Download or read book The Chemistry of the Non benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Their Simple Derivatives written by Benjamin Talbott Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Nonbenzenoid Hydrocarbons written by Benjamin Talbott Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Non Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Their Simple Derivatives Classic Reprint written by Benjamin T. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-02 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Chemistry of the Non-Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Their Simple Derivatives The beautiful, interesting, and often facile chemistry of the benzene hydrocarbons has somewhat overshadowed the chemistry of the aliphatic open chain and cyclic non-benzenoid hydrocarbons. Certainly the chemistry of the former series has been much more fully rounded out. Judging from the customary method of treatment accorded them in our textbooks, there is some confusion in the arrangement of subject matter which does not give the student a proper idea of the close relationships and similarity of chemical behavior possessed by all the non-benzenoid hydrocarbons. Mr. Wells, in his "Outline of History," says: "There is a natural tendency in the human mind to exaggerate the differences and resemblances upon which classification is based, to suppose that things called by different names are altogether different, and that things called by the same name are practically identical. This tendency to exaggerate classification produces a thousand evils, . .." This tendency, which Mr. Wells deplores, is well shown by the use of the term "hydro-aromatic" hydrocarbons and the classification of cyclohexane and its derivatives with benzene. This term is still employed for cyclohexane and its simple derivatives, although its behavior is almost identical with that of normal hexane. The same applies to cyclopentane and its simple derivatives as compared with normal pentane, yet cyclopentane cannot be termed a "hydro-aromatic" hydrocarbon. Cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclononane, cyclobutane and cyclopropane should certainly be classed and described together with cyclohexane, as indeed Aschan and a few others have done. The differences in chemical properties between benzenoid ring systems and Non-Benzenoid hydrocarbons are well established, but in spite of the enormous amount of work done, have not yet received adequate explanation. As regards the aliphatic hydrocarbons proper, these fare very badly in most works on organic chemistry, particularly in the briefer textbooks. Usually, the entirely erroneous statement, or implication, is made that the so-called type reactions given for the first two or three members of the methane series hold good for the higher members. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Nonbenzenoid Hydrocarbons written by Benjamin T. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Non Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Their Simple Derivatives written by Benjamin Talbott Brooks and published by Arkose Press. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Non Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Their Simple Derivative written by Benjamin T. B. 1885 Brooks and published by Arkose Press. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Non benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Their Simple Derivatives written by Benjamin T Brooks and published by Alpha Edition. This book was released on 2019-09-28 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
Download or read book Introduction to the Theory of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons written by Ivan Gutman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last hundred years benzenoid hydrocarbons have constantly attracted the attention of both experimental and theoretical chemists. In spite of the fact that some of the basic concepts of the theory of benzenoid hydrocarbons have their origins in the 19th and early 20th century, research in this area is still in vigorous expansion. The present book provides an outline of the most important current theoretical approaches to benzenoids. Emphasis is laid on the recent developments of these theories, which can certainly be characterized as a significant advance. Em phasis is also laid on practical applications rather than on "pure" theory. The book assumes only some elementary knowledge of organic and physical chemistry and requires no special mathematical training. Therefore we hope that undergraduate students of chemistry will be able to follow the text without any difficulty. Since organic and physical chemists are nowadays not properly acquaint ed lVith the modern theory of benzenoid molecules, we hope that they will find this book both useful and informative. Our book is also aimed at theoretical chemists, especially those concerned with the "topological" features of organic molecules. The authors are indebted to Dr. WERNER SCHMIDT (Ahrensburg, FRG) for valuable discussions. One of the authors (1. G.) thanks the Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research for financial support during 1988, which enabled him to stay at the University of Trondheim and write the present book. Trondheim, July 1989 Ivan Gutman Sven J. Cyvin Contents Chapter 1 Benzenoid Hydrocarbons .
Download or read book Nonbenzenoid Aromatics written by James P. Snyder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonbenzenoid Aromatics, Volume II, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in the field of non-benzenoid aromatic compounds. The theme that threads its way through the six chapters is that of ""aromaticity,"" with each author making an effort to evaluate this concept in light of his own work. It is with this in mind that this treatise was initiated with an historical account tracing the development of the idea up to the discovery of the electron. The book begins with discussions of the estimation of the thermochemical and kinetic stability of a system which has not yet been synthesized and the calculation of electronic spectra. This is followed by separate chapters on the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of radical ions of nonbenzenoid aromatics; the theoretical and empirical bases of exaltation; and treatment of cyclic (4n + 2) p-electron systems with six or more p-electrons and bearing one or more formal charges. Subsequent chapters deal with the chemical binding and delocalization in phosphonitrilic derivatives, and cyclobutadiene-metal complexes.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Nonbenzenoid Aromatic Compounds II written by R. Kreher and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Nonbenzenoid Aromatic Compounds — II is a collection of plenary lectures presented at the Second International Symposium on the Chemistry of Nonbenzenoid Aromatic Compounds. Starting with a review of the synthesis and study of select heterocycles, the book includes results and developments in this area. A significant part of the reviews of nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds is the examination of annulenese that contain larger Huckel systems than benzene. The demand for better synthetic methods in the study has increased as bridged annulenes have been made for suitable models of testing theoretical concepts. Early studies on some nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds and the related problems are also discussed. A description of the syntheses of several polycyclic systems that contain potential cyclobutadiene rings follows. Studies are made on 8-oxoheptafulvene chemistry after earlier chemical and physical examination of heptafulvene and related compounds provided avenues for research. Some aspects of strained systems, [4]annulene and its Ch+adduct are reviewed in terms of usefulness when applying a theoretical guide, proving the calculations and experiments. Studies on higher membered annulenyl ions belonging to five groups are also discussed. Research chemists, students, and professors in chemistry and related fields such as organic chemistry will find this collection useful.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Ronald G. Harvey and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1991-11-07 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1991 volume was the first to review the chemical properties of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Download or read book Advances in the Theory of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons II written by Jon Brunvoll and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Fuels written by Harold H. Schobert and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Fuels is concerned with the chemical aspects of hydrofuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Topics covered include diagenesis and catagenesis, processing of natural gas and petroleum fractions, coal combustion, and chemicals that can be obtained from fuels. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with a comprehensive treatment of the formation of fuels from accumulated organic matter, along with the organic geochemistry of coal, oil, and gas. The following chapters focus on the composition of hydrocarbon fuels and some of their important physical properties. Production and use of synthesis gas, alternate fuels from coal, and oxygenated fuels are considered. The remaining chapters deal with some of the chemistry of separation, refining, and use of hydrocarbon fuels. This monograph is written primarily for practicing scientists and engineers, fuel scientists, petroleum chemists, and those who are new to the field of fuel science and seek an introduction to fuel chemistry.
Download or read book Kekul Structures in Benzenoid Hydrocarbons written by Sven J. Cyvin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is an attempt to outline the basic facts concerning Kekul€ structures in benzenoid hydrocarbons: their history, applica tions and especially enumeration. We further pOint out the numerous and often quite remarkable connections between this topic and various parts of combinatorics and discrete mathematics. Our book is primarily aimed toward organic and theoretical chemists interested in the enume ration of Kekule structures of conjugated hydrocarbons as well as to scientists working in the field of mathematical and computational chemistry. The book may be of some relevance also to mathematicians wishing to learn about contemporary applications of combinatorics, graph theory and other branches of discrete mathematics. In 1985, when we decided to prepare these notes for publication, we expected to be able to give a complete account of all known combi natorial formulas for the number of Kekule structures of benzenoid hydrocarbons. This turned out to be a much more difficult task than we initially realized: only in 1986 some 60 new publications appeared dealing with the enumeration of Kekule structures in benzenoids and closely related topics. In any event, we believe that we have collec ted and systematized the essential part of the presently existing results. In addition to this we were delighted to see that the topics to·which we have been devoted in the last few years nowadays form a rapidly expanding branch of mathematical chemistry which attracts the attention of a large number of researchers (both chemists and mathematicians).
Download or read book The Gas Phase Oxidation of Hydrocarbons written by V. Ya. Shtern and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gas-Phase Oxidation of Hydrocarbons reviews research on the mechanism of oxidation of paraffins, naphthenes, olefines, and aromatic hydrocarbons and explains in detail the phenomena and theories with significant kinetic equations and graphs. This book first presents a study of the development of research on the gaseous-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons. The non-chain schemes for the oxidation of hydrocarbons, such as hydroxylation, peroxidation, and aldehyde and dehydrogenation schemes, are then discussed. This book also presents experimental investigations and important topics such as oxidation of methane and olefinic hydrocarbons. This selection will be invaluable to students and experts in the field of chemistry and related disciplines.
Download or read book A Textbook of Organic Chemistry Volume 1 written by Mandeep Dalal and published by Dalal Institute. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced-level textbook of organic chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of the four-volume series, entitled “A Textbook of Organic Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV”. CONTENTS: CHAPTER 1. Nature of Bonding in Organic molecules: Delocalized Chemical Bonding; Conjugation; Cross Conjugation; Resonance; Hyperconjugation; Tautomerism; Aromaticity in Benzenoid and Nonbenzenoid Compounds; Alternant and Non-Alternant Hydrocarbons; Huckel’s Rule: Energy Level of p-Molecular Orbitals; Annulenes; Antiaromaticity; Homo-Aromaticity; PMO Approach; Bonds Weaker than Covalent; Addition Compounds: Crown Ether Complexes and Cryptands, Inclusion Compounds, Cyclodextrins; Catenanes and Rotaxanes CHAPTER 2. Stereochemistry: Chirality; Elements of symmetry; Molecules with more than one chiral centre: diastereomerism; Determination of relative and absolute configuration (octant rule excluded) with special reference to lactic acid, alanine & mandelic acid; Methods of resolution; Optical purity; Prochirality; Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces; Asymmetric synthesis: cram’s rule and its modifications, prelog’s rule; Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes (upto six membered rings); Decalins; Conformations of sugars; Optical activity in absence of chiral carbon (biphenyls, allenes and spiranes); Chirality due to helical shape; Geometrical isomerism in alkenes and oximes; Methods of determining the configuration CHAPTER 3. Reaction Mechanism: Structure and Reactivity: Types of mechanisms; Types of reactions; Thermodynamic and kinetic requirements; Kinetic and thermodynamic control; Hammond’s postulate; Curtin-Hammett principle; Potential energy diagrams: Transition states and intermediates; Methods of determining mechanisms; Isotope effects; Hard and soft acids and bases; Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes and nitrenes; Effect of structure on reactivity; The Hammett equation and linear free energy relationship; Substituent and reaction constants; Taft equation CHAPTER 4. Carbohydrates: Types of naturally occurring sugars; Deoxy sugars; Amino sugars; Branch chain sugars; General methods of determination of structure and ring size of sugars with particular reference to maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch and cellulose. CHAPTER 5. Natural and Synthetic Dyes: Various classes of synthetic dyes including heterocyclic dyes; Interaction between dyes and fibers; Structure elucidation of indigo and Alizarin CHAPTER 6. Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substtitution: The SN2, SN1, mixed SN1 and SN2, SNi , SN1’, SN2’, SNi’ and SET mechanisms; The neighbouring group mechanisms; neighbouring group participation by p and s bonds; anchimeric assistance; Classical and nonclassical carbocations; Phenonium ions; Common carbocation rearrangements; Applications of NMR spectroscopy in the detection of carbocations; Reactivity- effects of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium; Ambident nucleophiles and regioselectivity; Phase transfer catalysis. CHAPTER 7. Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution: Bimolecular mechanisms – SE2 and SEi; The SE1 mechanism; Electrophilic substitution accompained by double bond shifts; Effect of substrates, leaving group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity CHAPTER 8. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: The arenium ion: mechanism, orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams; The ortho/para ratio, ipso attack, orientation in other ring systems; Quantitative treatment of reactivity in substrates and electrophiles; Diazonium coupling; Vilsmeir reaction; Gattermann-Koch reaction CHAPTER 9. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The ArSN1, ArSN2, Benzyne and SRN1 mechanisms; Reactivity – effect of substrate structure, leaving group and attacking nucleophile; The von Richter, Sommelet-Hauser, and Smiles rearrangements CHAPTER 10. Elimination Reactions: The E2, E1 and E1cB mechanisms; Orientation of the double bond; Reactivity –effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group and the medium; Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic elimination CHAPTER 11. Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds: Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals; Regio–and chemoselectivity: orientation and reactivity; Addition to cyclopropane ring; Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds; Hydrogenation of aromatic rings; Hydroboration; Michael reaction; Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation. CHAPTER 12. Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds: Mechanism of metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acids, esters and nitriles; Addition of Grignard reagents, organozinc and organolithium; Reagents to carbonyl and unsaturated carbonyl compounds; Wittig reaction; Mechanism of condensation reactions involving enolates – Aldol, Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions; Hydrolysis of esters and amides; Ammonolysis of esters.
Download or read book Aromatic Character and Aromaticity written by G. M. Badger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1969-01-02 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1969, this book analyses the special properties of benzene and its derivatives, which give them their distinct aromatic character. The text first discusses the structure of benzene, including the light shed on it by physical methods and wave mechanics, and the structure of polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Aromaticity is defined as a function of the electronic structure of the molecule or ion in question and it is shown that this has important consequences in respect of bond lengths, resonance energies, electronic absorption spectra and induced ring currents. Final chapters discuss how far aromatic character and aromaticity are associated with non-benzenoid hydrocarbons and with more complex systems.
