Download or read book The Detection of Common Concrete Bridge Deck Defects Using Thermography Impact Echo and Ground Penetrating Radar written by Saleh Z. Nabulsi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nondestructive Testing to Identify Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " TRB's second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-R06A-RR-1: Nondestructive Testing to Identify Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration identifies nondestructive testing technologies for detecting and characterizing common forms of deterioration in concrete bridge decks.The report also documents the validation of promising technologies, and grades and ranks the technologies based on results of the validations.The main product of this project will be an electronic repository for practitioners, known as the NDToolbox, which will provide information regarding recommended technologies for the detection of a particular deterioration. " -- publisher's description.
Download or read book Inspection and Monitoring Techniques for Bridges and Civil Structures written by G Fu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-09-20 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety, maintenance and repair of bridges and buildings depend on effective inspection and monitoring techniques. These methods need to be able to identify problems often hidden within structures before they become serious. This important collection reviews key techniques and their applications to bridges, buildings and other civil structures. The first group of chapters reviews ways of testing corrosion in concrete components. Given their continuing importance and vulnerability to decay, the next series of chapters describes ways of testing wood components within civil structures. A final group of chapters looks at visual and acoustic techniques and their use to assess bridges in particular. Inspection and monitoring techniques for bridges and civil structures is an invaluable reference for civil engineers involved in safety inspection, maintenance and repair of bridges and civil structures. Reviews key inspection and monitoring techniques and their applications to bridges, building and other civil structures Edited by a leading authority in the field
Download or read book Infrared Thermography written by Raghu Prakash and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared Thermography (IRT) is commonly as a NDE tool to identify damages and provide remedial action. The fields of application are vast, such as, materials science, life sciences and applied engineering. This book offers a collection of ten chapters with three major sections - relating to application of infrared thermography to study problems in materials science, agriculture, veterinary and sports fields as well as in engineering applications. Both mathematical modeling and experimental aspects of IRT are evenly discussed in this book. It is our sincere hope that the book meets the requirements of researchers in the domain and inspires more researchers to study IRT.
Download or read book Determination of Bridge Deck Subsurface Anomalies by Infrared Thermography and Ground Penetrating Radar written by David G. Alt and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of infrared (IR) thermography and ground penetrating radar (GPR) to find subsurface anomalies, delaminations and de-bonding, on asphalt concrete overlaid concrete bridge decks. The traditional "chaining" method is a less effective option for finding subsurface defects after an overlay is in place. An IR thermographic and GPR (IR/GPR) evaluation was conducted on the I-70 Polk-Quincy viaduct in 1993. The results were compared to other studies conducted to check for subsurface anomalies.
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation of Concrete Bridge Decks with Overlays written by Shibin Lin and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete bridge deck overlays have been used in the United States since 1960 to extend the service life of deteriorated concrete bridge decks and improve reliability. Concrete bridge decks with overlays suffer various types of deterioration, so it is necessary to identify and assess the effectiveness of different nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies in the laboratory under controlled conditions and in the field under actual conditions. This report provides an overview of seven types of widely used overlays: asphalt with a liquid membrane, asphalt with a fabric membrane, asphalt without a membrane, silica fume-modified concrete, latex-modified concrete (LMC), epoxy polymer concrete, and polyester polymer concrete. This report identifies and ranks available and promising NDE technologies to assess the performance of different types of overlays and concrete bridge decks. This report describes laboratory validation on overlays for nine commonly used NDE technologies. The nine NDE technologies are: sounding, ultrasonic surface waves (USW), impact echo (IE), ultrasonic tomography (UT), impulse response (IR), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity (ER), half-cell potential (HCP), and infrared thermography (IRT). This report details the results of laboratory tests validating the NDE technologies for the seven different types of overlays. Field validation using the RABITTM bridge deck assessment tool and manual testing equipment was also performed. Results from the study on which this report is based indicated that GPR was the most effective method for detecting defects in underlying concrete specimens through both bonded and debonded overlays; however, GPR could not detect overlay debonding. Results also showed that USW, IE, and UT were effective stress-wave-based methods for detecting defects under bonded overlays but not asphalt overlays. Researchers found that asphalt overlays at low temperatures (i.e., 32°F or below) improved the applicability of
Download or read book Infrastructure Management Assessment and Rehabilitation written by Sherif Yehia and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together state-of-the-art research on the development of infrastructure management, assessment, and rehabilitation techniques. It sheds light on pioneering work on innovative 3D-printed concrete, novel methods for assessment of bridge decks, and advanced computer vision-based maintenance of civil infrastructure. The book is essential reading for infrastructure owners, engineers, and contractors, allowing them to gain insights into groundbreaking research that is paving the way toward sustainable and resilient infrastructure.
Download or read book Evaluating Concrete Damage in Bridge Decks with and Without Overlays Using Nondestructive Testing Procedures written by Tyler W. Robison and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The state of Wyoming alone has 13.1 million square feet of bridge deck, and evaluation of those decks has become an important part of the Wyoming Department of Transportation's (WYDOT) management of bridge repairs. The authors believe that development and advancement of nondestructive evaluation methods over the past 25 years may provide a more efficient, standardized, and accurate method for evaluating bridge deck conditions compared with current practices. A study was performed on three bridge decks in Wyoming: the First Street Bridge in Casper, the Douglas I-25 Bridge, and the Remount I-80 Bridge. For each bridge, an investigation was done using standard WYDOT practices for chain dragging. In addition, the bridges were evaluated using impact echo, thermal imaging, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) techniques. All three methods considered were successful, and the damage locations between the impact echo, thermal imaging, and GPR generally correlated well. Based on this study, a complete bridge deck evaluation should combine impact echo with GPR testing to provide the most accurate predictions of delamination and debonding in support of optimal maintenance decisions.
Download or read book Evaluation of Bridge Deck Delamination Investigation Methods written by Henrique L. M. dos Reis and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An objective view of the relative advantages and limitations of the nondestructive testing and evaluation methods that are currently used in the inspection of bridge decks is presented and discussed. The three main nondestructive testing technologies that were evaluated are impact-echo, ground penetrating radar, and infrared thermography. Nondestructive testing and evaluation procedures, including methodology and equipment to evaluate concrete bridge decks with asphalt overlays, are also presented and discussed. Current results indicate that a combination of ground penetrating radar and infrared thermography would provide the best methodology for evaluating the structural integrity, e.g., delaminations, of concrete bridge decks with overlays. Furthermore, current results also indicate that the impact-echo method shows promising future development towards the nondestructive evaluation of bridge superstructures.
Download or read book Manual on Service Life of Corrosion damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridge Superstructure Elements written by Ali Akbar Sohanghpurwala and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Automated Framework for Defect Detection in Concrete Bridge Decks Using Fractals and Independent Component Analysis written by Fadi Abu-Amara and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge decks deteriorate over time as a result of deicing salts, freezing-and-thawing, and heavy use, resulting in internal defects. According to a 2006 study by the American Society of Civil Engineers, 29% of bridges in the United States are considered structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a promising non-destructive evaluation technique for assessing subsurface conditions of bridge decks. However, the analysis of GPR scans is typically done manually, where the accuracy of the detection process depends on the technician's trained eye. In this work, a framework is developed to automate the detection, locailzation, and characterization of subsurface defects inside bridge decks. This framework is composed of a fractal-based feature extraction algorithm to detect defective regions, a deconvolution algorithm using banded-ICA to reduce overlapping between reflections and to estimate the depth of defects, and a classification algorithm using principal component analysis to identify main features in defective regions. This framework is implemented and simulated using MATLAB and GPR real scans of simulated concrete bridge decks. This framework, as demonstrated by the experimental results, has the following contributions to the current body of knowledge in ground penetrating radar detection and analysis techniques, and in concrete bridge deck condition assessment: 1) developed a framework that integrated detection, localization, and classificationof subsurface defects inside concrete bridge decks, 2) presented a comparison between the most common fractal methods to determine the most suitable one for bridge deck condition assessment, 3) introduced a fractal-based feature extraction algorithm that is capable of detecting and horizontally labeling defective regions using only the underlying GPR B-scan without the need for a training dataset, 4) developed a deconvolution algorithm using EFICA to detect embedded defects in bridge decks, 5) introduced an automated identification methodology of defective regions which can be integrated into a CAD system that allows for better visual assessment by the maintenance engineer and has the potential to eliminate human interpretation errors and reduce condition assessment time and cost, and 6) presented an investigation and a successful attempt to classify some of the common defects in bridge decks.
Download or read book In situ Assessment of Concrete Bridge Decks and Pavements Using Stress wave Based Methods written by Mengxing Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Concrete infrastructure of United States is aging and deteriorating. Accurate assessment the condition of concrete infrastructure is critical for its maintenance and rehabilitation. Stress-wave based methods, including ultrasonic surface wave (USW) and impact echo (IE), are becoming popular for characterizing defects and mechanical properties of concrete infrastructures. In this dissertation, a comprehensive literature review of seismic wave theory and common types of defects identified in concrete infrastructures, as well as stress-wave based methods used for concrete infrastructure monitoring and characterizing on a selected concrete bridge deck and two concrete pavement segments are present. The utility and reliability of both methods were carefully evaluated and validated based on the comparison analysis with other destructive or non-destructive testing (NDT) methods carried out in the field or laboratory for the same bridge decks and pavement segments, such as the concrete hydro-demolition, drilling, static modulus of elasticity of concrete specimens in compression and ground penetrating radar (GPR). Detailed investigation of the sensitivity and limitation of stress-wave based methods for different types of defects identified in concrete bridge decks and pavements has been performed and presented. The outcome of this study is to expand the knowledge of stress-wave based methods, to better understand their strengths and limitations, to evaluate the reliability and utility of both the USW and IE test results in characterizing and monitoring defects and mechanical properties of concrete infrastructures. The result of this study is most beneficial for transportation agencies and researchers to use stress-wave based methods properly and effectively for further feasibility studies or monitoring of concrete infrastructures"--Abstract, page iv.
Download or read book Infrared Thermography Recent Advances and Future Trends written by Carosena Meola and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012-08-03 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-contact, non-invasive methodology which allows for detection of thermal energy that is radiated from objects in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum, for conversion of such energy into a visible image (such as a surface temperature map). This feature represents a great potential to be exploited in a vast variety of fields from aerospace to civil engineering, to medicine, to agriculture, etc. However, IRT is still not adequately enclosed in industrial instrumentation and there are still potential users who might benefit from the use of such a technique and who are not aware of their existence. This e-book conveys information about basic IRT theory, infrared detectors, signal digitalization and applications of infrared thermography in many fields such as medicine, foodstuff conservation, fluid-dynamics, architecture, anthropology, condition monitoring, non destructive testing and evaluation of materials and structures. The volume promotes an exchange of information between the academic world and industry, and shares methodologies which were independently developed and applied in specific disciplines.
Download or read book Advancements in Evaluating Reliability of Nondestructive Technologies for the Detection of Subsurface Fracture Damage in R C Bridge Decks written by Ali Abed Sultan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last few decades, many efforts have been made to assess the reliability of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies used for the detection of subsurface damage in concrete bridge decks. During these efforts, reliability of NDE technologies has either been described anecdotally, or been solely relegated to the probability of detection (POD) or accuracy estimation. Although these indices are important, most of the previous work did not take into account the probability of false alarm (POFA) of NDE technologies, nor did they investigate the reliability considering multiple threshold settings throughout test results. In addition, the existing body of research has used a limited physical sampling such as coring to validate NDE results. Consequently, the assessments were rather controversial, and there was no general agreement about the reliability of such technologies. Because most diagnosis systems are characterized by noisy data and less than perfect detection characteristics, reliability is to be carefully assessed considering all possible diagnosis output with multiple threshold settings within practical range of applications. In other words, when NDE data do not fall into either of the two obviously defined categories: true positive (TP), meaning the NDE data indicates a defect and there is a defect, or true negative (TN), meaning the NDT data indicates no defect and there is no defect, reliability analysis should also include the two types of incorrect indications: failure to give a positive indication in the presence of a defect (false negative, FN) and giving a positive indication when there is no defect (a false alarm or false positive, FP). The \three decades of NDI reliability assessments" report developed by Karta Technologies, Inc. in 2000 under supervision of the Air Force NDI Office stated that POD alone cannot describe the reliability of NDE technologies unless the probability of false alarm (POFA) is also considered in the analysis. POFA may be induced by noise with several possible sources: human, nature of phenomenon to be measured, and environmental conditions. The report covered nearly 150 reports and manuscripts from over 100 authors. However, a review of research literature reveals that little theoretical work on the reliability assessment in terms of both POD and POFA has been undertaken since then. In this research, the reliability of impact echo (IE), infrared thermography (IRT), and ground penetration radar (GPR) technologies for the detecting of subsurface damage in concrete plate-like members is assessed by using a statistical analysis method called receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The proposed analysis method has the capability to integrate POD and POFA indices over a wide range of decision threshold settings in a single curve, which is useful in assessing trade-off in choosing a threshold and for quantitatively comparing the performance of NDE technologies. This methodology for assessing NDE reliability is intended to provide a more effective means of comparing different technologies used in civil engineering applications, to make the evaluation process of a quantitative scheme, to reduce subjectivity and variability in interpreting NDE data, and to improve sensitivity to extract more information from NDE data. Area under ROC curve (AUC), which is interpreted as the probability of correctly classifying an arbitrarily pair of negative and positive test points, can provide for the desired quantitative reliability index, which can be used to compare the performance of one NDE technology to another. Results of this research obtained from ROC analysis indicate a great ability of IE and IR in detecting subsurface fracture damage such as delamination and debonding. In both technologies, there exist some threshold settings that can provide for a relatively high POD with very low POFA, and consequently, the areas under their ROC curves were very high. Data obtained from GPR testing, on the other hand, indicates that GPR technology has a very limited ability to detect physical damage such as subsurface delamination. This conclusion contrasts with that been argued by a large body of the previous work. However, GPR showed a good sensitivity to the presence of corrosive environments such as moisture and chloride when the concentrations of these factors are above some threshold values that may facilitate the initiation of steel reinforcement corrosion.
Download or read book Public Roads written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Infrared Thermography to Evaluate Concrete Bridge Decks written by Malcolm Kaytiong Lim and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Blind Source Separation for Feature Detection and Segmentation in Ground Penetrating Radar GPR Imaging of Concrete Bridge Decks for Non destructive Condition Assessment written by Vincent Krause and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete bridge decks require periodic condition assessment and preventive maintenance to extend their useful lifespan. Nondestructive evaluation methods such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) are slowly beginning to replace or complement the manual (visual) assessment of bridge conditions for detecting defects at their early stages. However, GPR scans of bridge decks are frequently cluttered with high amplitude reflections from known parts of the bridge deck, which make the detection of defects low amplitude reflections difficult. One such known part is the embedded steel reinforcement bars known as rebar. This dissertation presents a novel approach to the automated detection of defects in concrete bridge decks by removing known reflections such as rebar from GPR scans of reinforced concrete bridge decks. The algorithm detects reflections from rebar with a frequency-domain pulse detection method, groups detected pulses into clusters, interpolates synthetic rebar reflections based on each cluster, and subtracts the synthetic rebar reflection from the original GPR scan data. This algorithm will facilitate the automated, non-destructive condition assessment of bridge decks.
