Download or read book The Commercial Activity Exception to State Immunity written by Katherine Reece Thomas and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-14 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this insightful book, Katherine Reece Thomas explores the constantly evolving nature of state immunity, providing a nuanced analysis of the tension between private and public law. The current rules on the commercial activity exception to state immunity are examined, in both international and domestic law settings, using recent case studies from key jurisdictions including the UK and the US.

Download or read book State Immunity in International Law written by Xiaodong Yang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xiaodong Yang examines the issue of jurisdictional immunities of States and their property in foreign domestic courts.

Download or read book Commercial Activity Carried on in the United States written by Leslie Ann Haacke and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Immunities and International Law written by Tom Ruys and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few topics of international law speak to the imagination as much as international immunities. Questions pertaining to immunity from jurisdiction or execution under international law surface on a frequent basis before national courts, including at the highest levels of the judicial branch and before international courts or tribunals. Nevertheless, international immunity law is and remains a challenging field for practitioners and scholars alike. Challenges stem in part from the uncertainty pertaining to the customary content of some immunity regimes said to be in a 'state of flux', the divergent – and at times directly conflicting - approaches to immunity in different national and international jurisdictions, or the increasing intolerance towards impunity that has accompanied the advance of international criminal law and human rights law. Composed of thirty-four expertly written contributions, the present volume uniquely provides a comprehensive tour d'horizon of international immunity law, traversing a wealth of national and international practice.

Download or read book The Law of State Immunity written by Hazel Fox and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 3290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The doctrine of state immunity bars a national court from adjudicating or enforcing claims against foreign states. This doctrine, the foundation for high-profile national and international decisions such as those in the Pinochet case and the Arrest Warrant cases, has always been controversial. The reasons for the controversy are many and varied. Some argue that state immunity paves the way for state violations of human rights. Others argue that the customary basis for the doctrine is not a sufficient basis for regulation and that codification is the way forward. Furthermore, it can be argued that even when judgments are made in national courts against other states, the doctrine makes enforcement of these decisions impossible. This fully restructured new edition provides a detailed analysis of these issues in a more clear and accessible manner. It provides a nuanced assessment of the development of the doctrine of state immunity, including a general comprehensive overview of the plea of immunity of a foreign state, its characteristics, and its operation as a bar to proceedings in national courts of another state. It includes a coherent history and justification of the plea of state immunity, demonstrating its development from the absolute to the restrictive phase, arguing that state immunity can now be seen to be developing into a third phase which uses immunity allocate adjudicative and enforcement jurisdictions between the foreign and the territorial states. The United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of states and their Property is thoroughly assessed. Through a detailed examination of the sources of law and of English and US case law, and a comparative analysis of other types of immunity, the authors explore both the law as it stands, and what it could and should be in years to come.

Download or read book The Law of State Immunity written by Hazel Fox and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The doctrine of state immunity bars a national court from adjudicating or enforcing claims against foreign states. This doctrine, the foundation for high-profile national and international decisions such as those in the Pinochet case and the Arrest Warrant cases, has always been controversial. The reasons for the controversy are many and varied. Some argue that state immunity paves the way for state violations of human rights. Others argue that the customary basis for the doctrine is not a sufficient basis for regulation and that codification is the way forward. Furthermore, it can be argued that even when judgments are made in national courts against other states, the doctrine makes enforcement of these decisions impossible. This fully restructured new edition provides a detailed analysis of these issues in a more clear and accessible manner. It provides a nuanced assessment of the development of the doctrine of state immunity, including a general comprehensive overview of the plea of immunity of a foreign state, its characteristics, and its operation as a bar to proceedings in national courts of another state. It includes a coherent history and justification of the plea of state immunity, demonstrating its development from the absolute to the restrictive phase, arguing that state immunity can now be seen to be developing into a third phase which uses immunity allocate adjudicative and enforcement jurisdictions between the foreign and the territorial states. The United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of states and their Property is thoroughly assessed. Through a detailed examination of the sources of law and of English and US case law, and a comparative analysis of other types of immunity, the authors explore both the law as it stands, and what it could and should be in years to come.

Download or read book Immunity of International Organizations written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunity rules are part and parcel of the law of international organizations. It has long been accepted that international organizations and their staff need to enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of national courts. However, it is the application of these rules in practice that increasingly causes controversy. Claims against international organizations are brought before national courts by those who allegedly suffer from their activities. These can be both natural and legal persons such as companies. National courts, in particular lower courts, have often been less willing to recognize the immunity of the organization concerned than the organization’s founding fathers. Likewise, public opinion and legal writings frequently criticize international organizations for invoking their immunity and for the lack of adequate means of redress for claimants. It is against this background that an international conference was organized at Leiden University in June 2013. A number of highly qualified academics and practitioners gave presentations and prepared written contributions that are collected in this book. This book is published to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the International Organizations Law Review, in which these contributions have also been published (Vol. 10, issue 2, 2014).

Download or read book State Immunity and the Violation of Human Rights written by Jürgen Bröhmer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of international human rights has been one of the most prominent and dynamic areas of public international law in recent decades. At the same time the law of state immunity, albeit less prominent, has also been subjected to a process of dynamic change. The principle of absolute immunity of states from the adjudicatory jurisdiction of foreign states has been replaced by a restrictive concept under which foreign states can be sued under certain circumstances. The violation of fundamental human rights by foreign states is, however, still widely regarded as immunity- protected conduct, be it because such violations must be considered as governmental acts (acta jure imperii) or because the violations were committed outside the territory of the foreign state. Consequently, it is often impossible for the victim of such violations to bring damage proceedings against the foreign state based on municipal (tort) law in a municipal court. The present study attempts to demonstrate that international law does not per se demand that foreign states be granted immunity in such cases. The current state of international immunity law as evidenced by state practice and the work of several international learned bodies is surveyed extensively. It is shown that the granting of immunity may contradict the procedural guarantees of the European Convention of Human Rights. The impact of human rights law on the traditional concept of diplomatic protection is described. The study concludes that a further restriction of the immunity privilege is necessary, and criteria are offered to distinguish between violations of human rights which should remain immunity-protected and violations where the interest of the perpetrating state to remain immune from foreign jurisdiction must yield to the interest of the injured individual to obtain adequate redress.

Download or read book A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STATE IMMUNITY FROM JURISDICTION RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT ACTION written by E. Mat Asu and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the history and development of diplomatic and state immunity, state debt and pre- and post-judgement measures.It defines what a state debt is and what may be excluded. It further makes a distinction between public and private acts of the State, and explains the current jurisprudential developments with respect to the activities that a State may be excepted jurisdiction, prosecution and enforcement action against her.Using cases from the US and the EU, this book analyses the judicial interpretation and decisions of Treaties, Conventions and Statutes developed over the past 2 centuries. The book considers institutionalised and non-institutionalised arbitration and judicial means of dispute resolution, with cases brought before State courts and arbitration under the Bank of International Settlement.Finally, this book is suitable for academicians, professionals, students of the law business and finance, administrators, and anyone who might be curious about sovereign immunity.

Download or read book Foreign State Immunity in Commercial Transactions written by Michael W. Gordon and published by MICHIE. This book was released on 1991 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Joy of Access to the Zone of Inhibition written by Stephen Leacock and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Republic of Argentina v. Weltover the United States Supreme Court granted unprecedented access to U.S. courts for persons seeking to file suit against a sovereign state. In particular, the Court held that the commercial activity exception under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (FSIA) permitted the Court to exercise jurisdiction over the Republic of Argentina for refusing to repay its bonds. In a broader sense, the Court's interpretation of the FSIA may spur additional litigation by significantly restricting when sovereign states can assert a defense of sovereign immunity. Under the Court's interpretation of the FSIA and the commercial activity exception, a sovereign state cannot assert sovereign immunity when it acts as a market participant, and its actions directly affect the United States. A foreign government can only assert sovereign immunity when it engages in acts peculiar to sovereigns, such as the regulation of capital markets. Implicit in Republic of Argentina is the conclusion that if a sovereign state participates in private capital markets, its actions are not peculiar to sovereigns, and thus it cannot claim sovereign immunity.First, this article identifies the issues presented in Republic of Argentina. Second, this article examines the historical development and definition of the foreign sovereign immunity doctrine. Third, this article discusses the disparate approaches of the circuit courts in defining the commercial activity exception prior to Republic of Argentina. It explains why the Second Circuit came closest to Congress' intentions, in light of the legislative history of the FSIA. Fourth, this article contends that in Republic of Argentina the Court failed to clearly and satisfactorily define "commercial activity" in a manner certain to resolve the circuit conflict. As a result, what constitutes "commercial activity" is still in a state of evolution. This article concludes that the failure to more clearly define "commercial activity" will cause more sovereign states to be brought before American courts, particularly developing sovereign states, because of their greater need to intervene in their domestic economies.

Download or read book 60 Years of the New York Convention written by Katia Fach Gomez and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide interest in the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards has never been higher, and the New York Convention of 1958, currently adhered to by 159 States including the major trading nations, remains the most successful treaty in this area of commercial law. This incomparable book, marking the Convention’s 60th anniversary, provides a fully updated analysis of the Convention’s application from international, comparative, and national perspectives. Drawing on a global conference held in Seville in April 2018 that was actively supported by UNCITRAL, the book’s 27 chapters, by highly qualified international practitioners and academics from different jurisdictions, address the subject with critical eyes, well aware of current developments and future challenges in the field of arbitration. Among the issues and topics covered are the following: Multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses. Applicability of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts. Complexities of enforcing orders determined by software. Enforcement of annulled awards. European Union law and the New York Convention. Enforcing awards against States and State entities. Sovereign immunity as a ground to refuse compliance with investor-State awards; Enforcement against non-signatories. Public policy exception. Arbitrating and enforcing foreign awards in specific countries and regions, including China, sub-Saharan Africa, and the ASEAN countries. Ample reference is made throughout to leading cases and practice. Familiarity with the intricacies of the New York Convention, as the most universally acknowledged framework in which cross-border economic exchanges can flourish, is essential for judges, practitioners, legal staff, business people, and scholars working with or applying international commercial arbitration anywhere in the world. This book’s combination of highly thought-provoking topics and the depth with which they are addressed will prove invaluable to all interested parties

Download or read book Diplomatic Law written by Eileen Denza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-14 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations has for over 50 years been central to diplomacy and applied to all forms of relations among sovereign States. Participation is almost universal. The rules giving special protection to ambassadors are the oldest established in international law and the Convention is respected almost everywhere. But understanding it as a living instrument requires knowledge of its background in customary international law, of the negotiating history which clarifies many of its terms and the subsequent practice of states and decisions of national courts which have resolved other ambiguities. Diplomatic Law provides this in-depth Commentary. The book is an essential guide to changing methods of modern diplomacy and shows how challenges to its regime of special protection for embassies and diplomats have been met and resolved. It is used by ministries of foreign affairs and cited by domestic courts world-wide. The book analyzes the reasons for the widespread observance of the Convention rules and why in the special case of communications - where there is flagrant violation of their special status - these reasons do not apply. It describes how abuse has been controlled and how the immunities in the Convention have survived onslaught by those claiming that they should give way to conflicting entitlements to access to justice and the desire to punish violators of human rights. It describes how the duty of diplomats not to interfere in the internal affairs of the host State is being narrowed in the face of the communal international responsibility to monitor and uphold human rights.

Download or read book Philippine Materials in International Law written by Raul C Pangalangan and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most authoritative international law documents in Philippine history are brought together in one book for the first time. These are primary materials that illuminate Philippine interpretations of international law doctrine.

Download or read book The Restrictive Theory of Foreign State Immunity at the Crossroads written by Okay Anyadiegwu and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sovereign Immunity Relating to State Commercial Activity written by A. P. Godwin and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enforcement of Arbitral Awards Against Sovereigns written by R. Doak Bishop and published by Juris Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen a veritable explosion of investment treaty and other arbitration claims brought against sovereigns. Many of those cases have been filed before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Claims (ICSID), which has its own self-contained rules for enforcement. Given this significant increase in sovereign cases and the issues attendant to sovereign immunity, this treatise is timely in addressing the various issues that arise in enforcing arbitral awards against sovereigns. One of the first questions posed to their counsel by clients considering the initiation of an arbitration proceeding against a sovereign state is whether and how the resulting award can be enforced. The origin of the client’s question is usually based in some knowledge that a state possesses sovereign immunity, along with an uncertain concern about the exceptions to such immunity and the difficulties of enforcement against a sovereign’s assets. This uncertainty is understandable, especially in light of the sometimes confusing and even contradictory court decisions in certain jurisdictions. It is these inquiries in their broadest application that form the subject of this treatise. With contributions by eminent and experienced practitioners of the multiple issues that have arisen in various jurisdictions and the key cases that have created the law of enforcement of obligations against sovereigns, this book will provide access to valuable information, add to the transparency of this subject and further spur the consistent development of this area of law. This book is divided into three parts. The first part is general in nature and includes chapters encompassing the subjects of sovereign immunity in general (including both immunity from jurisdiction and immunity from enforcement), treaty obligations to honor awards, diplomatic protection by a claimant’s government to obtain payment of awards, and conciliation and settlement. The second part of the book deals with the means of enforcing awards. Part three of this treatise addresses the enforcement issues that arise in specific jurisdictions in which enforcement against sovereign assets is often sought - in particular, the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, France, The Netherlands, and South America.