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Book The Development of Law Pertaining to Desegregation of Public Schools in North Carolina

Download or read book The Development of Law Pertaining to Desegregation of Public Schools in North Carolina written by Elton D. Winstead and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-09-29 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Development of Law Pertaining to Desegregation of Public Schools in North Carolina: Circumvention of the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Ruling for Ten Years in North Carolina Includes Interviews with Gov. Luther H. Hodges, Gov. Terry Sanford, Thomas J. Pearsall, William Medford, Conrad O. Pearson, James E. Miller, Larry I. Moore This book is the dissertation submitted to Duke University, Durham, North Carolina in 1966 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education by Elton D. "E. D." Winstead. The information in this book has historical significance and deserves to be more readily available as a contemporary perspective during that time period leading up to the desegregation of the North Carolina school system. A reflection on this perspective is especially appropriate now on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the 1954 Supreme Court ruling in the Brown v. Board of Education case and on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The 1964 Civil Rights Act basically ended North Carolina's Pearsall Plan, not only as a way to preserve the North Carolina school system, but also as a way to circumvent the Supreme Court ruling in the Brown v. Board of Education case. The Pearsall Plan, as the vehicle for the circumvention of the Brown decision, was declared to be unconstitutional by two federal courts in 1966 and 1969 after this study was completed, and two of the people interviewed in this study were instrumental in those cases. Some of the persons closest to, and most influential in shaping, North Carolina's official reaction to the 1954 Supreme Court decision in the Brown case were interviewed. A few selected quotes from the interviews: Question: The Report of the Supreme Court Decision of May 17, 1954 by the Institute of Government at Chapel Hill discussed the alternatives open to the State, and the alternatives appear to boil down to three possibilities; that is, as stated in the report, defiance, compliance, or to play for time, making haste slowly enough to avoid litigation, and yet make haste fast enough to come within the law; thereby keeping the peace and keeping the schools. I have simplified the third alternative by calling it what it appears to be – circumvention, which of course, means to go around, to gain advantage over by artfulness or stratagem. Do you agree that the three possibilities cover the alternatives available to North Carolina at the time? Mr. Conrad O. Pearson (General Counsel, NAACP for North Carolina): “Yes, and North Carolina followed the alternative offered by circumvention.” Mr. Conrad O. Pearson: “The committee [The Special Advisory Committee appointed by the Governor] took a negative approach. They made no effort to influence public opinion toward compliance with the Court's decision.” Gov. Luther H. Hodges: “I did not practice circumvention. We did make an effort to play for time.” Question: Did the committee [Special Advisory Committee, chaired by you] ever seriously consider immediate desegregation as a possible solution? Dr. Thomas J. Pearsall: “No.” Mr. Larry I. Moore:“The Pearsall Plan made possible a more orderly transition.” “At that time, if North Carolina had integrated the schools in proportion to population ratios, the school system would have been destroyed and there would have been riots. The people would not have accepted integration.” The modern reader will notice that word choice has changed since 1966, when the word “Negro” was standard terminology, for example, as used by Mr. Conrad O. Pearson, the General Counsel for the North Carolina NAACP in his interview published in the appendix of this book. Ray L. Winstead Editor

Book Guidelines for School Desegregation

Download or read book Guidelines for School Desegregation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Special Subcommittee on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book With All Deliberate Speed

Download or read book With All Deliberate Speed written by Arthur Larentz Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decision of the United States Supreme Court in Brown v. the Board of Education legally ended the operation of segregated schools in the South. In North Carolina, a series of legal challenges began under the Pupil Assignment Act and, later, the Pearsall Plan to delay the desegregation of the state's school systems. In an effort to avoid massive public demonstrations, violence, and the closing of public schools as a result of public outrage, the Pearsall Plan transferred control of pupil assignments, along with the power to request the closing of schools, to local school boards. The decentralization of desegregation allowed communities to determine the level of social change comfortable to the majority of an area's residents. As a result, no school in any of the over one-hundred independent school systems in North Carolina lost a single day of classes on account of civil disobedience. This thesis examines the background, development, and effect of the Pearsall Plan on North Carolina's educational, political, and social systems. It also outlines the factors that led North Carolina's leaders to deliberately embark down a path with one known ending: the declaration of the unconstitutionality of the Pearsall Plan. The decisions of these individuals and the outcome of their efforts comprise the focus of this thesis.

Book Guidelines for School Desegregation

Download or read book Guidelines for School Desegregation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Policies and Guidelines for School Desegregation

Download or read book Policies and Guidelines for School Desegregation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Policies and Guidelines for School Desegregation Hearings Before the

Download or read book Policies and Guidelines for School Desegregation Hearings Before the written by United States. Congress. House. Rules and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book School Desegregation 1966

Download or read book School Desegregation 1966 written by Southern Regional Council and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Comprehensive Dissertation Index 1861 1972 Education

Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index 1861 1972 Education written by Xerox University Microfilms and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Reading Writing Race

Download or read book Reading Writing Race written by Davison M. Douglas and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 1995 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Charlotte, North Carolina, as a case study of the dynamics of racial change in the 'moderate' South, Davison Douglas analyzes the desegregation of the city's public schools from the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision th

Book Southern School Desegregation 1966 67

Download or read book Southern School Desegregation 1966 67 written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Southern School Desegregation 1966 67

Download or read book Southern School Desegregation 1966 67 written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Deliberate Speed of the Tar Heel State

Download or read book The Deliberate Speed of the Tar Heel State written by Patrick Cash and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Offers readers an examination of the efforts undertaken by North Carolina in hope of resisting public school desegregation between the Brown v. Board decisions of 1954, 1955, and 1966. It will examine the state's use of a series of legal, legislative maneuvers, The Pupil Assignment Act of 1955 and the Pearsall Plan of 1956, which attempted to show definitive progress to the federal government while simultaneously ensuring the segregated public school system remained intact. By examining the efforts of individuals such as William Umstead, Luther Hodges, Terry Sanford, Thomas Pearsall, and others, this thesis will analyze how North Carolina attempted to use more 'moderate' means of resisting federally mandated school desegregation and whether the state was successful in their efforts."--Author abstract.

Book Comprehensive Dissertation Index

Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: