Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition provides an up-to-date summary of the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, dealing with their origin, propagation, and composition,. The authors reflect the enormous strides made since the first edition in the realm of experimental work, in particular the use of vastly improved, more sensitive and precise detectors. The level remains introductory and pedagogical, suitable for students and researchers interested in moving into this exciting field. Throughout the text, the authors focus on giving an introductory overview of the key physics issues, followed by a clear and concise description of experimental approaches and current results. Key Features: Updates the most coherent summary of the field available, with new text that provides the reader with clear historical context. Brand new discussion of contemporary space-based experiments and ideas for extending ground-based detectors. Completely new discussion of radio detection methods. Includes a new chapter on small to intermediate-scale anisotropy. Offers new sections on modern hadronic models and software packages to simulate showers.
Download or read book The Cosmic Ray Spectrum at the Highest Energy written by Alessio Gorgi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory aims to study the ultra high energy cosmic rays with energies above 1 EeV. To get an accurate measurement of the characteristic of the extensive air showers that the cosmic rays generate in the atmosphere, the Observatory uses a hybrid technique. In this work we have studied the detector performance, including trigger and hardware efficiencies. We have optimized the event selection and estimated the efficiency of the detector acceptance. Uncertainties for event reconstruction were evaluated and propagated to the measured energy spectrum. We have shown that some stations that are not courrently considered part of the event can be included in the event selection procedure. We have studied the effect of loosing the signal of one of the three photomultipliers due to some failure, or the effect of the saturation of the ADC channels or of the photomultiplier to the reconstruction accuracy. The reconstruction uncertainty was also studied in case of ``normal'' events using a method based on fluctuations, to cross-check the results obtained using the fit accuracies. An evaluation of the trigger efficiency was also performed in case one of the three photomultipliers is missing. We have shown that the problems related to the instrumental apparatus only reduce the efficiency where it is not already 100\% and in most of the cases the reconstruction uncertainties are only slightly affected. Furthermore this work gives the first indication that the reconstruction uncertainties of the surface detector data do not change the index of the power law of the measured cosmic rays spectrum.
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic ray physics has recently attracted a great deal of attention from the high energy physics community because of the discovery of new sources and the advent of new techniques. The result of a series of lectures prepared for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, this book is a general introduction to experimental techniques and results in the field of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. It succinctly summarizes the rapidly developing field, and provides modern results that include data from newer detectors. Combining experiment and theory, the text explores the results of a single, easy-to-understand experiment to tie together various issues involved in the physics of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.
Download or read book A Break in the Highest Energy Cosmic Ray Spectrum written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experimental data seem to indicate that there is significant structure in the cosmic ray spectrum above 1018 electron volts (eV). Besides a dip at -5 × 1018 eV, two events above 2 × 1020 eV have been observed. The implications for the existence of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff, a long-lasting and still open question in cosmic ray physics, are discussed. This cutoff at a few times 1019 eV, caused by energy losses in the cosmic microwave background, has been predicted to occur in most acceleration models involving extragalactic sources. An acceleration origin of particles above 1020 eV within a few megaparsecs cannot be ruled out yet. However, persistence of the apparent gap in the existing data at a quadrupled total exposure would rule out many acceleration models at the 99 percent confidence level for any source distance. Particles above 1020 eV might then be directly produced by decay from some higher energy scale in contrast to acceleration of charged particles.
Download or read book Cosmic Ray Astrophysics written by Reinhard Schlickeiser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first part, the book gives an up-to-date summary of the observational data. In the second part, it deals with the kinetic description of cosmic ray plasma. The underlying diffusion-convection transport equation, which governs the coupling between cosmic rays and the background plasma, is derived and analyzed in detail. In the third part, several applications of the solutions of the transport equation are presented and how key observations in cosmic ray physics can be accounted for is demonstrated.
Download or read book High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Todor Stanev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models
Download or read book Cosmic Rays at Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.
Download or read book Astrophysical Aspects Of The Most Energetic Cosmic Rays Proceedings Of The Icrr International Symposium written by M Nagano and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1991-07-23 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings present new results obtained from recent observations by the Haverah Park, Yakutsk, Fly's Eye and Akeno groups on the shape of the energy spectrum, the arrival direction (point source) and the nature of the most energetic cosmic rays. They also contain an in-depth discussion of the present status of observations on discrete sources at TeV and PeV energies. A detailed discussion of the physics problems related to the origin, acceleration mechanism and propagation of the most energetic cosmic rays in the galactic and extragalactic space is given in relation to observable features.
Download or read book Cosmic Gamma Rays written by Floyd William Stecker and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic gamma ray production processes, galactic and extragalactic gamma rays, and cosmology.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics written by Thomas K. Gaisser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over recent years there has been marked growth in interest in the study of techniques of cosmic ray physics by astrophysicists and particle physicists. Cosmic radiation is important for the astrophysicist because in the farther reaches of the universe. For particle physicists, it provides the opportunity to study neutrinos and very high energy particles of galactic origin. More importantly, cosmic rays constitue the background, and in some cases possibly the signal, for the more exotic unconfirmed hypothesized particles such as monopoles and sparticles. Concentrating on the highest energy cosmic rays, this book describes where they originate, acquire energy, and interact, in accreting neutron stars, supernova remnants, in large-scale shock waves. It also describes their interactions in the atmosphere and in the earth, how they are studied in surface and very large underground detectors, and what they tell us.
Download or read book Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Radiation written by Felix A. Aharonian and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma ray astronomy, the branch of high energy astrophysics that studies the sky in energetic ?-ray photons, is destined to play a crucial role in the exploration of nonthermal phenomena in the Universe in their most extreme and violent forms. The great potential of this discipline offers impressive coverage of many OC hot topicsOCO of modern astrophysics and cosmology, such as the origin of galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays, particle acceleration and radiation processes under extreme astrophysical conditions, and the search for dark matter."
Download or read book Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Radiation written by Felix A. Aharonian and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma ray astronomy, the branch of high energy astrophysics that studies the sky in energetic Ýgamma¨-ray photons, is destined to play a crucial role in the exploration of nonthermal phenomena in the Universe in their most extreme and violent forms. This book presents the motivations and highlights the principal objectives of the field, as well as demonstrates its intrinsic links to other branches of high energy astrophysics. Preference is given to three topical areas: (i) origin of cosmic rays: (ii) physics and astrophysics of relativistic jets: (iii) observational gamma ray cosmology. Also, a significant part of the book is devoted to the discussion of the principal mechanisms of production and absorption of energetic Ýgamma¨-rays in different astrophysical environments, as well as to the description of the detection methods of high energy cosmic Ýgamma¨- radiation.
Download or read book The ubiquitous mechanism accelerating cosmic rays at all the energies written by Antonio Codino and published by Società Editrice Esculapio. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanism accelerating Cosmic rays in the milky way galaxy and galaxy clusters is identified and described. The acceleration of Cosmic rays is a purely electrostatic process which operate up to the maximum energies of 1023 ev in galaxy clusters. Galactic Cosmic rays are accelerated in a pervasive electrostatic field active in the whole galaxy except in restricted regions shielded by Interstellar and stellar plasma as, for instance, the region occupied by the Solar system. It is proved that the Energy spectrum of the Cosmic radiation in the milky way galaxy, in the region where the Solar system resides, has a constant Spectral index comprised between 2.64-2.68 and the maximum energies of galactic protons are 3.0 × 1019 ev. The agreement of these results with the experimental data is discussed in detail and highlighted. The various physical processes that maintain the stability of the electrostatic structure in the milky way galaxy are the same that generate the galactic magnetic field. Accordingly, the intensity, orientation and direction of the galactic magnetic field are evaluated. The results of the calculation are compared with the observation data, optical and mostly radio astronomi data. The accord of the intensity, orientation and direction of the observed magnetic field with calculation is excellent.
Download or read book The Astrophysics of Galactic Cosmic Rays written by Roland Diehl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings from two ISSI workshops, 18-22 October 1999 and 15-19 May 2000, Bern, Switzerland
Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Energy Radiation from Black Holes written by Charles D. Dermer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-21 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bright gamma-ray flares observed from sources far beyond our Milky Way Galaxy are best explained if enormous amounts of energy are liberated by black holes. The highest- energy particles in nature--the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays--cannot be confined by the Milky Way's magnetic field, and must originate from sources outside our Galaxy. Understanding these energetic radiations requires an extensive theoretical framework involving the radiation physics and strong-field gravity of black holes. In High Energy Radiation from Black Holes, Charles Dermer and Govind Menon present a systematic exposition of black-hole astrophysics and general relativity in order to understand how gamma rays, cosmic rays, and neutrinos are produced by black holes. Beginning with Einstein's special and general theories of relativity, the authors give a detailed mathematical description of fundamental astrophysical radiation processes, including Compton scattering of electrons and photons, synchrotron radiation of particles in magnetic fields, photohadronic interactions of cosmic rays with photons, gamma-ray attenuation, Fermi acceleration, and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism for energy extraction from rotating black holes. The book provides a basis for graduate students and researchers in the field to interpret the latest results from high-energy observatories, and helps resolve whether energy released by rotating black holes powers the highest-energy radiations in nature. The wide range of detail will make High Energy Radiation from Black Holes a standard reference for black-hole research.
Download or read book Energy Budget In The High Energy Universe Proceedings Of The International Workshop written by Katsuhiko Sato and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of materials with very high specific energies greatly exceeding the local virial temperature is best represented by cosmic rays, whose origin has long been a mystery. Recent astrophysical observations in X-ray, gamma-ray, neutrino, and high energy cosmic ray experiments, in conjunction with theoretical studies, have revealed various new aspects of the high energy universe, including promising candidates for cosmic ray acceleration sites. As each approach has its own advantages and limitations, it is expected that joint efforts by experimentalists and theorists in various related fields are essential.The contributions in this volume include observation of the universe through a wide range of techniques for detecting cosmic rays, neutrinos, X-rays and gamma-rays, as well as theoretical considerations in understanding their nature and astrophysical aspects.
