Download or read book The Development and Application of Thiosquaramides and Bispyridiniums as Hydrogen bond Donor Catalysts written by Michael Gregorio Rombola and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chiral hydrogen-bond donor molecules have emerged as powerful catalysts for asymmetric organic synthesis. Principles of hydrogen-bond donor catalyst design have led to the development of thiosquaramides and bispyridiniums as highly active catalysts. The synthesis and catalytic performance of thiosquaramide and bispyridinium catalophores is described, as well as their application to new methodologies, in particular highly enantioselective Michael additions of barbituric acids to nitroalkenes and nitro-Diels-Alder reactions.

Download or read book Planar Chiral Hydrogen Bond Donor Catalysts written by Jakob Schneider and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the first synthesis and application of planar-chiral [2.2]paracyclophane- derived hydrogen-bond donor catalysts, thereby inducing a unique chiral motif into the emerging field of thiourea organocatalysis. Reaction acceleration through hydrogen-bond catalysis has made a significant impact on the field, rendering the development of potent catalyst structures extremely valuable. Based on the [2.2]paracyclophane scaffold, mono- and bi-functional thiourea catalysts were prepared. The rigidity of the [2.2]paracyclophane structure leads to a unique setup of the substituents. In pseudo-geminal position to the thiourea moiety, a hydroxy group was selected and introduced as the second functionality. In a 12-step synthesis, the enantiopure hydroxy- substituted [2.2]paracyclophanylene thiourea was obtained. Furthermore, efficient access to enantiopure pseudo-geminally substituted 13-amino-4- bromo[2.2]paracyclophane was developed. The aminobromide was employed in cross- coupling reactions to yield arylated amino[2.2]paracyclophanes, exhibiting a broad range of electronic and steric features useful for organocatalytic applications. The developed catalysts were applied in asymmetric organic transformations and proved most useful in the transfer hydrogenation reaction. The hydroxy-substituted thiourea catalyst particularly exhibited catalytic activity and stereoselectivity. To shed light on the mode of action of this class of hydrogen-bond catalysts, various analytic methods were conducted. Through extensive crystallographic and NMR complexation experiments, the binding properties of the catalysts were investigated in terms of their interaction with hydrogen-bond- accepting functional groups. Furthermore, quantum chemical DFT and ab initio calculations were undertaken to explore the favored conformations of [2.2]paracyclophane-derived thioureas. The combined findings revealed substrate-dependent activation via single or double hydrogen bonding between the NH groups of the thiourea and the respective substrate. Furthermore, a class of readily accessible hydrogen-bond thiourea catalysts was developed, derived from amino acids. Their steric and electronic features were modulated by their degree of substitution at the carbinol carbon center. All catalysts were applied in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of nitroolefins, furnishing the products in up to 99% yield and 87% enantiomeric excess.