Download or read book The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U S Innovation written by Gnanaraj Chellaraj and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting.
Download or read book The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U S Innovation written by Gnanaraj Chellaraj and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting.
Download or read book The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science Innovation and Entrepreneurship written by Ina Ganguli and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-02-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased in recent decades. In light of the current public debate about immigration, there is a need for evidence on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. Using new data and state-of-the-art empirical methods, this volume examines various aspects of the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, including the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation; the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship; and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. It presents new evidence on the postgraduation migration patterns of STEM doctoral recipients, in particular the likelihood these graduates will return to their home country. This volume also examines the role of the US higher education system and of US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation.
Download or read book U S High Skilled Immigration Innovation and Entrepreneurship Empirical Approaches and Evidence written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-skilled immigrants are a very important component of U.S. innovation and entrepreneurship. Studies regarding the impact of immigrants on natives tend to find limited consequences in the short-run, while the results in the long-run are more varied and much less certain. Immigrants in the United States aid business and technology exchanges with their home countries, but the overall effect that the migration has on the home country remains unclear. Little is known about return migration of workers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, except that it is rapidly growing in importance.
Download or read book Science Technology and Global Economic Competitiveness written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-12 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States explores the role and impact of students and scholars on US educational institutions and the US economy. The nation has drawn increasingly on human resources abroad for its science and engineering workforce. However, competition for talent has grown as other countries have expanded their research infrastructure and created more opportunities for international students. The report discusses trends in international student enrollments, stay rates, and examines the impact of visa policies on international mobility of the highly skilled.
Download or read book International Innovation Networks and Knowledge Migration written by Andreas Pyka and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration is conceived differently in Europe compared with countries like the US, Canada or Australia. International Innovation Networks and Knowledge Migration confronts traditional views on migration with modern theories of brain circulation and innovation networks, showing that migration leads to mutual benefits for both the home and host countries This new volume brings together several case studies and empirical in-depth analyses which are constructed from the strong migration relationship between Turkey and Germany that has existed for more than 50 years. Bringing together over 20 international contributors, this book highlights that knowledge migration and cultural diversity can strongly stimulate entrepreneurial activities, competence acquisition and economic development of countries and regions. The authors highlight the considerable scope for improvement of European migration policies in order to be better prepared to successfully process structural changes stemming from an aging society in Europe, and an increasing international division of labour. This volume is suitable for those who study industrial economics, international economics and European economics. It is also of interest to those who want to delve deeper into the Turkish-German migration nexus.
Download or read book OECD Territorial Reviews The Gauteng City Region South Africa 2011 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-11-10 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the backdrop of South Africa’s achievements since the fall of apartheid, this Review evaluates measures to position economic development policy and to confront economic inequality in the Johannesburg/Pretoria region.
Download or read book Wretched Refuse written by Alex Nowrasteh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic arguments favoring increased immigration restrictions suggest that immigrants undermine the culture, institutions, and productivity of destination countries. But is this actually true? Nowrasteh and Powell systematically analyze cross-country evidence of potential negative effects caused by immigration relating to economic freedom, corruption, culture, and terrorism. They analyze case studies of mass immigration to the United States, Israel, and Jordan. Their evidence does not support the idea that immigration destroys the institutions responsible for prosperity in the modern world. This nonideological volume makes a qualified case for free immigration and the accompanying prosperity.
Download or read book Open for Business Migrant Entrepreneurship in OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a cross-country perspective, this publication sheds light on migrant entrepreneurship, discussing policy options to foster the development and success of migrant businesses.
Download or read book Immigration and Its Contribution to Our Economic Strength written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Migration Remittances and the Brain Drain written by Maurice Schiff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-10-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International migration, the movement of people across international boundaries, has enormous economic, social and cultural implications in both origin and destination countries. Using original research, this title examines the determinants of migration, the impact of remittances and migration on poverty, welfare, and investment decisions, and the consequences of brain drain, brain gain, and brain waste.
Download or read book Brain Gain written by Darrell M. West and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-06-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of America's greatest artists, scientists, investors, educators, and entrepreneurs have come from abroad. Rather than suffering from the "brain drain" of talented and educated individuals emigrating, the United States has benefited greatly over the years from the "brain gain" of immigration. These gifted immigrants have engineered advances in energy, information technology, international commerce, sports, arts, and culture. To stay competitive, the United States must institute more of an open-door policy to attract unique talents from other nations. Yet Americans resist such a policy despite their own immigrant histories and the substantial social, economic, intellectual, and cultural benefits of welcoming newcomers. Why? In Brain Gain, Darrell West asserts that perception or "vision" is one reason reform in immigration policy is so politically difficult. Public discourse tends to emphasize the perceived negatives. Fear too often trumps optimism and reason. And democracy is messy, with policy principles that are often difficult to reconcile. The seeming irrationality of U.S. immigration policy arises from a variety of thorny and interrelated factors: particularistic politics and fragmented institutions, public concern regarding education and employment, anger over taxes and social services, and ambivalence about national identity, culture, and language. Add to that stew a myopic (or worse) press, persistent fears of terrorism, and the difficulties of implementing border enforcement and legal justice. West prescribes a series of reforms that will put America on a better course and enhance its long-term social and economic prosperity. Reconceptualizing immigration as a way to enhance innovation and competitiveness, the author notes, will help us find the next Sergey Brin, the next Andrew Grove, or even the next Albert Einstein.
Download or read book Reviving Economic Growth written by Brink Lindsey and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you could wave a magic wand and make one or two policy or institutional changes to brighten the U.S. economy’s long-term growth prospects, what would you change and why? That was the question asked to the 51 contributors to this volume. These essays originally appeared in conjunction with a conference on the future of U.S. economic growth held at the Cato Institute in December 20014. Brink Lindsey, Vice President for Research at the Cato Institute and editor of this volume, is pleased to share this insightful and provocative collection with a new audience. The motivation for asking that question should be clear enough to anyone who has been following the dreary economic news of the past few years. Since the Great Recession of 2008–2009, the U.S. economy has experienced the most stubbornly disappointing expansion since World War II. Reviving Economic Growth offers a wide-ranging exploration of policy options from an eclectic group of contributors. Think of this collection as a brainstorming session, not a blueprint for political action. By bringing together thinkers one doesn’t often see in the same publication, the editor’s hope is to encourage fresh thinking about the daunting challenges facing the U.S. economy—and, with luck, to uncover surprising areas of agreement that can pave the way to constructive change.
Download or read book The Gift of Global Talent written by William R. Kerr and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global race for talent is on, with countries and businesses competing for the best and brightest. Talented individuals migrate much more frequently than the general population, and the United States has received exceptional inflows of human capital. This foreign talent has transformed U.S. science and engineering, reshaped the economy, and influenced society at large. But America is bogged down in thorny debates on immigration policy, and the world around the United States is rapidly catching up, especially China and India. The future is quite uncertain, and the global talent puzzle deserves close examination. To do this, William R. Kerr uniquely combines insights and lessons from business practice, government policy, and individual decision making. Examining popular ideas that have taken hold and synthesizing rigorous research across fields such as entrepreneurship and innovation, regional advantage, and economic policy, Kerr gives voice to data and ideas that should drive the next wave of policy and business practice. The Gift of Global Talent deftly transports readers from joyous celebrations at the Nobel Prize ceremony to angry airport protests against the Trump administration's travel ban. It explores why talented migration drives the knowledge economy, describes how universities and firms govern skilled admissions, explains the controversies of the H-1B visa used by firms like Google and Apple, and discusses the economic inequalities and superstar firms that global talent flows produce. The United States has been the steward of a global gift, and this book explains the huge leadership decision it now faces and how it can become even more competitive for attracting tomorrow's talent. Please visit www.hbs.edu/managing-the-future-of-work/research/Pages/default.aspx to learn more about the book.
Download or read book International Students and Scholars in the United States written by Heike C. Alberts and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international team of academics and experienced practitioners here bring together scholarship on academic migrants to the United States - the world's top recipient of academic talent. They examine the multidirectional migration patterns of academic migrants, adaptation challenges, and the roles played by international students and faculty.
Download or read book STEM the Tide written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
