Download or read book The Construct of Meaning written by Shulamith Kreitler and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes a comprehensive investigation of the concept of meaning, focusing on its structure, function, and materials. In terms of structure, it is proposed that meaning is a unit which consists of two components: the carrier of meaning, called referent, to which meaning is assigned, and the meaning assigned to the referent, called meaning value. In terms of function, meaning is designed to identify inputs from outside and inside the organism, so as to enable responding to them in forms adequate for the psychological system. Otherwise expressed, meaning turns stimuli into potential triggers of reactions on all psychological levels. In terms of materials, meaning consists of cognitions, which are neither expected to be logical or rational nor are necessarily subjected to awareness, voluntary control or verbal expression. So, in practice, meaning consists of cognitive units, which are characterised in terms of referents and meaning values, forming sequences and networks, providing identification of stimuli and potentialities for grasping reality, reacting to it and transforming it. This book is a culmination of the author's decades of academic experience in pursuit of an understanding of meaning. In this book's thirteen chapters, meaning is explored through a variety of perspectives, including those drawn from evolutionary psychology, linguistics, cognition, personality, and other fields. Also, exercises are included that provide tasks designed to allow readers to familiarise themselves with the system of meaning elucidated in the book.
Download or read book Aspects of Meaning Construction written by Günter Radden and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007-04-11 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meaning does not reside in linguistic units but is constructed in the minds of the language users. Meaning construction is an on-line mental activity whereby speech participants create meanings on the basis of underspecified linguistic units. The construction of meaning is guided by cognitive principles. The contributions collected in the volume focus on two types of cognitive principles guiding meaning construction: meaning construction by means of metonymy and metaphor, and meaning construction by means of mental spaces and conceptual blending. The papers in the former group survey experiential evidence of figurative meaning construction and discuss high-level metaphor and metonymy, the role of metonymy in discourse, the chaining of metonymies, metonymy as an alternative to coercion, and metaphtonymic meanings of proper names. The papers in the latter group address the issues of meaning construction prompted by personal pronouns, relative clauses, inferential constructions, “sort-of” expressions, questions, and the into-causative construction.
Download or read book The Social Construction of Reality written by Peter L. Berger and published by Open Road Media. This book was released on 2011-04-26 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A watershed event in the field of sociology, this text introduced “a major breakthrough in the sociology of knowledge and sociological theory generally” (George Simpson, American Sociological Review). In this seminal book, Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann examine how knowledge forms and how it is preserved and altered within a society. Unlike earlier theorists and philosophers, Berger and Luckmann go beyond intellectual history and focus on commonsense, everyday knowledge—the proverbs, morals, values, and beliefs shared among ordinary people. When first published in 1966, this systematic, theoretical treatise introduced the term social construction,effectively creating a new thought and transforming Western philosophy.
Download or read book A Principled Approach to Language Assessment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-09-19 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is formally represented around the world by approximately 14,000 Foreign Service officers and other personnel in the U.S. Department of State. Roughly one-third of them are required to be proficient in the local languages of the countries to which they are posted. To achieve this language proficiency for its staff, the State Department's Foreign Service Institute (FSI) provides intensive language instruction and assesses the proficiency of personnel before they are posted to a foreign country. The requirement for language proficiency is established in law and is incorporated in personnel decisions related to job placement, promotion, retention, and pay. A Principled Approach to Language Assessment: Considerations for the U.S. Foreign Service Institute evaluates the different approaches that exist to assess foreign language proficiency that FSI could potentially use. This report considers the key assessment approaches in the research literature that are appropriate for language testing, including, but not limited to, assessments that use task-based or performance-based approaches, adaptive online test administration, and portfolios.
Download or read book Construction Grammar and its Application to English written by Martin Hilpert and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Construction Grammar explains how knowledge of language is organized in speakers' minds. The central and radical claim of Construction Grammar is that linguistic knowledge can be fully described as knowledge of constructions, which are defined as symbolic units that connect a linguistic form with meaning.
Download or read book From Minimal Contrast to Meaning Construct written by Qi Su and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers new perspectives on the study of Chinese lexical semantics, as well as discourse analysis and cognitive pragmatics based on lexical semantics. The first part focuses on fundamental issues in lexical semantic research, while the second features articles highlighting various aspects of the lexical category systems in Chinese. The third part discusses application-oriented research on lexical semantics. Presenting the latest research in the field, the book is a valuable resource for specialists in Chinese lexical semantics, as well as for researchers and students interested in grammar, theory of lexical semantics, and word/meaning processing.
Download or read book The Construction of Words written by Geert Booij and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on detailed studies of various aspects of Construction Morphology, and combines theoretical analysis and descriptive detail. It deals with data from several domains of linguistics and contributes to an integration of findings from various subdisciplines of linguistics into a common model of the architecture of language. It presents applications and extensions of the model of Construction Morphology to a wide range of languages. Construction Morphology is one of the theoretical paradigms in present-day morphology. It makes use of concepts of Construction Grammar for the analysis of word formation and inflection. Complex words are seen as constructions, that is, pairs of form and meaning. Morphological patterns are accounted for by construction schemas. These are the recipes for coining new words and word forms, and they motivate the properties of existing complex words. Both schemas and individual words are stored, and hence there is no strict separation of lexicon and grammar. In addition to abstract schemas there are subschemas for subclasses of complex words with specific properties. This architecture of the grammar is in harmony with findings from other empirical domains of linguistics such as language acquisition, word processing, and language change.
Download or read book The Social Construction of What written by Ian Hacking and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1999-05-15 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lost in the raging debate over the validity of social construction is the question of what, precisely, is being constructed. Facts, gender, quarks, reality? Ian Hacking’s book explores an array of examples to reveal the deep issues underlying contentious accounts of reality—especially regarding the status of the natural sciences.
Download or read book A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles part 1 C Comm 1893 written by James Augustus Henry Murray and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Personal Construct Methodology written by Peter Caputi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-17 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international team of experts, this collection provides a comprehensive account of established and emerging methods of collecting and analysing data within the framework of personal construct theory. Covers methods such as content analysis scales, repertory grid methodology, narrative assessments and drawings, the laddering and ABC techniques, and discusses how and why they are used Explores both qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as methods used in clinical and counselling settings Includes 13 contributions from leading international scholars
Download or read book A Social History of Modern Spain written by Adrian Shubert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insightful and accessible, A Social History of Modern Spain is the first comprehensive social history of modern Spain in any language. Adrian Shubert analyzes the social development of Spain since 1800. He explores the social conflicts at the root of the Spanish Civil War and how that war and the subsequent changes from democracy to Franco and back again have shaped the social relations of the country. Paying equal attention to the rural and urban worlds and respecting the great regional diversity within Spain, Shubert draws a sophisticated picture of a country struggling with the problems posed by political, economic, and social change. He begins with an overview of the rural economy and the relationship of the people to the land, then moves on to an analysis of the work and social lives of the urban population. He then discusses the changing roles of the clergy, the military, and the various local government, community, and law enforcement officials. A Social History of Modern Spain concludes with an analysis of the dramatic political, economic, and social changes during the Franco regime and during the subsequent return to democracy.
Download or read book The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia The Century dictionary prepared under the superintendence of William Dwight Whitney written by William Dwight Whitney and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia A work of Universal Reference in all Departments of Knowledge with a New Atlas of the World written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Meaning in English written by Javier Valenzuela and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lively, up-to-date and compact introduction to semantics, accessible to those with no prior knowledge of linguistics.
Download or read book Social Science Research written by Anol Bhattacherjee and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.
Download or read book English Reports Annotated written by Great Britain. Courts and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 1268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Constructions written by Adele E. Goldberg and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-03-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on work in linguistics, language acquisition, and computer science, Adele E. Goldberg proposes that grammatical constructions play a central role in the relation between the form and meaning of simple sentences. She demonstrates that the syntactic patterns associated with simple sentences are imbued with meaning—that the constructions themselves carry meaning independently of the words in a sentence. Goldberg provides a comprehensive account of the relation between verbs and constructions, offering ways to relate verb and constructional meaning, and to capture relations among constructions and generalizations over constructions. Prototypes, frame semantics, and metaphor are shown to play crucial roles. In addition, Goldberg presents specific analyses of several constructions, including the ditransitive and the resultative constructions, revealing systematic semantic generalizations. Through a comparison with other current approaches to argument structure phenomena, this book narrows the gap between generative and cognitive theories of language.
