments, racial relations, social classes, equality for women and community identity. Probably the most significant long- term development in the 20th century sports has been the increasing participation of minorities, especially blacks and women. Mainly African Americans made contributions to sports in the early 20th century, despite being excluded from white teams. In my term paper I will start with the exclusion of black players from white baseball, which led to the creation of a separate Negro National League in 1920. The racial segregation that prevented African Americas from playing baseball in the National League until 1947 has been replaced by the enormous successes of African Americans in all fields of sport. Another important person I want to mention in this context is Jesse Owens, who was a track and field athlete. He became a national hero for the United States when he won four gold medals and set world and Olympic records in 1936. Although being black, he was allowed to participate in these Olympic Games, while Hitler was already following up his racist and controversial politics. I will then discuss the problems concerning gender discrimination in the United States. Before the 20th century, women were not allowed to play in most organized sports. But as soon as this discrimination stopped, schools spend for example additional funding on women’s athletics, which led to an enormous boost to women’s sports of all kinds. This term paper ends with my conclusion and the question, although sport is an American lifestyle, their pride, is there still discrimination towards gender and race?
Download or read book White Sports Black Sports written by Lori Latrice Martin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The racial makeup of sports in the United States serves as a classic example of racism in the 21st century. This book examines the racial disparities in sports and the continuing significance of race in 21st-century America, debunking the myth of a "postracial society." Sports can serve as an inspirational example of what can be achieved through hard work and perseverance, regardless of one's race. However, there is plenty of evidence that race still plays a major role in sports, and that sports are key agents of racial socialization. White Sports/Black Sports: Racial Disparities in Athletic Programs challenges the idea that America has moved beyond racial discrimination and identifies the obvious and subtle ways in which racial identities and athletic determinism affect non-white individuals in the world of sports. Author Lori Latrice Martin gives readers a keen awareness of the issues, allowing them to see the links between sports and society as a whole and to perceive that the issues surrounding racism in sports impact people in every realm of life and are not limited to the playing field. She discusses how the media acts as an agent of racial socialization in sports, documents how historical stereotypes of minorities still exist, and looks closely at racial socialization in sports, including basketball, baseball, and football, exposing how blacks remained under-represented in most sports, especially among front office administrators, owners, coaches, and managers. This work serves undergraduate and graduate students in the social sciences to enhance their understanding of minority and majority group relationships and appeals to general readers interested in the history of race and sports in America.
Download or read book Sport and Discrimination in Europe written by William Gasparini and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents the main contributions and considerations of young European research workers and journalists on the question of discrimination in sport. Taking a multidisciplinary approach to the social sciences, The authors show how the media and those working in media can act as a relay, through their coverage of sports, For initiatives on the fight against discrimination. They also illustrate in detail not only the reality of discrimination in sport and the controversy surrounding this issue in the member states of the Council of Europe, but also the strength of research incipient in this field. The Enlarged Partial Agreement on Sport (EPAS) hopes to contribute in this way to the development of European research on education through sport involving researchers from different countries in order to better understand the phenomenon of discrimination.
Download or read book Race Ethnicity and Racism in Sports Coaching written by Steven Bradbury and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-31 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there has been a steady increase in the racial and ethnic diversity of the playing workforce in many sports around the world. However, there has been a minimal throughput of racial and ethnic minorities into coaching and leadership positions. This book brings together leading researchers from around the world to examine key questions around ‘race’, ethnicity and racism in sports coaching. The book focuses specifically on the ways in which ‘race’, ethnicity and racism operate, and how they are experienced and addressed (or not) within the socio-cultural sphere of sports coaching. Theoretically informed and empirically grounded, it examines macro- (societal), meso- (organisational), and micro- (individual) level barriers to racial and ethnic diversity as well as the positive action initiatives designed to help overcome them. Featuring multi-disciplinary perspectives, the book is arranged into three thematic sections, addressing the central topics of representation and racialised barriers in sports coaching; racialised identities, diversity and intersectionality in sports coaching; and formalised racial equality interventions in sports coaching. Including case studies from across North America, Europe and Australasia, ‘Race’, Ethnicity and Racism in Sports Coaching is essential reading for students, academics and practitioners with a critical interest in the sociology of sport, sport coaching, sport management, sport development, and ‘race’ and ethnicity studies. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Download or read book The Skin I m in written by Christopher Michael Spence and published by Fernwood Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the role that sport participation plays in the lives of Black male high school students. As a former professional athlete himself, the author brings a first hand personal quality to this study. As an educator he strived to counteract the problems associated with students who place sport participation ahead of academic achievement. Dr. Spence also seeks to educate educators to fight against inequality and racism in mainstream eucation and all of us to fight injustice in society.
Download or read book Race and Sport written by Charles K. Ross and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2004 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: sports african american studies Even before the desegregation of the military and public education and before blacks had full legal access to voting, racial barriers had begun to fall in American sports. This collection of essays shows that for many African Americans it was the world of athletics that first opened an avenue to equality and democratic involvement. Race and Sport showcases African Americans as key figures making football, baseball, basketball, and boxing internationally popular, though inequalities still exist today. Among the early notables discussed is Fritz Pollard, an African American who played professional football before the National Football League established a controversial color barrier. Another, the boxer Sugar Ray Robinson, exemplifies the black American athlete as an international celebrity. African American women also played an important role in bringing down the barriers, especially in the early development of women's basketball. In baseball, both African American and Hispanic players faced down obstacles and entered the sports mainstream after World War II. One essay discusses the international spread of American imperialism through sport. Another shows how mass media images of African American athletes continue to shape public perceptions. Although each of these six essays explores a different facet of sports in America, together they comprise an analytical examination of African American society's tumultuous struggle for full participation both on and off the athletic field. Charles K. Ross, interim director of African American studies and an associate professor of history and African American studies at the University of Mississippi, is the author of Outside the Lines: African Americans and the Integration of the National Football League."
Download or read book Racism in College Athletics written by Dana D. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features several articles from leading scholars, including The African American Athlete: Social Myths and Stereotypes, Sociohistorical Influences on African American Elite Sportswomen and Race Law and College Athletics.
Download or read book African Americans in Sports written by Gary A. Sailes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on African American athletes generally fo-cuses on negative stereotypes of physical prowess, and socially controversial themes. Most studies in-vestigate racism, prejudice, discrimination, and ex-ploitation experienced by African American athletes. Many studies contrast African American and white athletes on a number of variables that support pre-vailing elitist stereotypes and denigrate African Ameri-can athletes. But few studies investigate the diverse and complex cultural dichotomies within the infrastruc-ture of sport in the African American community. Gary Sailes maintains that it is crucial to develop a more eclectic and immersed cultural approach when investigating African American involvement in com-petitive sports. The contributors to 'African Americans in Sports' show that there are also intrinsic cultural paradigms that are evident, presenting an informa-tive and interesting narrative regarding African American athletes. The chapters that make up this volume were written by noted scholars who were selected based on their expertise in their specific academic areas. They write about different components of the experience of African American male athletes. Chapters and contributors include: "Race and Athletic Performance: A Physiological Review" by David W. Hunter; "The Athletic Dominance of African Americans--Is There a Genetic Basis?" by Vinay Harpalani; "African American Player Codes on Celebration, Taunting, and Sportsmanlike Conduct" by Vernon L. Andrews; and "Stacking in Major League Baseball" by Earl Smith and C. Keith Harrison. Many chapters were originally published as a special issue of the 'Journal of African American Men.' This volume should be read by all those involved in athletics, as well as by sports sociologists and African American studies scholars.
Download or read book Ethnicity Sport Identity written by J. A. Mangan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text deals with discrimination directed at those excluded from full participation in sport and the consequent struggle through sport for inclusion, recognition and respect. It deals also with sport as a source of cohesion between individuals and groups from persecuted ethnic minorities.
Download or read book Sport and Challenges to Racism written by J. Long and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-17 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an international line-up of contributors, this book examines challenges to racism in and through sport. It addresses the different agents of change in the context of wider socio-political shifts and explores issues of policy formation, practices in sport and anti-racism in sport, and the challenge to sport today.
Download or read book Sport Racism And Ethnicity written by Grant Jarvie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1991. Over the past decade there has been a notable growth of interest in the study of sport in the contexts of race and ethnicity. A number of developments have contributed to stimulate this interest, but three sets of considerations appear to have been of decisive importance. First, black sportsmen and sportswomen have experienced remarkable successes in international sport. Second, such a disproportionately high level of athletic participation by various ethnic minority cultures has often been used by liberal-minded sports enthusiasts to presume that sport enjoys a certain degree of democratisation and equality. Third, that in certain areas of the world sport itself has been central to struggles of popular resistance against dominant groups. The papers in this volume not only consider the racisms experienced by various ethnic minority sportsmen and sportswomen in Britain, but also the way in which various racisms have been articulated in South Africa, the Caribbean, Canada and the United States. The following are indicative of the key issues addressed by this text: the extent to which cricket has stimulated the role of nationalist and racial self-consciousness in the Caribbean; the extent to which young black Afro-Caribbean sports-people are agents of racialised social control in Britain; the contribution of sport to popular struggles in South Africa; the experience of young children of South Asian origin of sport in Britain; and the extent to which Native American women are accommodated in sport in Canada. This book sets out to challenge many of the voluntarist racist cherished beliefs surrounding sport.
Download or read book Out of Bounds written by Lori Latrice Martin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays highlights the controversies surrounding racism in sports and African American athletes, examining the racial discrimination that exists in one of the most public arenas in the 21st century. Despite increasing diversity in the American population, race and racial bias continue to be significant issues in the United States. Sports—one of the most visible and important subsets of American culture—directly reflect our society's beliefs about race. This book examines racial controversy and conflict in various sports in the United States in both previous eras as well as the current "Age of Obama." The essays in the work explain how racial ideologies are created and recreated in all areas of public life, including the world of sports. The authors address a wide range of sports, including ones where racial minorities are in the numerical minority, such as hockey. Specific topics covered include the devaluation of black athletes, racism in Major League Baseball, and the treatment of black female athletes.
Download or read book In Black and White written by Kenneth L. Shropshire and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Confronts the pressing problems surrounding race and diversity in the front offices of the American sports industry From the years of the Negro Leagues in baseball up to today, when college basketball programs entice and then fail to educate young Black men, sports in America have long served as a barometer of the country’s racial climate. Just as Black employees are often barred from the upper echelons of corporate America, they are underrepresented in the front offices of the sports industry as well. In this compact volume, Kenneth L. Shropshire confronts prominent racial myths head-on, offering both a history of—and solutions for—the most pressing problems currently plaguing sports. Despite the fact that Black athletes represent a huge majority of the American sports industry, the majority of ownership stake in professional basketball, baseball, and football teams is still held by white owners. And yet, when confronted with programs intended to diversify their front offices, many teams resort to the familiar refrain of merit-based excuses: there simply aren't enough qualified Black candidates or they don't know how to network. These hollow excuses not only stigmatize and exclude Black employees, but directly contradict the important value Black candidates can bring to these roles. In the insular world of sports, where former players often move up to become coaches, managers, executives, and owners, Black candidates are eminently qualified. After decades of active involvement with their sport, they often bring to the table experiences more relevant to the Black players on their teams. As a central aspect of American life, the sports industry has a responsibility to be a leader in the fight for racial equality—a responsibility that has not yet been met. In Black and White takes the industry to task, revealing claims of colorblindness and reverse racism as self-serving deflection and scrutinizing professional and collegiate sports, sports agents, and owners alike. No mere critique, however, the volume looks optimistically forward, outlining strategies that will drive the sports industry toward greater racial equality, and help it lead the way for racial justice efforts throughout America.
Download or read book Sport and the Color Line written by Patrick B. Miller and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays presented in this text examine the complexity of black American sports culture, from the organization of semi-pro baseball and athletic programs at historically black colleges and universities, to the careers of individual stars such as Jack Johnson and Joe Louis.
Download or read book Darwin s Athletes written by John Hoberman and published by HMH. This book was released on 1997-11-03 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “provocative, disturbing, important” look at how society’s obsession with athletic achievement undermines African Americans (The New York Times). Very few pastimes in America cross racial, regional, cultural, and economic boundaries the way sports do. From the near-religious respect for Sunday Night Football to obsessions with stars like Tiger Woods, Serena Williams, and Michael Jordan, sports are as much a part of our national DNA as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. But hidden within this reverence—shared by the media, corporate America, even the athletes themselves—is a dark narrative of division, social pathology, and racism. In Darwin’s Athletes, John Hoberman takes a controversial look at the profound and disturbing effect that the worship of sports, and specifically of black players, has on national race relations. From exposing the perpetuation of stereotypes of African American violence and criminality to examining the effect that athletic dominance has on perceptions of intelligence to delving into misconceptions of racial biology, Hoberman tackles difficult questions about the sometimes subtle ways that bigotry can be reinforced, and the nature of discrimination. An important discussion on sports, cultural attitudes, and dangerous prejudices, Darwin’s Athletes is a “provocative book” that serves as required reading in the ongoing debate of America’s racial divide (Publishers Weekly).
Download or read book Commodified and Criminalized written by David J. Leonard and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2010-12-28 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodified and Criminalized examines the centrality of sport to discussions of racial ideologies and racist practices in the 21st century. It disputes familiar refrains of racial progress, arguing that athletes sit in a contradictory position masked by the logics of new racism and dominant white racial frames. Contributors discuss athletes ranging from Tiger Woods and Serena Williams to Freddy Adu and Shani Davis. Through dynamic case studies, Commodified and Criminalized unpacks the conversation between black athletes and colorblind discourse, while challenging the assumptions of contemporary sports culture. The contributors in this provocative collection push the conversation beyond the playing field and beyond the racial landscape of sports culture to explore the connections between sports representations and a broader history of racialized violence.
