Download or read book The Cost and Performance of Paid Agricultural Extension Services written by Ariel Dinar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experience in Nicaragua with paid extension services-also known as private, commercial, or cofinanced extension services-shows that even poor farmers are willing to pay for a service that improves their economic efficiency and ability to earn a living. Budgets for extension services have been reduced in many countries. One response to these reductions in public services in some countries has been to privatize extension services-with extension services provided, for a fee, by either public agencies or private companies. Under the new approach, producers become clients instead of beneficiaries. Dinar and Keynan examine ways to measure the cost of providing paid-extension services and its performance and apply these indicators to data on Nicaragua, where paid extension has existed for several years. Data were insufficient to compare the quality of privately and publicly provided extension services, but available data suggest that the costs of extension have declined over time. Results suggest that paid extension is feasible and has a positive impact, even in a relatively poor country such as Nicaragua. The national system for agricultural technology-transfer services was redesigned to include three main modules: * Mass media and free demonstrations. * Cofinanced extension services. * Private extension services. The relatively high cost recovery rates in Nicaragua and the economic performance of the two paid programs show that even poor farmers are willing to pay for a service that improves their economic efficiency and ability to earn a living. To the surprise of everyone involved, Nicaragua's producer clients understood that without cost-sharing, the system would not endure. This paper-a joint product of the Sector Leadership Group, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, and the Rural Development Department-is part of a larger effort in the Bank to implement policies in the context of the Agricultural Technology and Land Management Project in Nicaragua. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] and [email protected].
Download or read book The Cost and Performance of Paid Agricultural Extension Services written by Dinar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cost and Performance of Paid Agricultural Extension Services written by Ariel Dinar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experience in Nicaragua with paid extension services-also known as private, commercial, or cofinanced extension services-shows that even poor farmers are willing to pay for a service that improves their economic efficiency and ability to earn a living.Budgets for extension services have been reduced in many countries. One response to these reductions in public services in some countries has been to privatize extension services-with extension services provided, for a fee, by either public agencies or private companies. Under the new approach, producers become clients instead of beneficiaries.Dinar and Keynan examine ways to measure the cost of providing paid-extension services and its performance and apply these indicators to data on Nicaragua, where paid extension has existed for several years.Data were insufficient to compare the quality of privately and publicly provided extension services, but available data suggest that the costs of extension have declined over time. Results suggest that paid extension is feasible and has a positive impact, even in a relatively poor country such as Nicaragua. The national system for agricultural technology-transfer services was redesigned to include three main modules:Mass media and free demonstrations.Cofinanced extension services.Private extension services.The relatively high cost recovery rates in Nicaragua and the economic performance of the two paid programs show that even poor farmers are willing to pay for a service that improves their economic efficiency and ability to earn a living. To the surprise of everyone involved, Nicaragua`s producer clients understood that without cost-sharing, the system would not endure.This paper-a joint product of the Sector Leadership Group, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, and the Rural Development Department-is part of a larger effort in the Bank to implement policies in the context of the Agricultural Technology and Land Management Project in Nicaragua. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] and [email protected].
Download or read book rural extension services written by Jock R. Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural extension Global status and performance in selected countries written by Davis, Kristin E., ed. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural transformation and development are critical to the livelihoods of more than a billion small-scale farmers and other rural people in developing countries. Extension and advisory services play an important role in such transformation and can assist farmers with advice and information, brokering and facilitating innovations and relationships, and dealing with risks and disasters. Agricultural Extension: Global Status and Performance in Selected Countries provides a global overview of agricultural extension and advisory services, assesses and compares extension systems at the national and regional levels, examines the performance of extension approaches in a selected set of country cases, and shares lessons and policy insights. Drawing on both primary and secondary data, the book contributes to the literature on extension by applying a common and comprehensive framework — the “best-fit” approach — to assessments of extension systems, which allows for comparison across cases and geographies. Insights from the research support reforms — in governance, capacity, management, and advisory methods — to improve outcomes, enhance financial sustainability, and achieve greater scale. Agricultural Extension should be a valuable resource for policymakers, extension practitioners, and others concerned with agricultural development.
Download or read book Handbook of Agricultural Economics written by Robert E. Evenson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-06-28 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 3 of this series of the Handbooks in Economics follows on from the previous two volumes by focusing on the fundamental concepts of agricultural economics. The first part of the volume examines the developments in human resources and technology mastery. The second part follows on by considering the processes and impact of invention and innovation in this field. The effects of market forces are examined in the third part, and the volume concludes by analysing the economics of our changing natural resources, including the past effects of climate change.Overall this volume forms a comprehensive and accessible survey of the field of agricultural economics and is recommended reading for anyone with an interest, either academic or professional, in this area.*Part of the renown Handbooks in Economics series*Contributors are leaders of their areas*International in scope and comprehensive in coverage
Download or read book Basic Education and Agricultural Extension written by H. D. Perraton and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of papers addresses a single theme: the effectiveness of traditional methods of agricultural extension and basic education and the value of alternative approaches using the mass media. The research has found: (i) that farmers' educational level is positively and significantly related to farm management, but the relationship between extension services and farm management is unclear; and (ii) radio can be a cost-effective way of providing or supporting formal education. Two papers review the literature on the subject, and three case studies follow. The papers conclude that, although the evidence on extension services and on the use of mass media is mixed, there is a case for expanding and improving the use of mass media, both as a support to extension services, and as a way of reaching farmers, including women farmers. Further research into the modalities of using mass media, the best ways of combining media, and the linking of mass media with extension services is recommended.
Download or read book Rural Extension Services written by Jock R. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anderson and Feder analyze the considerations that lead policymakers to undertake extension investments as a key public responsibility, as well as the complex set of factors and intra-agency incentives that explain why different extension systems' performance vary. The authors provide a conceptual framework outlining farmers' demand for information, the welfare economic characterizations of extension services, and the organizational and political attributes that govern the performance of extension systems. They use the conceptual framework to examine several extension modalities and to analyze their likely and actual effectiveness. Specifically, the modalities reviewed include quot;training and visitquot; extension, decentralized systems, quot;fee-for-servicequot; and privatized extension, and farmer-field-schools. The authors also discuss methodological issues pertaining to the assessment of extension outcomes and review the empirical literature on extension impact. They emphasize the efficiency gains that can come from locally decentralized delivery systems with incentive structures based largely on private provision that in most poorer countries is still publicly-funded. In wealthier countries, and for particular higher income farmer groups, extension systems will likely evolve into fee-for-service organizations. This paper - a joint product of the Agriculture and Rural Development Department and Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to study the opportunities and challenges facing agricultural extension.
Download or read book Agricultural extension and rural advisory services What have we learned What s next written by Davis, Kristin E. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural extension provides the critical connection from agricultural innovation and discovery to durable improvements at scale, as farmers and other actors in the rural economy learn, adapt, and innovate with new technologies and practices. However, lack of capacity and performance of agricultural extension in lower- and middle-income countries is an ongoing concern. Research on agricultural extension and advisory services (in short, extension) has been an integral part of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) since its inception. This brief synthesizes key findings from research funded by and linked to PIM from 2012 to 2021, presenting lessons learned and a vision for the future of extension. A list of all PIM-related extension and advisory services research is provided at the end. Designing and implementing effective provision of extension is complex, and efforts to strengthen extension services often fall into a trap of adopting “best practice” blueprint approaches that are not well-tailored to local conditions. An expansive literature examines the promises and pitfalls of common approaches, including training-and-visit extension systems, farmer field schools, and many others (Anderson and Feder 2004; Anderson et al. 2006; Waddington and White 2014; Scoones and Thompson 2009). To understand extension systems and build evidence for what works and where, the “best-fit” framework, a widely recognized approach developed by Birner and colleagues (2009) and adapted by Davis and Spielman (2017), offers a simple impact chain approach (Figure 1). The framework focuses on a defined set of extension service characteristics that affect performance: governance structures and funding; organizational and management capacities and cultures; methods; and community engagement — all of which are subject to external factors such as the policy environment, agroecological conditions, and farming-system heterogeneity. To enhance extension performance and, ultimately, a wide range of outcomes and impacts, new and innovative interventions can be applied and adapted within this set of extension characteristics.
Download or read book Skills for Improved Productivity Employment Growth and Development written by and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how, within a decent work perspective, countries can develop their skills base so as to increase both the quantity and the productivity of labour employed in the economy.
Download or read book The impact of agricultural extension services in the context of a heavily subsidized input system written by Ragasa, Catherine and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-01-08 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper aims to test this hypothesis and to contribute to better understanding of strategies to revitalize the agricultural extension system in Malawi. Specifically, it examines the interplay between the fertilizer subsidy and access to extension services, and their impact on farm productivity and food security in Malawi. Results show that the fertilizer subsidy has inconsistent impact on farm productivity and food security; at the same time, access to agricultural advice was consistently insignificant in explaining farm productivity and food security. Further analysis, however, shows that when access to extension services is unpacked to include indicators of usefulness and farmers’ satisfaction, these indicators were statistically significant. Households who reported that they received very useful agricultural advice had greater productivity and greater food security than those who reported receiving advice that they considered not useful. This result implies the need to ensure the provision of relevant and useful agricultural advice to increase the likelihood of achieving agricultural development outcomes
Download or read book Criteria for Determining Financial Support of County Agricultural Extension Work in Texas written by Daniel C. Pfannstiel and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Agricultural Extension Services written by François Orivel and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extension Service Review written by United States. Federal Extension Service and published by . This book was released on 1930 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effectiveness of Extension in Reaching Rural People written by Meredith Chester Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Economic Case Study of Cost recovery Commercialization and Privatization of Agricultural Extension Services written by Ardian Harri and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public and Private Agricultural Extension written by Dina Umali-Deininger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper 236. Agricultural support services play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity. Given the importance of agriculture to developing countries, governments have taken the lead in providing such services. This study examines the roles of the public and private sectors in the delivery of agricultural support services. It analyzes how the evolving structure of the agricultural sector has led to increased specialization of farm technology and information needs. These results subsequently created opportunities for privatization of agricultural extension services. The authors develop a framework for defining the most economically efficient channel for delivering agricultural extension services and the rational roles for the public and private sector.
