Download or read book The Determinants of Low Fertility in Singapore written by Aamir Rafique Hashmi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Below replacement fertility is a common problem among the rich countries with far reaching economic and social implications. The problem is more acute in some economically fast growing Asian countries where the fertility decline has been more rapid and the current fertility rates have reached the levels that are unprecedented in recent history. In this paper we use data from a unique household survey to understand the determinants of low fertility in one such country: Singapore. The total fertility rate in Singapore has dropped from 4.7 children per woman in 1965 to 1.16 in 2010. This is well below the replacement level of 2.1 and one of the lowest in the world. We identify three key determinants of fertility in Singapore: age at time of marriage, household income, and number of siblings' children. We find that fertility is negatively related to age at time of marriage and positively to the number of siblings' children. The relationship between fertility and household income is U-shaped: the relationship is negative for household incomes of up to $21,000 (in 2010 Singapore dollars) and positive for higher incomes.

Download or read book Low Fertility in Japan South Korea and Singapore written by Shigeki Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.

Download or read book Ultra Low Fertility in Pacific Asia written by Paulin Straughan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together work on the low fertility countries of East Asia with an analysis of trends in fertility, what we know about their determinants and consequences, the policy issues and how these are being addressed in the various countries.

Download or read book Culture and Fertility written by Chen-Tung Chang and published by Institute of Southeast Asian. This book was released on 1980 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As discussed in this paper, fertility behaviour is determined by various factors such as ethnicity, education, income and other variables. In Singapore, ethnicity is found to be the most significant factor affecting all the four fertility-related measures, namely, the number of children ever born, desired family size, wife's age at first marriage, and current contraceptive use.

Download or read book Low and Lower Fertility written by Ronald R. Rindfuss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.

Download or read book Factors Influencing the Declining Birth Rate in Singapore written by Chen-Tung Chang and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economic Determinants of Fertility in Singapore written by Edmund Hak Heng Foo and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The population Problem in Pacific Asia written by Stuart Gietel-Basten and published by International Policy Exchange. This book was released on 2019 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that Asia's population aging and stagnation needs to be viewed through a multi-dimensional lens, serving as a useful resource for government workers, stakeholders, and scholars in sociology, demography, geography, and economics.--Adapted from dust jacket.

Download or read book Determinants and Consequences of Low Fertility in Low Fertility Countries written by Shigemi Kono and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Population Policy and Reproduction in Singapore written by Shirley Hsiao-Li Sun and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between population policies and individual reproductive decisions in low-fertility contexts. Using the case study of Singapore, it demonstrates that the effectiveness of population policy is a function of competing notions of citizenship, and the gap between seemingly neutral policy incentives and the perceived and experienced disparate effects. Drawing on a substantial number of personal interviews and focus groups, the book analyzes the developmental welfare state’s overarching emphasis of citizen responsibility, and examines population policies that reinforce social inequalities and ignore cultural diversity. These factors combine to undermine elaborate state policy efforts in encouraging citizens’ biological reproduction. The book goes on to argue that in order to facilitate positive fertility decisions, the state needs to modify the “economic production at all cost” approach and pay much more attention to the importance of social rights. This suggests that the Singapore government might profitably approach the phenomenon of very low fertility with major initiatives similar to those of other advanced industrialized societies. This book offers a significant contribution to the literature on social policy, East Asian and Southeast Asian studies.

Download or read book Determinants and Consequences of Low Fertility in Low fertility Countries written by Shigemi Kōno and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fertility and the Family written by Theresa Wong and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia written by Takatoshi Ito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies show that almost all industrial countries have experienced dramatic decreases in both fertility and mortality rates. This situation has led to aging societies with economies that suffer from both a decline in the working population and a rise in fiscal deficits linked to increased government spending. East Asia exemplifies these trends, and this volume offers an in-depth look at how long-term demographic transitions have taken shape there and how they have affected the economy in the region. The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia assembles a group of experts to explore such topics as comparative demographic change, population aging, the rising cost of health care, and specific policy concerns in individual countries. The volume provides an overview of economic growth in East Asia as well as more specific studies on Japan, Korea, China, and Hong Kong. Offering important insights into the causes and consequences of this transition, this book will benefit students, researchers, and policy makers focused on East Asia as well as anyone concerned with similar trends elsewhere in the world.

Download or read book World Population Past Present Future written by Julio A Gonzalo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-06-09 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Population: Past, Present, & Future uses a multidisciplinary approach to investigate in depth on important aspects of the evolution of world population not well addressed previously. The authors from the Universidad Autonoma, Madrid (Spain), professors Julio A Gonzalo, Manuel Alfonseca, and Félix-Fernando Muñoz, point out that the recent pronounced growth in world population (accompanied by an even more pronounced growth in agricultural production) was due mainly to the increase of life expectancy and not to the (inexistent) growth in fertility rate. Using a 'rate equations' approach for the first time, they describe population trends and forecast the possibility of steps up (or down) in population rather than the exponential growth predicted by UN demographers around 1985 and thereafter. This book provides a new perspective that our planet is not overpopulated and could, in fact, house a considerably larger population.

Download or read book Effective Family Planning Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Affordable Excellence written by William A. Haseltine and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Today Singapore ranks sixth in the world in healthcare outcomes well ahead of many developed countries, including the United States. The results are all the more significant as Singapore spends less on healthcare than any other high-income country, both as measured by fraction of the Gross Domestic Product spent on health and by costs per person. Singapore achieves these results at less than one-fourth the cost of healthcare in the United States and about half that of Western European countries. Government leaders, presidents and prime ministers, finance ministers and ministers of health, policymakers in congress and parliament, public health officials responsible for healthcare systems planning, finance and operations, as well as those working on healthcare issues in universities and think-tanks should know how this system works to achieve affordable excellence."--Publisher's website.