Download or read book From Mainframes to Smartphones written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compact history traces the computer industry from its origins in 1950s mainframes, through the establishment of standards beginning in 1965 and the introduction of personal computing in the 1980s. It concludes with the Internet’s explosive growth since 1995. Across these four periods, Martin Campbell-Kelly and Daniel Garcia-Swartz describe the steady trend toward miniaturization and explain its consequences for the bundles of interacting components that make up a computer system. With miniaturization, the price of computation fell and entry into the industry became less costly. Companies supplying different components learned to cooperate even as they competed with other businesses for market share. Simultaneously with miniaturization—and equally consequential—the core of the computer industry shifted from hardware to software and services. Companies that failed to adapt to this trend were left behind. Governments did not turn a blind eye to the activities of entrepreneurs. The U.S. government was the major customer for computers in the early years. Several European governments subsidized private corporations, and Japan fostered R&D in private firms while protecting its domestic market from foreign competition. From Mainframes to Smartphones is international in scope and broad in its purview of this revolutionary industry.
Download or read book The Computer Industry written by Jeffrey R. Yost and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2005-06-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally a military and scientific computational tool of a small number of government, scientific, and corporate elites in the late 1940s, the computer industry has evolved significantly in less than seventy years and has become one of the largest industries in America.
Download or read book The Computer Industry written by John T. Soma and published by Great Source Education Group. This book was released on 1976 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Creating the Computer written by Kenneth Flamm and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of the first electronic digital computers in the 1940s signaled the beginning of a new and distinctive type of industry—an industry marked by competition through innovation, and by the large percentage of revenues spent on research and development. Written as a companion volume to Targeting the Computer: Government Support and International Competition, this comprehensive volume provides a new understanding to the complex forces that have shaped the computer industry during the past four decades. Kenneth Flamm identifies the origins of technologies important to the creation of computers and traces the roots of individual technologies to the specific research groups and programs responsible for major advances. He evaluates the impact of these innovations on industrial competition and argues that the emergence of specialization and product differentiation in the 1950s and the compatibility and standards in the mid-1960s were key factors defining this competition. Flamm also identifies the various market strategies adopted in later decades to challenge an industry leader, strategies linked to the entry and exit of individual firms. In addition to the effects of technology and internal industry developments, international competition and national policies on technology, trade, and investment shaped the evolution of this new industry. Flamm documents the role of government support for technology in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan and describes the critical technological and economic links between national and international markets. Finally, he links these strategies, technological trends, and national policies to one another and shows how they continue to influence current developments in the computer industry.
Download or read book Legal Battles that Shaped the Computer Industry written by Lawrence D. Graham and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1999-08-30 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A few lawsuits have changed the entire shape of the computer industry as nearly every aspect of computers has come under litigation. These courtroom battles have confused not only computer and legal amateurs, but lawyers, juries, and judges too. The result has been illogical legal opinions, reversals on appeal, and an environment in which the outcome of key legal battles is not only unpredictable but could change the industry's direction yet again. Graham surveys the past and shows how it points to the future. He illustrates how the absence of statutes specifically protecting software has frequently forced courts to simultaneously create and apply the law. Graham covers the whole spectrum of computer hardware and software, addressing the litigation that affected each part of the product chain. In 23 chapters he cuts through the legalese while still offering enough substance to introduce lawyers unfamiliar with intellectual property law to the evolving legal landscape of this dynamic and contentious industry. No prior legal background is required to understand Graham's presentation, however. The result is a comprehensive and fascinating study of this newest of new century industries, and a book that will guide —and caution!— anyone now in it or who expects to be a part of it tomorrow. Graham shows how the course of litigation in the computer industry has substantially paralleled the growth of the industry itself. Yet, while computer law has been an active field, it is also an unpredictable one. The law governing computers was particularly sketchy prior to 1976, Graham explains, when it was unclear whether programmers had any legal rights to the software they developed. In l976 Congress modified the statutes to specify that software was indeed eligible but unfortunately offered little guidance to the courts on how to apply copyright laws to software. With each lawsuit the courts added to the sketchy foundation of copyright laws, developing the law as they went along. Graham shows that because the courts have so often made the law as they applied it, many computer-related lawsuits had an especially profound impact on the industry. By outlining this history of the development of computer law and its effect on the computer industry, Graham provides a broad outline of the state of computer law today, and a fascinating look at the industry itself.
Download or read book What the Dormouse Said written by John Markoff and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2005-04-21 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This makes entertaining reading. Many accounts of the birth of personal computing have been written, but this is the first close look at the drug habits of the earliest pioneers.” —New York Times Most histories of the personal computer industry focus on technology or business. John Markoff’s landmark book is about the culture and consciousness behind the first PCs—the culture being counter– and the consciousness expanded, sometimes chemically. It’s a brilliant evocation of Stanford, California, in the 1960s and ’70s, where a group of visionaries set out to turn computers into a means for freeing minds and information. In these pages one encounters Ken Kesey and the phone hacker Cap’n Crunch, est and LSD, The Whole Earth Catalog and the Homebrew Computer Lab. What the Dormouse Said is a poignant, funny, and inspiring book by one of the smartest technology writers around.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Technology Integration in the Global World written by Idemudia, Efosa C. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology’s presence in society continues to increase as new products and programs emerge. As such, it is vital for various industries to rapidly adapt and learn to incorporate the latest technology applications and tools. The Handbook of Research on Technology Integration in the Global World is an essential reference source that examines a variety of approaches to integrating technology through technology diffusion, e-collaboration, and e-adoption. The book explores topics such as information systems agility, semantic web, and the digital divide. This publication is a valuable resource for academicians, practitioners, researchers, and upper-level graduate students.
Download or read book Before the Computer written by James W. Cortada and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the Computer fully explores the data processing industry in the United States from its nineteenth-century inception down to the period when the computer became its primary tool. As James Cortada describes what was once called the "office appliance industry," he challenges our view of the digital computer as a revolutionary technology. Cortada interprets reliance on computers as a development within an important segment of the American economy that was earlier represented largely by such instruments as typewriters, tabulating machines, adding machines, and calculators. He also describes how many of the practices of the office appliance industry evolved into those of the computer world. Drawing on previously unavailable industry archives, the author adds to our understanding of IBM's early history and offers short corporate histories of firms that include NCR, Burroughs, and Remington Rand. Focusing on the United States but also including comparative material on Europe and Asia, Before the Computer will be a unique source of knowledge about the companies that built office equipment and their enormous impact on economic life. Originally published in 1993. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Read Me First written by Sun Technical Publications and published by Prentice Hall Professional. This book was released on 2003 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: bull; The must-have reference for every technical writer, editor, and documentation manager bull; Provides all the information you need to document hardware, software, or other computer products bull; Written by award-winning documentation experts at Sun Technical Publications, Read Me First! is the most comprehensive guide to creating documentation that is clear, consistent, and easy to understand
Download or read book The U S Computer Industry written by Gerald W. Brock and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised thesis presenting an economic analysis of the computer industry in the USA - covers industrial structure, industrial growth performance, industrial concentration, competition and market structure, etc. Bibliography pp. 243 to 245, graphs and references.
Download or read book Programmed Inequality written by Mar Hicks and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This “sobering tale of the real consequences of gender bias” explores how Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women (Harvard Magazine) In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In Programmed Inequality, Mar Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole. Drawing on recently opened government files, personal interviews, and the archives of major British computer companies, Programmed Inequality takes aim at the fiction of technological meritocracy. Hicks explains why, even today, possessing technical skill is not enough to ensure that women will rise to the top in science and technology fields. Programmed Inequality shows how the disappearance of women from the field had grave macroeconomic consequences for Britain, and why the United States risks repeating those errors in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-02-27 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A business history of the software industry from the days of custom programming to the age of mass-market software and video games. From its first glimmerings in the 1950s, the software industry has evolved to become the fourth largest industrial sector of the US economy. Starting with a handful of software contractors who produced specialized programs for the few existing machines, the industry grew to include producers of corporate software packages and then makers of mass-market products and recreational software. This book tells the story of each of these types of firm, focusing on the products they developed, the business models they followed, and the markets they served. By describing the breadth of this industry, Martin Campbell-Kelly corrects the popular misconception that one firm is at the center of the software universe. He also tells the story of lucrative software products such as IBM's CICS and SAP's R/3, which, though little known to the general public, lie at the heart of today's information infrastructure.With its wealth of industry data and its thoughtful judgments, this book will become a starting point for all future investigations of this fundamental component of computer history.
Download or read book The Industrial Reorganization Act The computer industry written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1090 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Competition in the Computer Industry written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Economic and Commercial Law and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Computer Industry in the United Kingdom 1966 67 written by James N. Carr and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dynamics of the Computer Industry Modeling the Supply of Workstations and their Components written by Walid Rachid Touma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computers communicate globally via satellite or fiber optic links, wide area networks share resources thousands of miles away, and the average home can have the capacity of access information at the push of a button - the digital information age has arrived! Several technologies have made this computer age possible, helped it grow, and affected its dynamics over time. This book addresses the problem of formulating a model that interrelates the factors that drive the supply of these technologies over time to the attributes of the computers that are manufactured from them.
Download or read book Using Computer Science in the Food Industry written by Philip Wolny and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With automation arriving, all industries need coders behind the scenes. The food industry is no exception. This insightful book guides future computer science experts on a path to success, from which high school and college classes to take, to a thorough overview of potential jobs in several food industry sectors. This guide will prove useful to students interested in writing programs that assist in food production, distribution and sales, or in restaurants and delivery apps. Government-vetted statistics and industry outlook, guidance on college and vo-tech admissions, and handy tips on job hunting and interviewing round out this invaluable book.
