Download or read book The Experiment written by Eric Lee and published by Zed Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many the Russian Revolution of 1917 was a symbol of hope. In the eyes of its critics, however, Soviet authoritarianism and the horrors of the gulags have led to the revolution becoming synonymous with oppression, threatening to forever taint the very idea of socialism. The experience of Georgia, which declared its independence from Russia in 1918, tells a different story. In this riveting history, Eric Lee explores the little-known saga of the country’s experiment in democratic socialism, detailing the epic, turbulent events of this forgotten chapter in revolutionary history. Along the way, we are introduced to a remarkable cast of characters – among them the men and women who strove for a more inclusive vision of socialism that featured multi-party elections, freedom of speech and assembly, a free press and a civil society grounded in trade unions and cooperatives. Though the Georgian Democratic Republic lasted for just three years before it was brutally crushed on the orders of Stalin, it was able to offer, however briefly, a glimpse of a more humane alternative to the Soviet reality that was to come.
Download or read book The Making of Modern Georgia 1918 2012 written by Stephen F. Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When most of Eastern Europe was struggling with dictatorships of one kind or another, the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1921) established a constitution, a parliamentary system with national elections, an active opposition, and a free press. Like the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918, its successors emerged after 1991 from a bankrupt empire, and faced, yet again, the task of establishing a new economic, political and social system from scratch. In both 1918 and 1991, Georgia was confronted with a hostile Russia and followed a pro-Western and pro-democratic course. The top regional experts in this book explore the domestic and external parallels between the Georgian post-colonial governments of the early twentieth and twenty-first centuries. How did the inexperienced Georgian leaders in both eras deal with the challenge of secessionism, what were their state building strategies, and what did democracy mean to them? What did their electoral systems look like, why were their economic strategies so different, and how did they negotiate with the international community neighbouring threats. These are the central challenges of transitional governments around the world today. Georgia’s experience over one hundred years suggests that both history and contemporary political analysis offer the best (and most interesting) explanation of the often ambivalent outcomes.
Download or read book Georgia and the International Treaties of 1918 1921 written by Andrew Andersen and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-17 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major goal of this book is to familiarize both fellow historians and a wider audience with the international treaties that regulated the status and boundaries of the Georgian Democratic Republic throughout the period between the fall of the Russian Empire and the creation of the Soviet Union. This book also covers the most important political events, conflicts and wars that were taking place during the specified period both in Georgia as well as in the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean. It also includes brief excursions into the history and ethnography of a number of the territories which were disputed at the time of preparation and conclusion of the aforementioned treaties (some of those territories have been still disputed). This book may also serve as a key to the resolution of contemporary conflicts which threaten the stability of Georgia and the South Caucasus in general.
Download or read book Ethnic Racial and Religious Conflicts and Their Impact on State and Social Security written by Emilia Alaverdov and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book studies religion and ethnicity and how it influences various social strata and groups in the formation of a civil position and identity, knowledge of the conflict preconditions, and the ways of conflict avoidance to create a solid base for ethnic and religious integration"--
Download or read book State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus written by Charlotte Hille and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-04-16 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State building processes in the Caucasus are influenced by the culture of the Caucasus, and previous experiences with state building after World War I. The conflicts which erupted at the time have influenced territorial claims. The role of foreign powers as Russia, the United States, Turkey, Germany is considerable in the region. Divide and rule policy of Joseph Stalin is another factor which describes existing animosities between peoples in the Caucasus. Since 1989 a transition process, or state building process, has started in the North and the South Caucasus. This book gives an in-depth analysis of the backgrounds of the conflicts, including activities by IGO's and NGOs, and the developments in international law with regard to state building practice.
Download or read book Georgia written by Stephen F. Jones and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2020 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multidisciplinary collection provides a unique insiders' perspective on the major issues in Georgian politics, society, and economics in the twenty-five years since its independence from the Soviet Union.
Download or read book Socialism in Georgian Colors written by Stephen F. Jones and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005-11 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Georgian social democracy was the most successful social democratic movement in Russia. Despite its size, it produced many of the leading revolutionaries of 1917. In the first of two volumes, Jones writes the history of this movement, which represented one of the earliest examples of European social democracy at the turn of the 20th century.
Download or read book Anarchist Encounters written by Emma Goldman and published by Anarres Editions. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Texts by Armando Borghi, Gaston Leval, âAngel Pestaäna Nâuänez, and Vilkens are newly translated into English" -- page 4 of the cover.
Download or read book The Geography of Georgia written by Igor V. Bondyrev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the political and economic history and geography of Georgia, the problems it has faced, and how it has overcome and is still overcoming them. In most countries, at the end of the 20th century the successful resolution of social-economic, political, demographic and ecological problems was largely dependent on effectively protecting the population and economic assets from natural disasters and on ensuring conditions for their sustainable development. These problems are most acute in mountainous regions like Georgia, where the unplanned development of natural ecosystems has had drastic consequences. It is therefore necessary to understand not only the probability of changing conditions (natural as well as political and demographic), but also the probability of the resulting economic losses. The book is divided into four sections; historical and political geography, geological processes, ecological processes and developmental geography. In the historical and political geography section the authors present a detailed discussion on ancient history, historical and political geography, ethnic groups and religions, demographics and socio-cultural geography. The geological processes section contains information on geology, geodynamical processes, glacial and periglacial processes. The ecological processes section examines a variety of landscapes and ecosystems, aspects of deforestation, reforestation and desertification along with anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The developmental geography section looks at different economies, natural resources, sustainable development and climate change.
Download or read book Clientelism and Nationality in an Early Soviet Fiefdom written by Timothy K. Blauvelt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-30 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on extensive original research, this book tells the astonishing story of early Soviet Abkhazia and of its leader, the charismatic Bolshevik revolutionary Nestor Lakoba. A tiny republic on the Black Sea coast of the USSR, Abkhazia became a vacation retreat for Party leaders and a major producer of tobacco. Nestor Lakoba became the unquestioned boss of Abkhazia, constructing a powerful local ethnic "machine" that became an influential component of Soviet patronage politics, provoking along the way accusations of nepotism, corruption, blood feuds, embezzlement, racketeering, and extrajudicial murder on a scale that shocked even hardened Communist Party investigators. Lakoba and his group faced a series of trials, investigatory commissions, and tribunals over allegations of malfeasance, yet they were repeatedly able to convince their powerful patrons of their irreplaceability, until at last they were destroyed through a public show trial during the peak of the Stalinist Terror. Through the prism of tiny Abkhazia, this book provides invaluable insights into the nature of the early Soviet system and the governance of Soviet national republics.
Download or read book Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 1324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Independence of Georgia in International Politics 1918 1921 written by Zurab Avalov and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modernism in Kyiv written by Irene Rima Makaryk and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `Modernism in Kyiv restores the multicultural city of Kyiv to its rightful position as a major player in the dialogue and cross-pollination of ideas occurring between important modernist figures in centres such as Paris, New York, London, and Vienna. Engaging and highly readable, this collection is impressive in its scope, depth, and breadth.' The study of modernism has been largely focused on Western cultural centres such as Paris, Vienna, London, and New York. Extravagantly illustrated with over 300 photos and reproductions, Modernism in Kyiv demonstrates that the Ukrainian capital was a major centre of performing and visual arts as well as literary and cultural activity. While arguing that Kyiv's modernist impulse is most prominently displayed in the experimental work of Les Kurbas, one of the masters of the early Soviet stage, the contributors also examine the history of the city and the artistic production of diverse groups including Ukrainians, Russians, Jews, and Poles. Until now a silent presence in Western accounts of the cultural topography of modernism, multicultural Kyiv is here revealed in its historical, intellectual, and artistic complexity. Excerpts taken from the works of artists, writers, and critics as well as the numerous illustrations help give life to the exciting creativity of this period. The first book-length examination of this subject, Modernism in Kyiv is a breakthrough accomplishment that will become a standard volume in the field.
Download or read book Georgian Foreign Policy written by Korneli Kakačʻia and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Freedom in the World 2006 written by Freedom House and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2006 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freedom in the World, the Freedom House flagship survey whose findings have been published annually since 1972, is the standard-setting comparative assessment of global political rights and civil liberties. The survey ratings and narrative reports on 192 countries and a group of select territories are used by policy makers, the media, international corporations, and civic activists and human rights defenders to monitor trends in democracy and track improvements and setbacks in freedom worldwide. Press accounts of the survey findings appear in hundreds of influential newspapers in the United States and abroad and form the basis of numerous radio and television reports. The Freedom in the World political rights and civil liberties ratings are determined through a multi-layered process of research and evaluation by a team of regional analysts and eminent scholars. The analysts used a broad range of sources of information, including foreign and domestic news reports, academic studies, nongovernmental organizations, think tanks, individual professional contacts, and visits to the region, in conducting their research. The methodology of the survey is derived in large measure from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and these standards are applied to all countries and territories, irrespective of geographical location, ethnic or religious composition, or level of economic development.
Download or read book Freedom in the World 2004 written by Aili Piano and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freedom in the World contains both comparative ratings and written narratives and is now the standard reference work for measuring the progress and decline in political rights and civil liberties on a global basis.
Download or read book Georgia written by Peter Skinner (Historian) and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-15 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Georgia: The Land Below the Caucasus is history of the Black Sea kingdom from its entry into Western consciousness during the last centuries BC to the Soviet occupation of 1921. Situated between Europe and Asia, Georgia has been a stepchild of history. The nation, which adopted Christianity in 337, has survived Roman, Arab, Seljuk, Mongol, Timurid, Persian, Turkish and Russian invasions. Yet the heroic kings, generals, saints, martyrs, writers, poets, artists and craftsmen who have given Georgia a history rich in achievement and culture are little known. Georgia's historic cities, castles and cathedrals are seldom depicted and her towering mountain ranges, alpine valleys, and subtropical coast remain little known. This book reweaves Georgia's colorful and complex history into a narrative that gives due weight to leading figures and key events but also touches upon the underlying society of humbler souls and less dramatic forces. The narrative recounts Georgia's great struggle--against all odds--for national and cultural independence. The nation's rôle as a force in early Christianity, her embassies to the courts of the Mongol khans, to the Russian tsars, the monarchs of Europe, and to the popes are all presented. Georgia's wars with Persia, Turkey and Russia - particularly the annexation of 1801 - are covered, as is the impact of the Crimean and the First World War. The Georgian rôle as a Menshevik force in the Russian Revolution and the short-lived independent Democratic Republic of Georgia, 1918-21, are treated in lively detail. Eevents and action predominate, but without neglect of Georgia's rich legacy of scholarship, literature and poetry. In its 500 pages, Georgia: The Land Below the Caucasus draws upon not only the few established but often hard-to-find accounts but also introduces many hitherto unknown or neglected sources. The book includes 20 specially commissioned full-page, full-color maps, 24 color plates, 6 dynastic/chronological charts and over 100 b&w illustrations. Notes, a full bibliography and an extensive index add to the book's value as resource for scholars, general readers and visitors to and from Georgia.
