Download or read book The Development of Scaled Astrophysical Experiments for Current and Future Lasers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research proposes to design and field scaled astrophysical experiments for the Laboratory's intense-short-pulse Titan laser in the collisionless plasma regime to investigate plasma-scaling properties with regard to powerful astrophysical phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts and supernovae. In addition, we propose to design an experiment using high-gain thermonuclear ignition coupled with petawatt lasers to produce conditions relevant to a magnetized, radiation-dominated accretion disk surrounding stellar black holes. This work will enable development of a high-energy-density (HED) platform for scaled astrophysical science on fusion-class lasers. We will implement proton deflectometry to characterize magnetic fields associated with the interaction of short-pulse, high-energy lasers with solids.
Download or read book Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-11 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent scientific and technical advances have made it possible to create matter in the laboratory under conditions relevant to astrophysical systems such as supernovae and black holes. These advances will also benefit inertial confinement fusion research and the nation's nuclear weapon's program. The report describes the major research facilities on which such high energy density conditions can be achieved and lists a number of key scientific questions about high energy density physics that can be addressed by this research. Several recommendations are presented that would facilitate the development of a comprehensive strategy for realizing these research opportunities.
Download or read book Laser Plasma Interactions written by Dino A. Jaroszynski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Solid Compendium of Advanced Diagnostic and Simulation ToolsExploring the most exciting and topical areas in this field, Laser-Plasma Interactions focuses on the interaction of intense laser radiation with plasma. After discussing the basic theory of the interaction of intense electromagnetic radiation fields with matter, the book covers three ap
Download or read book Laser Produced Plasmas as Drivers of Quasi Parallel Collisionless Shock Formation in the Laboratory written by Peter Ver Bryck Heuer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quasi-parallel collisionless shocks are objects of considerable interest in space and astrophysics, most notably as possible sites of cosmic ray acceleration. Such shocks occur naturally in systems such as supernova remnants and planetary bow shocks, where the complex and turbulent structures they form are commonly observed by spacecraft. However, \textit{in situ} spacecraft measurements have some inherent limitations, such as a moving reference frame and non-repeatable measurements. Generating a quasi-parallel collisionless shock in a repeatable, well-diagnosed laboratory environment could therefore improve our understanding of their formation and structure. The quasi-parallel collisionless shocks observed in space and astrophysics are far too large to fit in a laboratory, but scaled versions of these systems can be created using smaller, denser plasmas with similar dimensionless parameters. However, quasi-parallel collisionless shocks are particularly challenging to scale to a feasible experiment. The shock formation process is mediated by several electromagnetic ion/ion beam instabilities which require long length scales ($>500$ ion-inertial lengths) to grow, so an experiment must include a long magnetized background plasma. This background plasma must be overlapped over the same length by a highly super-Alfv\'enic beam plasma. Matching the dimensionless parameters of the shocks observed in space sets demanding requirements on the densities of both plasmas as well as the background magnetic field strength. Laser-produced plasmas (LPPs) provide a promising beam plasma source (a ``driver'') for such experiments. A recent experimental campaign has been conducted at UCLA to investigate the potential of LPPs as drivers of quasi-parallel collisionless shocks. These experiments combine one of two high-energy lasers with the magnetized background plasma of the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) to drive the electromagnetic ion/ion beam instabilities responsible for shock formation. The experiments have observed electromagnetic waves consistent with the very early stages of quasi-parallel shock formation. These waves are similar to the ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves observed by spacecraft upstream of the Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock. At present, the amplitudes of the waves generated by these experiments are too low ($dB/B_0 \sim 0.01$) to fully form a quasi-parallel shock. The wave amplitudes observed in these experiments are low because the conditions for beam instability growth are only met in a small region near the laser target. Outside of this region, decreasing LPP density due to velocity dispersion and cross-field transport terminates the wave growth and consequently the shock formation process. Future experiments will require technical innovations to expand this growth region in order to produce larger-amplitude waves. Promising approaches including trains of laser pulses and heating electrons in the background plasma to reduce collisional cross-field transport. Along with comparisons to analytic theory and simulations, the results of the current experiments can inform the design of future laboratory quasi-parallel shock experiments.
Download or read book Particles and Astrophysics written by Maurizio Spurio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to “multi-messenger” astrophysics. It covers the many different aspects connecting particle physics with astrophysics and cosmology and introduces astrophysics using numerous experimental findings recently obtained through the study of high-energy particles. Taking a systematic approach, it comprehensively presents experimental aspects from the most advanced laboratories and detectors, as well as the theoretical background. The book is aimed at graduate students and post-graduate researchers with a basic understanding of particle and nuclear physics. It will also be of interest to particle physicists working in accelerator/collider physics who are keen to understand the mechanisms of the largest accelerators in the Universe. The book draws on the extensive lecturing experience of Professor Maurizio Spurio from the University of Bologna.
Download or read book Plasma Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-20 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of its current physics decadal survey, Physics 2010, the NRC was asked by the DOE, NSF, and NASA to carry out an assessment of and outlook for the broad field of plasma science and engineering over the next several years. The study was to focus on progress in plasma research, identify the most compelling new scientific opportunities, evaluate prospects for broader application of plasmas, and offer guidance to realize these opportunities. The study paid particular attention to these last two points. This "demand-side" perspective provided a clear look at what plasma research can do to help achieve national goals of fusion energy, economic competitiveness, and nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship. The report provides an examination of the broad themes that frame plasma research: low-temperature plasma science and engineering; plasma physics at high energy density; plasma science of magnetic fusion; space and astrophysical science; and basic plasma science. Within those themes, the report offers a bold vision for future developments in plasma science.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser plasma Acceleration Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi Varenna on Lake Como Villa Monastero 20 25 June 2011 written by Fernando Ferroni and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impressive progress has been made in the field of laser-plasma acceleration in the last decade, with outstanding achievements from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Closely exploiting the development of ultra-intense, ultrashort pulse lasers, laser-plasma acceleration has developed rapidly, achieving accelerating gradients of the order of tens of GeV/m, and making the prospect of miniature accelerators a more realistic possibility.This book presents the lectures delivered at the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics and summer school: 'Laser-Plasma Acceleration', held in Varenna, Italy, in June 2011.
Download or read book Unification and Extension of the Similarity Scaling Criteria and Mixing Transition for Studying Astrophysics Using High Energy Density Laboratory Experiments Or Numerial Simulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Euler similarity criteria for laboratory experiments and time-dependent mixing transition are important concepts introduced recently for application to prediction and analysis of astrophysical phenomena. However Euler scaling by itself provides no information on the distinctive spectral range of high Reynolds number turbulent flows found in astrophysics situations. On the other hand, time-dependent mixing transition gives no indication on whether a flow that just passed the mixing transition is sufficient to capture all of the significant dynamics of the complete astrophysical spectral range. In this paper, a new approach, based on additional insight gained from review of Navier-Stokes turbulence theory, is developed. It allows for revelations about the distinctive spectral scale dynamics associated with high Reynolds number astrophysical flows. From this perspective, we caution that the energy containing range of the turbulent flow measured in a laboratory setting must not be unintentionally contaminated in such a way that the interactive influences of this spectral scale range in the corresponding astrophysical situation cannot be faithfully represented. In this paper we introduce the concept of a minimum state as the lowest Reynolds number turbulent flow that a time-dependent mixing transition must achieve to fulfill this objective. Later in the paper we show that the Reynolds number of the minimum state may be determined as 1.6 x 105. Our efforts here can be viewed as a unification and extension of the concepts of both similarity scaling and transient mixing transition concepts. At the last the implications of our approach in planning future intensive laser experiments or massively parallel numerical simulations are discussed. A systematic procedure is outlined so that as the capabilities of the laser interaction experiments and supporting results from detailed numerical simulations performed in recently advanced supercomputing facilities increase progressively, a strategy can be devised so that more and more spectral range dynamic structures and their statistical influences on evolving astrophysical flows can be progressively extended in laboratory investigations.
Download or read book Laboratory Astrophysics written by Guillermo M. Muñoz Caro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the most recent, relevant, comprehensive and significant aspects in the well-established multidisciplinary field Laboratory Astrophysics. It focuses on astrophysical environments, which include asteroids, comets, the interstellar medium, and circumstellar and circumplanetary regions. Its scope lies between physics and chemistry, since it explores physical properties of the gas, ice, and dust present in those systems, as well as chemical reactions occurring in the gas phase, the bare dust surface, or in the ice bulk and its surface. Each chapter provides the necessary mathematical background to understand the subject, followed by a case study of the corresponding system. The book provides adequate material to help interpret the observations, or the computer models of astrophysical environments. It introduces and describes the use of spectroscopic tools for laboratory astrophysics. This book is mainly addressed to PhD graduates working in this field or observers and modelers searching for information on ice and dust processes.
Download or read book High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics written by George A. Kyrala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-14 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past several years, research teams around the world have developed astrophysics-relevant utilizing high energy-density facilities such as intense lasers and z-pinches. Research is underway in many areas, such as compressible hydrodynamic mixing, strong shock phenomena, radiation flow, radiative shocks and jets, complex opacities, equations of stat, and relativistic plasmas. Beyond this current research and the papers it is producing, plans are being made for the application, to astrophysics-relevant research, of the 2 MJ National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; the 600 kj Ligne d'Intégration Laser (LIL) and the 2 MJ Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) in Bordeaux, France; petawatt-range lasers now under construction around the world; and current and future Z pinches. The goal of this conference and these proceedings is to continue focusing attention on this emerging research area. The conference brought together different scientists interested in this emerging new field, with topics covering: - Hydrodynamic instabilities in astrophysics, - Supernovae and supernova remnant evolution, - Astrophysical shocks, blast waves, and jets, - Stellar opacities, - Radiation and thermal transport, - Dense plasma atomic physics and EOS, - X-ray photoionized plasmas, - Ultrastrong magnetic field generation.
Download or read book Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The laser has revolutionized many areas of science and society, providing bright and versatile light sources that transform the ways we investigate science and enables trillions of dollars of commerce. Now a second laser revolution is underway with pulsed petawatt-class lasers (1 petawatt: 1 million billion watts) that deliver nearly 100 times the total world's power concentrated into a pulse that lasts less than one-trillionth of a second. Such light sources create unique, extreme laboratory conditions that can accelerate and collide intense beams of elementary particles, drive nuclear reactions, heat matter to conditions found in stars, or even create matter out of the empty vacuum. These powerful lasers came largely from U.S. engineering, and the science and technology opportunities they enable were discussed in several previous National Academies' reports. Based on these advances, the principal research funding agencies in Europe and Asia began in the last decade to invest heavily in new facilities that will employ these high-intensity lasers for fundamental and applied science. No similar programs exist in the United States. Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers assesses the opportunities and recommends a path forward for possible U.S. investments in this area of science.
Download or read book Gravitational Astronomy written by David E. McClelland and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Inertial Confinement Fusion Targets written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fall of 2010, the Office of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Secretary for Science asked for a National Research Council (NRC) committee to investigate the prospects for generating power using inertial confinement fusion (ICF) concepts, acknowledging that a key test of viability for this concept-ignition -could be demonstrated at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the relatively near term. The committee was asked to provide an unclassified report. However, DOE indicated that to fully assess this topic, the committee's deliberations would have to be informed by the results of some classified experiments and information, particularly in the area of ICF targets and nonproliferation. Thus, the Panel on the Assessment of Inertial Confinement Fusion Targets ("the panel") was assembled, composed of experts able to access the needed information. The panel was charged with advising the Committee on the Prospects for Inertial Confinement Fusion Energy Systems on these issues, both by internal discussion and by this unclassified report. A Panel on Fusion Target Physics ("the panel") will serve as a technical resource to the Committee on Inertial Confinement Energy Systems ("the Committee") and will prepare a report that describes the R&D challenges to providing suitable targets, on the basis of parameters established and provided to the Panel by the Committee. The Panel on Fusion Target Physics will prepare a report that will assess the current performance of fusion targets associated with various ICF concepts in order to understand: 1. The spectrum output; 2. The illumination geometry; 3. The high-gain geometry; and 4. The robustness of the target design. The panel addressed the potential impacts of the use and development of current concepts for Inertial Fusion Energy on the proliferation of nuclear weapons information and technology, as appropriate. The Panel examined technology options, but does not provide recommendations specific to any currently operating or proposed ICF facility.
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hearings on H R 1873 H R 1872 Department of Energy National Security Programs Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Digest of Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
