Download or read book The Dentate Gyrus A Comprehensive Guide to Structure Function and Clinical Implications written by Helen E. Scharfman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dentate gyrus is a part of the brain that has been a topic of intense interest since the beginning of neuroscience, and pioneering studies from the distant and recent past attest to this. One of the reasons for such interest is that this structure provides some of the most remarkable examples of plasticity within the nervous system. In addition, it is critical to normal cognitive function, although exactly how and when is still a question that eludes answers. Furthermore, abnormalities within the dentate gyrus appear to play a role in diverse clinical conditions, from depression to epilepsy and traumatic brain injury. The primary goal of this book is to provide a context, or background, upon which the detailed knowledge of the current era can be appreciated. A series of overviews are provided to clarify essentials related to structural organization and development, cellular components, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, plasticity, and clinical relevance. * Covers the topic comprehensively from anatomy to cellular and systems perspectives* Includes basic research and addresses translational implications, so it will be useful to both researchers in the laboratory and clinicians who conduct experiments in humans* Chapters provide fundamentals, but also details and ample references for further review of the topic

Download or read book The Dentate Gyrus written by Feng-Ru Tang and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the most sensitive regions to various brain insults due to the occurrence of neurogenesis in its subgranular zone. Thus, it may serve as a brain sensor to radiation exposure, chemical and biological toxins, alcohol abuse, smoking, drug treatments, hormone imbalances, stress, pain, hypoxia, brain trauma, malnutrition and aging. DG is also involved in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological and neuropsychological disorders including intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), Alzheimer's disease (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia. Over decades of research, our understanding regarding the function and physiology of the DG is ever-changing. While it is commonly believed that the dentate granule cells are primarily responsible for executing higher brain functions such as learning and memory, there is increasing evidence demonstrating that the glial cells, particularly microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, are also involved in memory formation. Therefore, a book that systematically reviews DG structure, function and health implications is needed to update clinicians and researchers with state-of-the-art knowledge. In the first three chapters of this book, the recent progresses in the study of DG development with relevant molecular mechanisms, the cytoarchitectonics of DG with laminar and sublaminar distribution of different types of neurons and glial cells, as well as afferent and efferent of the DG and their neurophysiological roles will be described respectively. In Chapters 4 and 5, DG as a brain sensor to radiation exposure, and pre- and post-natal radiation-induced DG damage and cognitive impairment will be reviewed accordingly. The involvement of DG in pathogenesis of neurological disorders including TLE and AD will be discussed in Chapters 6 and 7. Finally, in the last two chapters, i.e., Chapters 8 and 9, the roles of DG in the development of neuropsychological disorders including MDD, PTSD and schizophrenia will be presented"--

Download or read book Dentate Gyrus written by Zackery Lowes and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dentate gyrus (DG) is an important part of hippocampal formation and is believed to be involved in a variety of brain functions including episodic and spatial memory and the exploration of novel environments. In several neurodegenerative disorders, significant pathology occurs in the DG which may be involved in the development of clinical dementia. This book discusses the structure of the dentate gyrus as well as the role it plays in diseases and potential health implications.

Download or read book Structure function and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits written by Peter Jonas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hippocampus mediates several higher brain functions, such as learning, memory, and spatial coding. The input region of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, plays a critical role in these processes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the dentate gyrus acts as a preprocessor of incoming information, preparing it for subsequent processing in CA3. For example, the dentate gyrus converts input from the entorhinal cortex, where cells have multiple spatial fields, into the spatially more specific place cell activity characteristic of the CA3 region. Furthermore, the dentate gyrus is involved in pattern separation, transforming relatively similar input patterns into substantially different output patterns. Finally, the dentate gyrus produces a very sparse coding scheme in which only a very small fraction of neurons are active at any one time. How are these unique functions implemented at the level of cells and synapses? Dentate gyrus granule cells receive excitatory neuron input from the entorhinal cortex and send excitatory output to the hippocampal CA3 region via the mossy fibers. Furthermore, several types of GABAergic interneurons are present in this region, providing inhibitory control over granule cell activity via feedback and feedforward inhibition. Additionally, hilar mossy cells mediate an excitatory loop, receiving powerful input from a small number of granule cells and providing highly distributed excitatory output to a large number of granule cells. Finally, the dentate gyrus is one of the few brain regions exhibiting adult neurogenesis. Thus, new neurons are generated and functionally integrated throughout life. How these specific cellular and synaptic properties contribute to higher brain functions remains unclear. One way to understand these properties of the dentate gyrus is to try to integrate experimental data into models, following the famous Hopfield quote: “Build it, and you understand it.” However, when trying this, one faces two major challenges. First, hard quantitative data about cellular properties, structural connectivity, and functional properties of synapses are lacking. Second, the number of individual neurons and synapses to be represented in the model is huge. For example, the dentate gyrus contains ~1 million granule cells in rodents, and ~10 million in humans. Thus, full scale models will be complex and computationally demanding. In this Frontiers Research Topic, we collect important information about cells, synapses, and microcircuit elements of the dentate gyrus. We have put together a combination of original research articles, review articles, and a methods article. We hope that the collected information will be useful for both experimentalists and modelers. We also hope that the papers will be interesting beyond the small world of “dentology,” i.e., for scientists working on other brain areas. Ideally, the dentate gyrus may serve as a blueprint, helping neuroscientists to define strategies to analyze network organization of other brain regions.

Download or read book Dentate Gyrus written by Zackery Lowes and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dentate gyrus (DG) is an important part of hippocampal formation and is believed to be involved in a variety of brain functions including episodic and spatial memory and the exploration of novel environments. In several neurodegenerative disorders, significant pathology occurs in the DG which may be involved in the development of clinical dementia. This book discusses the structure of the dentate gyrus as well as the role it plays in diseases and potential health implications.

Download or read book Hippocampal Microcircuits written by Vassilis Cutsuridis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the 2nd edition of a very well received and popular book that reflects the current state-of-the-art of the ongoing research avenues concerning the hippocampus and processing units bridging the gap between single cell activity, network activity and global brain function. It aims to provide a methodology to anyone interested in developing microcircuit level models of the hippocampus. The book is divided into two thematic areas: (I) Experimental background and (II) Computational analysis. In part I, leading experimental neuroscientists discuss the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as the connectivity and synaptic properties of the various cell types found in the hippocampus. Behaviour-related ensemble activity patterns of morphologically identified neurons in anesthetized and freely moving animals provide insights on the function of the hippocampal areas. In part II, computational neuroscientists present models of the hippocampal microcircuits at various levels of detail (e.g. single cell level, network level, etc.). Synaptomics and connectomics models of hippocampal structures are initially discussed. Then, network models of memory, rhythm generation and spatial navigation are presented, followed by abstract and biophysical models of synaptic plasticity. Network models of hippocampal implicated disorders (epilepsy and schizophrenia) are then detailed and how their network topologies, connectivities and activities change in these diseases. Finally, two chapters are dedicated to describing simulator environments of single neurons and networks currently used by computational neuroscientists in developing their models and modelling tools to parametrically constrain them. This engaging volume is invaluable to experimental and computational neuroscientists, electrical engineers, physicists, mathematicians and others interested in developing microcircuit models of the hippocampus. Graduate level students and trainees in all of these fields can find this book a significant source of information.

Download or read book Sex Differences in the Human Brain their underpinnings and implications written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-03 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Progress in Brain Research documents recent developments and research findings in relation to sex and how the brain’s function and behavior differs from men to women. Specific areas include cerebral function, morphology and organization, sexual dimorphism, neural origins,and genetics and epigenetics, as well as potential causes/affects of stress, pain, sexual orientation and identity and other social issues such as distribution of disorders across the sexes and autism. * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field * Highlights areas for future research * Contributions from leading authorities and industry experts

Download or read book The Mouse Nervous System written by Charles Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mouse Nervous System provides a comprehensive account of the central nervous system of the mouse. The book is aimed at molecular biologists who need a book that introduces them to the anatomy of the mouse brain and spinal cord, but also takes them into the relevant details of development and organization of the area they have chosen to study. The Mouse Nervous System offers a wealth of new information for experienced anatomists who work on mice. The book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. Systematic consideration of the anatomy and connections of all regions of the brain and spinal cord by the authors of the most cited rodent brain atlases A major section (12 chapters) on functional systems related to motor control, sensation, and behavioral and emotional states A detailed analysis of gene expression during development of the forebrain by Luis Puelles, the leading researcher in this area Full coverage of the role of gene expression during development and the new field of genetic neuroanatomy using site-specific recombinases Examples of the use of mouse models in the study of neurological illness

Download or read book The Preservation of Memory written by Davide Bruno and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increase in average life expectancy has given rise to a number of pressing health challenges for the 21st century. Age-related memory loss, whether due to a neurodegenerative condition such as Alzheimer’s disease, or as a product of the normal process of aging, is perhaps the most significant of the health problems of old age presently confronting our society. The Preservation of Memory explores non-invasive, empirically sound strategies that can be implemented to ensure long-lasting and effective retention of information. The chapters in this volume describe and evaluate both well-established and novel methods for improving and strengthening memory, for people with and without dementia. They also look at ways in which effective detection and care can be implemented, and describe empirical findings that can be translated into everyday practice. The contributors take a multidisciplinary approach, motivated by the desire to look beyond and across boundaries to find new areas of knowledge and new opportunities. The Preservation of Memory will be useful reading for students and researchers focusing upon memory, aging and dementia, and also for mental health practitioners, social workers, and carers of persons living with dementia or other memory impairments.

Download or read book Brain Machine Interfaces written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-21 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume follows on from the symposium "Brain Machine Interfaces - Implications for science, clinical practice and society", held on August 26th-29th 2010 in Ystad, Sweden, and features contributions from pioneers and leading scientists in the field of BMI and motor systems physiology, including spinal cord, basal ganglia and motor cortex. The wide range of topics covered include implants for mind control of prostheses and in robotics, clinical and experimental research on Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, depression and Alzheimer’s disease, cochlear implants, retinal implants, novel flexible micro- and nano-electrode implants, safety aspects including acute and chronic tissue reactions to implants and on ethical issues in DBS. Program and abstracts from the individual contributors can be found on http://www.med.lu.se/nrc/bmi_symposium. Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-05-27 with total page 1853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a truly translational area of biomedical investigation, epilepsy research spans an extraordinary breadth of subjects and involves virtually every tool that modern neuroscience has at its disposal. The Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research provides an up to date, comprehensive reference for all epilepsy researchers. With an expert list of authors, the encyclopedia covers the full spectrum of research activities from genes and molecules to animal models and human patients. The encyclopedia's electronic format also provides unparalleled access to frequent updates and additions, while the limited edition print version provides another option for owning this content. The Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research is an essential resource for researchers of all levels and clinicians who study epilepsy. The only comprehensive reference for basic research and current activities in epilepsy Electronic format provides fast and easy access to updates and additions, with limited print version available as well Contains over 85 articles, all written by experts in epilepsy research

Download or read book Neurobiology of Depression written by Francisco Lopez-Munoz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major depressive disorders have recently been associated with impairments in signaling pathways that regulate neuroplasticity and cell survival. Agents designed to directly target molecules in these pathways hold promise as new therapeutics for depression. With the collaboration of the most prestigious international specialists in biochemistry, mol

Download or read book The Central Nervous System Control of Respiration written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiration is one of the most basic motor activities crucial for survival of the individual. It is under total control of the central nervous system, which adjusts respiratory depth and frequency depending on the circumstances the individual finds itself. For this reason this volume not only reviews the basic control systems of respiration, located in the caudal brainstem, but also the higher brain regions, that change depth and frequency of respiration. Scientific knowledge of these systems is crucial for understanding the problems in the many patients suffering from respiratory failure. This well-established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields

Download or read book Odor Memory and Perception written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging and promising subfields. This volume explores interdisciplinary research on invertebrate and vertebrate models of odor memory and perception, as well as human odor memory and perception. This book brings together a collection of authors that cut across model systems, techniques, levels of analysis and questions to highlight important and exciting advances in the area of olfactory memory and perception. The chapters highlight the unique aspects of olfactory system anatomy, local circuit function, odor coding and plasticity. The authors are leading authorities in the field. Written by the leading researchers in the field of olfactory perception and memory Includes diverse models systems from invertebrates to humans Includes diverse technical approaches to the study of olfactory memory and perception Includes overview of the most recent research advances in this field

Download or read book Cerebellar Learning written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience, firmly established as an extensive documentation of the advances in contemporary brain research. The volumes, some of which are derived from important international symposia, contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry, and the behavioral sciences. This volume, The Cerebellum and Memory Formation: Structure, Computation and Function, covers topics including feedback control of cerebellar learning; cortico-cerebellar organization and skill acquisition; cerebellar plasticity and learning in the oculomotor system, and more. Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research The volume reflects current thinking about the ways in which the cerebellum can engage in learning, and the contributors come from a variety of research fields The chapters express perspectives from different levels of analysis that range from molecular and cellular mechanisms through to long-range systems that allow the cerebellum to communicate with other brain areas

Download or read book Human Sleep and Cognition Part II written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a critical, bidirectional relationship between sleep and cognition, yet the literature in this area is scattered, and it is surprisingly difficult to find a comprehensive overview of the basic principles, latest discoveries, and outstanding challenges. This issue of Progress in Brain Research is split over 2 volumes, bringing together cutting-edge research on the topic in the basic, clinical and applied sciences. The 2 volumes review current knowledge and understanding, provide a starting point for researchers and practitioners entering the field, and build a platform for further research and discovery. Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

Download or read book Dopamine written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Brain Research is a well-established international series examining major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging and promising subfields. This volume, concentrates on state-of-the-art of dopamine research: from basic science to clinical applications. It covers topics including thalamostriatal synapses as a substrate for dopamine action; the multilingual nature of dopamine neurons; ethanol-mechanisms along the mesolimbic dopamine system, and much more.Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience, firmly established as an extensive documentation of the advances in contemporary brain research. The volumes, some of which are derived from important international symposia, contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry, and the behavioral sciences. The most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience This volume looks at dopamine research in the light of the newest scholarly discoveries and insights