Download or read book The Coolie Trade written by Arnold J. Meagher and published by Arnold J Meagher. This book was released on 2008 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Coolie Trade The phenomenon of indentured labor, which followed upon the abolition of slavery, spread throughout the Western world in the latter two-thirds of the nineteenth century, appearing in such far-flung places as Mauritius, South Africa, Latin America, Australia, Malaya, and the Fiji Islands. Indentured labor, i.e., labor contracted under penal sanctions, was essentially a compulsory system of labor, which in practice differed little from slavery. Unlike slaves, indentured workers were supposed to receive a monthly wage, and their term of service, at least in principle, was for a fixed period of from five to eight years; but these provisions were not always adhered to, and in all other respects, indentured workers were no better off than the slaves they replaced. The widespread appearance of indentured labor is not adequately accounted for by either of the two major schools of thought in the controversy over the downfall of slavery. If the primary motivations for the abolition of slavery were humanitarian, then why did humanitarians look the other way when slave owners resorted to another form of forced labor in the system of indenture? If, on the other hand, the abolition of slavery was an economic consequence of the rise of industrialism and capitalism, as Eric Williams in his Capitalism and Slavery would have us believe, then why did the same factors, which rejected forced African labor, so easily accept forced Chinese and Indian labor? Did the principles of humanitarianism not also extend to the peoples of Asia? Or did some latent racism preclude "Asiatics" (as Chinese and Indians were called), or at least preclude them from being defended with the same vigor as Africans? Or, lulled into a false sense of security and accomplishment, were humanitarians taken in by the trappings of indenture the written contract, the monthly wage, and the limitation on the period of service? The latter could be an out for the humanitarian interpretation of the abolition movement, but what of the economic determinism of the Williams school? Indenture's camouflage might possibly have fooled the humanitarians, but the same could not be said of the economic forces of determinism. Perhaps the economic factors, like the humanitarian principles, did not have universal validity, but only applied to African slavery? The question must then be raised that perhaps indentured labor was an economically viable alternative both to slave and wage labor, at least in some areas of the world? And as such, was indenture a conscious hardnosed compromise between the proponents of slavery and the abolitionists? Else, how explain the fact that England, who led the fight against slavery and whose statesmen condemned slavery as the very antithesis of progress, also led the way in sanctioning indentured labor? It is the purpose of this work to present a comprehensive study of Chinese indentured labor in Latin America. In an attempt to place the coming of over 250,000 Chinese indentured laborers to the Caribbean and South America from 1847 to 1874 in some kind of historical perspective, this study traces the gradual rise and acceptance of the indentured system of labor in the Western world following upon the abolition of the slave trade and the emancipation of the slaves. Conditions both in China and in Latin America, which triggered and sustained a flow of Chinese labor for over a quarter of a century, are examined. The transoceanic passages of the Chinese laborers is chronicled. Finally, the experience of Chinese indentured labor in the Caribbean and South America is explored. This work relies heavily upon (1) the correspondence of consuls and diplomats on the China coast and in Latin America contained in the archives of the British Public Record Office and in the British Parliamentary Papers; (2) the China coast newspapers of the nineteenth century, both English and Portuguese, including the official weekly publications of the Hong Kong and M

Download or read book Coolies and Cane written by Moon-Ho Jung and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2006-04 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description

Download or read book The Coolie Trade and Outrages Against the Chinese written by Jules Davids and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Slave and Coolie Trade written by United States. Dept. of State and published by . This book was released on 1856 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alien Nation written by Elliott Young and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Americas, beginning with the 1840s at the start of the "coolie" trade and ending during World War II. The Chinese came as laborers, streaming across borders legally and illegally and working jobs few others wanted, from constructing railroads in California to harvesting sugar cane in Cuba. Though nations were built in part from their labor, Young argues that they were the first group of migrants to bear the stigma of being "alien." Being neither black nor white and existing outside of the nineteenth century Western norms of sexuality and gender, the Chinese were viewed as permanent outsiders, culturally and legally. It was their presence that hastened the creation of immigration bureaucracies charged with capture, imprisonment, and deportation. This book is the first transnational history of Chinese migration to the Americas. By focusing on the fluidity and complexity of border crossings throughout the Western Hemisphere, Young shows us how Chinese migrants constructed alternative communities and identities through these transnational pathways.

Download or read book New Views on the Chinese Coolie Trade 1845 1860 written by William Francis McLeod and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ch ing Policy Towards the Coolie Trade 1847 1878 written by Robert Lee Irick and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Introduction of Chinese Laborers to Latin America written by Arnold Joseph Meagher and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1090 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chinese Cubans written by Kathleen López and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2013 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-nineteenth century, Cuba's infamous "coolie" trade brought well over 100,000 Chinese indentured laborers to its shores. Though subjected to abominable conditions, they were followed during subsequent decades by smaller numbers of merchants, craftsmen, and free migrants searching for better lives far from home. In a comprehensive, vibrant history that draws deeply on Chinese- and Spanish-language sources in both China and Cuba, Kathleen Lopez explores the transition of the Chinese from indentured to free migrants, the formation of transnational communities, and the eventual incorporation of the Chinese into the Cuban citizenry during the first half of the twentieth century. Chinese Cubans shows how Chinese migration, intermarriage, and assimilation are central to Cuban history and national identity during a key period of transition from slave to wage labor and from colony to nation. On a broader level, Lopez draws out implications for issues of race, national identity, and transnational migration, especially along the Pacific rim.

Download or read book Slave and Coolie Trade Message from the President of the United States Communicating Information in Regard to the Slave and Coolie Trade written by Franklin Pierce and published by . This book was released on 1856 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Chinese Coolie Trade written by Paul Hibbert Clyde and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coolie Trade written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1860 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ch ing Policy Toward the Coolie Trade 1847 1878 written by Robert L. Irick and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book American Involvement in the Chinese Coolie Trade 1848 1882 written by James Henry Upton and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coolie Trade written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1860 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Coolie Speaks written by Lisa Yun and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-22 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing radical counter-visions of race and slavery, and probing the legal and philosophical questions raised by indenture, The Coolie Speaks offers the first critical reading of a massive testimony case from Cuba in 1874. From this case, Yun traces the emergence of a "coolie narrative" that forms a counterpart to the "slave narrative." The written and oral testimonies of nearly 3,000 Chinese laborers in Cuba, who toiled alongside African slaves, offer a rare glimpse into the nature of bondage and the tortuous transition to freedom. Trapped in one of the last standing systems of slavery in the Americas, the Chinese described their hopes and struggles, and their unrelenting quest for freedom. Yun argues that the testimonies from this case suggest radical critiques of the "contract" institution, the basis for free modern society. The example of Cuba, she suggests, constitutes the early experiment and forerunner of new contract slavery, in which the contract itself, taken to its extreme, was wielded as a most potent form of enslavement and complicity. Yun further considers the communal biography of a next-generation Afro-Chinese Cuban author and raises timely theoretical questions regarding race, diaspora, transnationalism, and globalization.

Download or read book Coolies written by Yin and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2003-05-26 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shek marvels at the new world as he and his brother, Little Wong, arrive in California. Along with hundreds of other workers, the brothers are going to build a great railroad across the West. They plan to save enough money so that their mother and little brothers can join them in America. But as days grow into months, they endure many hardships-exhausting work, discrimination, and treacherous avalanches. Inspired by actual events, this story reveals the harsh truth about life for the Chinese railroad workers in 1865, while celebrating their perseverance and bravery.