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Book Nuclear Weapons

    Nuclear Weapons

    Book Details:
  • Author : Office of Technology Assessment (OTA)
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2017-11-16
  • ISBN : 9781973313687
  • Pages : 324 pages

Download or read book Nuclear Weapons written by Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) and published by . This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three authoritative reports provide unique information about nuclear weapons testing and the verification of nuclear nonproliferation treaties: (1) The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions, (2) Seismic Verification of Nuclear Testing Treaties, (3) Environmental Monitoring for Nuclear Safeguards. The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions - At a time of continued underground nuclear bomb tests, an assessment of the safety of the process led to this report. This special report reviews the safety of the nuclear testing program and assesses the technical procedures used to test nuclear weapons and ensure that radioactive material produced by test explosions remains contained underground. An overall evaluation considers the acceptability of the remaining risk and discusses reasons for the lack of public confidence. Seismic Verification of Nuclear Testing Treaties - Like an earthquake, the force of an underground nuclear explosion creates seismic waves that travel through the Earth. A satisfactory seismic network to monitor such tests must be able to both detect and identify seismic signals in the presence of "noise," for example, from natural earthquakes. In the case of monitoring a treaty that limits testing below a certain size explosion, the seismic network must also be able to estimate the size with acceptable accuracy. All of this must be done with an assured capability to defeat adequately any credible attempt to evade or spoof the monitoring network. This report addresses the issues of detection, identification, yield estimation, and evasion to arrive at answers to the two critical questions: Down to what size explosion can underground testing be seismically monitored with high confidence? How accurately can the yields of underground explosions be measured? Environmental Monitoring for Nuclear Safeguards - To assure that states are not violating their Non-Proliferation Treaty commitments, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) must also verify that states do not possess covert nuclear facilities-a mission that prior to the 1991 Gulf War, it had neither the political backing nor the resources to conduct. In the report, OTA concluded that providing the IAEA with the resources, the information, and the political support it needs to look for such sites may turn out to be the most important aspect of a reinvigorated safeguards regime. The IAEA recognizes the importance of this new mission and is in the process of assuming it. One of the tools it is exploring to provide some indication of the presence of secret, or undeclared, nuclear activities and facilities is environmental monitoring. Modern sampling and analysis technologies provide powerful tools to detect the presence of characteristic substances that are likely to be emitted by such illicit activities. This background paper examines the prospects for such technologies to improve nuclear safeguards. It concludes that environmental monitoring can greatly increase the ability to detect undeclared activity at declared, or known, sites, and it can significantly increase the chances of detecting and locating undeclared sites.

Book Safety of Underground Nuclear Testing

Download or read book Safety of Underground Nuclear Testing written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Nevada Operations Office and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Health Effects of Underground Nuclear Tests

Download or read book Health Effects of Underground Nuclear Tests written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book North Korea s 2009 Nuclear Test

Download or read book North Korea s 2009 Nuclear Test written by Jonathan Medalia and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 25, 2009, North Korea announced that it had conducted its second underground nuclear test. Unlike its first test, in 2006, there is no public record that the second one released radioactive materials indicative of a nuclear explosion. How could North Korea have contained these materials from the May 2009 event and what are the implications? Contents of this report: (1) Background; (2) The North Korean Nuclear Tests: The 2006 Test; The 2009 Test; (3) Monitoring and Containing Nuclear Tests: Monitoring, Verification, Intelligence; (4) Potential Value of Containment for North Korea; (5) Issues for Congress: Implications for the CTBT; Improving Monitoring and Verification Capability; Improve the Capability of Monitoring Systems. Illus.

Book Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Download or read book Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon the considerable existing body of technical material related to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the National Academy of Sciences reviewed and assessed the key technical issues that arose during the Senate debate over treaty ratification. In particular, these include: (1) the capacity of the United States to maintain confidence in the safety and reliability of its nuclear stockpile in the absence of nuclear testing; (2) the nuclear-test detection capabilities of the international monitoring system (with and without augmentation by national systems and instrumentation in use for scientific purposes, and taking into account the possibilities for decoupling nuclear explosions from surrounding geologic media); and (3) the additions to their nuclear-weapons capabilities that other countries could achieve through nuclear testing at yield levels that might escape detection, and the effect of such additions on the security of the United States.

Book Technical Discussions of Offsite Safety Programs for Underground Nuclear Detonations

Download or read book Technical Discussions of Offsite Safety Programs for Underground Nuclear Detonations written by Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Co. Administrative Publications Section and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions

Download or read book Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions written by Ola Dahlman and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1977 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Control and Reduction of Armaments

Download or read book Control and Reduction of Armaments written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Disarmament and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions

Download or read book Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Effects of Nuclear Earth Penetrator and Other Weapons

Download or read book Effects of Nuclear Earth Penetrator and Other Weapons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-06 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status, however, many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons (EPW). Recently, an engineering feasibility study, the robust nuclear earth penetrator program, was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about, among other things, the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue, the Congress, in P.L. 107-314, directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations, the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions.

Book Public Safety Underground Nuclear Detonations

Download or read book Public Safety Underground Nuclear Detonations written by Samuel Glasstone and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: