Download or read book The Transformation of Title IX written by R. Shep Melnick and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One civil rights-era law has reshaped American society—and contributed to the country's ongoing culture wars Few laws have had such far-reaching impact as Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Intended to give girls and women greater access to sports programs and other courses of study in schools and colleges, the law has since been used by judges and agencies to expand a wide range of antidiscrimination policies—most recently the Obama administration’s 2016 mandates on sexual harassment and transgender rights. In this comprehensive review of how Title IX has been implemented, Boston College political science professor R. Shep Melnick analyzes how interpretations of "equal educational opportunity" have changed over the years. In terms accessible to non-lawyers, Melnick examines how Title IX has become a central part of legal and political campaigns to correct gender stereotypes, not only in academic settings but in society at large. Title IX thus has become a major factor in America's culture wars—and almost certainly will remain so for years to come.

Download or read book Class Size Reduction Teacher Quality and Academic Achievement in California Public Elementary Schools written by Christopher Jepsen and published by Public Policy Instit. of CA. This book was released on 2002-05-01 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rethinking Class Size The complex story of impact on teaching and learning written by Peter Blatchford and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate over whether class size matters for teaching and learning is one of the most enduring, and aggressive, in education research. Teachers often insist that small classes benefit their work. But many experts argue that evidence from research shows class size has little impact on pupil outcomes, so does not matter, and this dominant view has informed policymaking internationally. Here, the lead researchers on the world’s biggest study into class size effects present a counter-argument. Through detailed analysis of the complex relations involved in the classroom they reveal the mechanisms that support teachers’ experience, and conclude that class size matters very much indeed. Drawing on 20 years of systematic classroom observations, surveys of practitioners, detailed case studies and extensive reviews of research, Peter Blatchford and Anthony Russell contend that common ways of researching the impact of class size are limited and sometimes misguided. While class size may have no direct effect on pupil outcomes, it has, they say, significant force through interconnections with classroom processes. In describing these connections, the book opens up the everyday world of the classroom and shows that the influence of class size is everywhere. It impacts on teaching, grouping practices and classroom management, the quality of peer relations, tasks given to pupils, and on the time teachers have for marking, assessments and understanding the strengths and challenges for individual pupils. From their analysis, the authors develop a new social pedagogical model of how class size influences work, and identify policy conclusions and implications for teachers and schools.

Download or read book The Cost of Class Size Reduction written by Robert E. Reichardt and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Class-size reduction (CSR) in California was a popular, rapidly implemented reform that improved student performance. This dissertation provides information to state-level policy makers that will help them avoid two implementation problems seen in California's CSR implementation. The first problem was with flat, per student reimbursement scheme did not adequately cover costs in districts with larger pre-CSR class-sizes or smaller schools. To help policy-makers understand the relationship between existing conditions at schools, policy choices, and costs, four simple "rules of thumb" were created through analysis of a simulation of CSR in seven Florida school districts. At a classroom cost of $53,000, the "rules of thumb" per student cost for CSR is a $435 for reduction to 20, double for reduction to 17 and triple for reduction to 15 when existing class size is 24. These "rules of thumb" and three other reimbursement strategies are evaluated for their ability to adequately estimate reimbursements for the cost of CSR. The strategy used in California, of a flat per student reimbursement, was the least efficient. Strategies using district information on costs, class sizes, and enrollments are adequate for reimbursing districts. The "rules of thumb" was the most robust strategy for reimbursing schools. A second problem seen in California was a decrease in the qualification level of the kindergarten through third teacher workforce. The largest decrease were in schools with higher concentrations of low-income or minority students. Modeling the flow of K-3 teachers during the first year of CSR shows within district transfers create more vacancies in schools with more minority students. Vacancies were then more likely to be filled with unqualified teachers. Potential policy responses to this problem are to not fill classrooms created by CSR with transfer teachers, and to provide incentives for teachers to remain in schools that are difficult to staff.

Download or read book Earning and Learning written by Susan E. Mayer and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this book report estimates of the effects of learning on earnings and other life outcomes. They also examine whether particular aspects of schooling--such as the age at which children begin school, classroom size, and curriculum--or structural reform--such as national or statewide examinations or school choice--affect learning.

Download or read book Estimating the Cost of National Class Size Reductions Under Different Policy Alternatives written by Dominic J. Brewer and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors estimate the operational costs of nationwide class size reduction (CSR) programs under various policy alternatives, including the specified class size, flexibility in implementation, and whether the policy is targeted toward at-risk students. Depending on the specific options chosen, the estimated costs vary from about $2 billion per year to over $11 billion per year. These estimates could be further increased by teacher salary hikes necessitated by the rapid increase in the demand for teachers that results from CSR. Policymakers considering such a policy on a large scale should question whether it is the most cost-effective way of boosting student achievement.

Download or read book Class Size written by Peter Blatchford and published by Asia-Europe Education Dialogue. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part VI Future developments -- 18 Eastern and Western approaches to class size: Conclusions and future directions -- Index

Download or read book The Good School written by Peg Tyre and published by Henry Holt and Company. This book was released on 2011-08-16 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Award-winning education journalist Peg Tyre mines up-to-the-minute research to equip parents with the tools and knowledge necessary to get their children the best education possible We all know that the quality of education served up to our children in U.S. schools ranges from outstanding to shockingly inadequate. How can parents tell the difference? And how do they make sure their kids get what's best? Even the most involved and informed parents can feel overwhelmed and confused when making important decisions about their child's education. And the scary truth is that evaluating a school based on test scores and college admissions data is like selecting a car based on the color of its paint. Synthesizing cutting-edge research and firsthand reporting, Peg Tyre offers parents far smarter and more sophisticated ways to assess a classroom and decide if the school and the teacher have the right stuff. Passionate and persuasive, The Good School empowers parents to make sense of headlines; constructively engage teachers, administrators, and school boards; and figure out the best option for their child—be that a local public school, a magnet program, a charter school, homeschooling, parochial, or private.

Download or read book School and Classroom Organization written by Robert E. Slavin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1989 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book The False Promise of Class size Reduction written by Matthew M. Chingos and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vouchers Class Size Reduction and Student Achievement written by Alex Molnar and published by Phi Delta Kappa International. This book was released on 2000 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Class size Reduction written by Douglas D. Ready and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Class Size Debate written by Blatchford, Peter and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a very important book which may become a classic. The research study is remarkable in its magnitude, breadth and duration.... it is described in a form accessible to practitioners and policy makers." - Professor Jeremy D. Finn, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA "This fascinating book is one that should be compulsory reading for student teachers... It also provides challenge and insight for experienced teachers. ...a stimulating source of evidence which will challenge people to consider their own approaches and what might constitute good practice. ...an important contribution to the class size debate." - Inservice Journal One of the most important debates in education in recent years has been about the effects of class size differences in schools. This book provides the most complete analysis to date of the educational consequences of class size differences, and sets out to solve the puzzling gap between professional experience and research findings. This book: Examines results from a pioneering research project of international significance, unique in its scale and methodology Investigates the relationships between class size and pupil achievements by detailed examination of classroom processes Considers the view that small classes provide better teaching and learning, and why this is not supported by past research findings Identifies implications for policy at government, LEA and school level, teacher education and professional development Indicates implications for practice - maximising opportunities of small classes and minimising problems in large classes. Written in an accessible style and drawing upon examples from classroom life, this book is important reading for student and practising primary school teachers, M.Ed and doctoral students, teacher educators, researchers and policymakers.

Download or read book Teaching Large Classes written by Elisa Lynn Carbone and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1998-05-27 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this useful and practical book, Elisa Carbone offers a wealth of sound advice on how to deal with a large class, from the first day to end of term evaluations. Full of examples taken from many different disciplines, Teaching Large Classes will be an ideal companion for any teacher facing the challenge of the large introductory class.

Download or read book The Cost Effectiveness of 22 Approaches for Raising Student Achievement written by Stuart S. Yeh and published by IAP. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a consequence of the federal "No Child Left Behind" (NCLB) law, there is tremendous pressure on school principals, teachers, school superintendents, district staff, state departments of education and governors to maximize the increase in student achievement that is obtained with every dollar of expenditure. Currently, teachers are forced to rely on extremely inefficient approaches that take enormous amounts of time, both during the school day and throughout the K-12 learning years. This is experienced in terms of the reduced time that is available to teach subjects other than math and reading, as schools resort to double periods of math, double periods of reading, and enormous amounts of remedial instruction that directly reduce the time available for other subjects including science, art, and music. In contrast, this book suggests that student achievement may be increased in a way that is not only cost-effective in dollar terms, but efficient in the sense that it does not rely on unusual investments in the time required to obtain results. The book draws upon a wealth of cost-effectiveness data to dispel common notions about "what works" in addressing the achievement gap: increased expenditure per pupil, charter schools, voucher programs, increased educational accountability, class size reduction, comprehensive school reform, increased teacher salaries, more selective teacher recruitment, the use of "value-added" methods to measure and reward teacher performance, the use of National Board teacher certification to identify high-performing teachers, and a host of other approaches.

Download or read book Crossing the Finish Line written by William G. Bowen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why so many of America's public university students are not graduating—and what to do about it The United States has long been a model for accessible, affordable education, as exemplified by the country's public universities. And yet less than 60 percent of the students entering American universities today are graduating. Why is this happening, and what can be done? Crossing the Finish Line provides the most detailed exploration ever of college completion at America's public universities. This groundbreaking book sheds light on such serious issues as dropout rates linked to race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Probing graduation rates at twenty-one flagship public universities and four statewide systems of public higher education, the authors focus on the progress of students in the entering class of 1999—from entry to graduation, transfer, or withdrawal. They examine the effects of parental education, family income, race and gender, high school grades, test scores, financial aid, and characteristics of universities attended (especially their selectivity). The conclusions are compelling: minority students and students from poor families have markedly lower graduation rates—and take longer to earn degrees—even when other variables are taken into account. Noting the strong performance of transfer students and the effects of financial constraints on student retention, the authors call for improved transfer and financial aid policies, and suggest ways of improving the sorting processes that match students to institutions. An outstanding combination of evidence and analysis, Crossing the Finish Line should be read by everyone who cares about the nation's higher education system.

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness Analysis written by Henry M. Levin and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2001 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cost-effectiveness analysis allows researchers and evaluators to determine if a particular program or policy has attained maximum effectiveness for a given budget. This book introduces cost-effectiveness analysis and gives readers step-by-step methods to plan and implement a cost-analysis study. It explains and illustrates the four major techniques : cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, cost-utility, and cost-feasibility. It discusses choice of analysis, implementation, the nature of costs (including how to identify, measure, and distribute costs); measuring effectiveness, utility, and benefits; and, lastly the difficulties of including cost evaluations in the decision making process. Each chapter ends with exercises that enable readers to sharpen their ability to evaluate policy options and program effectiveness.