Download or read book The Chemistry of Mercury in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean written by Robert Peter Mason and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global and Regional Mercury Cycles Sources Fluxes and Mass Balances written by W. Baeyens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential themes in the biochemical cycling of mercury are the relative importance of anthropogenic versus natural sources, transformation and migration processes at the local, regional and global scale, global emission inventories of different mercury sources (both point and diffuse) of both natural and anthropogenic origin. In this regard, Siberia, with its vast territory and variety of natural zones, is of special interest in the global mercury cycle and in terms of the influence of geographical zones on source and sink terms in regional budgets. Siberia contains large areas of mercuriferous belts; natural deposits that emit mercury into the atmosphere and water. Siberian gold has been mined with the use of mercury since the early 1800s. But there, too, huge forest zones and vast areas of tundra and wetland (bogs) can act as efficient sinks for atmospheric mercury. Audience: Environmental scientists, legislators, politicians and the interested citizen wishing to gain a clear picture of the biogeochemical cycling of mercury.
Download or read book Mercury Pollution Integration and Synthesis written by Carl J. Watras and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-11-11 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 57 chapters describing the results of original research and reviewing the state-of-the-science with respect to environmental mercury. Topics include analytical methodology, atmospheric cycling, freshwater and marine ecosystems, terrestrial processes, bioaccumulation, modeling, pollution and remediation, and human health and public policy.
Download or read book Alkylmercury species in the equatorial Pacific written by R. P. Mason and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Sea written by Michael E. Q. Pilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging introduction to marine chemistry and the ocean's geochemical interactions with the solid earth and atmosphere, for students of oceanography.
Download or read book Environmental chemistry of mercury Sources pathways transformations and impact written by Ashu Dastoor and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-29 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Air Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling written by Patrick Buat-Ménard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arises from a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute on 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling' held at Bombann@§. near Bordeaux, France. from 16 to 27 September 1985. The chapters of the book are the written versions of the lectures given at the Institute. The aim of the book is to give a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of the subject. presented in a teaching mode. The chapters contain much recent research material and attempt to give the reader an understanding of how the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling can be quantitatively assessed. In the last decade, major advances in the fields of marine and atmospheric chemistry have underlined the role of physical, chemical and biological processes at and near the air-sea interface in a number of geochemical cycles (C. S, N, metals etc ... ). Further, there is strong concern over the anthropogenic perturbation of these cycles on both regional and global scales. The first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 8) provides a review of topics fundamental to such studies. These topics include concepts in geochemical modelling, assessment of atmospheric transport from sources to the oceans. description of mixing and transport processes within the ocean for both dissolved and particulate materials, quantification of air-sea fluxes for both gases and particles, photochemical transformations in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.
Download or read book Mercury in the Environment written by Michael S. Bank and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mercury deposition and contamination is widespread and well documented, and it continues to be a public-health concern for certain sectors of the global human population in both developed and developing countries. This edited volume focuses on integrating the diverse sciences involved in the process of mercury cycling in the environment--from the atmosphere, through terrestrial and aquatic food webs, and human populations--to develop a comprehensive perspective on this important environmental pollutant. Using a systems-level approach, this book provides recommendations on mercury remediation, risk communication, education, and monitoring. In response to a growing need for understanding the cycling of this ubiquitous pollutant, the science of mercury has grown rapidly, expanding into several interdisciplinary fields and encompassing such disparate academic and scientific disciplines as biogeochemistry, economics, sociology, public health, decision sciences, physics, global change, and mathematics. Only recently have scientists really begun to establish more holistic approaches to studying mercury pollution, giving rise to investigations that have furthered the integration of a multi-tiered approach, especially by using chemistry, biology, and human health sciences collectively. The study of mercury pollution has produced a variety of contributions to domestic and international policies related to the management of mercury in the environment"-- Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Mercury as a Global Pollutant written by Donald B. Porcella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiv PART I MERCURY AND HUMAN HEALTH B. WHEATLEY and S. PARADIS I Exposure of Canadian Aboriginal Peoples to Methylmercury 3-11 M. GIRARD and C. DUMONT I Exposure of James Bay Cree to Methylmercury during Pregnancy for the Years 1983-91 13-19 M. RICHARDSON, M. MITCHELL, S. COAD and R. RAPHAEL I Exposure to Mercury in Canada: A Multimedia Analysis 21-30 M. RICHARDSON, M. EGYED and D. J. CURRIE I Human Exposure to Mercury may Decrease as Acidic Deposition Increases 31-39 L. E. FLEMING, S. WATKINS, R. KADERMAN, B. LEVIN, D. R. AVYAR, M. BIZZIO, D. STEPHENS and J. A. BEAN I Mercury Exposure in Humans through Food Consumption from the Everglades of Florida 41-48 J. M. GEARHART, H. J. CLEWELL III, K. S. CRUMP, A. M. SHIPP and A. SILVERS I Pharmacokinetic Dose Estimates of Mercury in Children and Dose-Response Curves of Performance Tests in a Large Epidemiological Study 49-58 I. SKARE I Mass Balance and Systemic Uptake of Mercury Released from Dental Amalgam Fillings 59-67 J. DELLINGER, N. KMIECIK, S. GERSTENBERGER and H. NGU I Mercury Contamina tion of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: I. Walleye Fillets and Skin-On versus Skin-Off Sampling 69-76 J. DELLINGER, L. MALEK and M. BEATTIE I Mercury Contamination of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: II. Sensory Evoked Responses in Rats Fed Walleye 77-83 H. AKAGI, O. MALM, F. J. P. BRANCHES, Y. KINJO, Y. KASHIMA, J. R. D. GUIMARAES, R. B. OLIVEIRA, K. HARAGUCHI, W. C. PFEIFFER, Y.
Download or read book Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere written by Nicola Pirrone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-15 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury, primarily because of its existence and bioaccumulation as methylmercury in aquatic organisms, is a concern for the health of higher trophic level organisms, or to their consumers. This is the major factor driving current research in mercury globally and in environmental regulation, and is the driver for the current UNEP Global Partnership for Mercury Transport and Fate Research (UNEP F&T) initiative. The overall focus of the UNEP F&T report is to assess the relative importance of different processes/mechanisms affecting the transfer of mercury (Hg) from emission sources to aquatic and terrestrial receptors and provide possible source-receptor relationships. This transfer occurs through atmospheric transport, chemical transformations and subsequent deposition, and involves the intermittent recycling between reservoirs that occurs prior to ultimate removal of Hg from the atmosphere. Understanding the sources, the global Hg transport and fate, and the impact of human activity on the biosphere, requires improved knowledge of Hg movement and transformation in the atmosphere. An improved understanding of Hg emission sources, fate and transport is important if there is to be a focused and concerted effort to set priorities and goals for Hg emission management and reduction at the national, regional and global levels; and to develop and implement such policies and strategies. To achieve this, a series of coordinated scientific endeavors focused on the estimation of sources, measurement and validation of concentrations and processes, and modeling, coupled with interpretation of the results within a policy framework, is likely to be required.
Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycling of Mercury in the Atmosphere ocean land System written by Yanxu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous trace metal in the environment originating from both natural and anthropogenic sources. It is a pollutant of concern because of the adverse human health effects caused by the consumption of fish and seafood containing methylmercury, which is a neurotoxin. Through development of two transport and chemistry models in the atmosphere and ocean, this dissertation investigates the regional Hg atmospheric transport and wet deposition over North America, and the global ocean Hg cycle as well its perturbation by anthropogenic Hg emissions. Chapter 2 develops a new nested-grid Hg simulation over North America with a 1/2° latitude by 2/3° longitude horizontal resolution employing the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. The nested model shows generally improved skill at capturing the high spatial and temporal variability of a variety of observations including wet deposition fluxes, surface concentrations and aircraft measurements of atmospheric Hg. We find that a hypothesized sub-grid rapid in-plume reduction of reactive to elemental Hg improves the model-observation comparison. The nested model suggests that North American anthropogenic emissions account for 10-22% of Hg wet deposition flux over the U.S., depending on whether the in-plume reduction process is included or not. Chapter 3 examines the trends in Hg precipitation concentrations at 47 Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) sites over the United States during 2004 - 2010. We run the model with constant anthropogenic emissions and subtract the model results from the observations in order to remove the influence of meteorological fluctuations. We find significant decreasing trends in the Northeast U.S. ( -4.3±2.2% yr[negative]1) and in the Midwest ( -2.5±1.6% yr[negative]1), but weaker trends over the Southeast ( -0.63±2.5% yr[negative]1) and West (+0.33±7.7% yr[negative]1). Sensitivity simulation with the nested-grid Hg simulation shows that the combination of domestic emission reductions and decreasing background concentrations explains the observed trends over Northeast and Midwest, with domestic emission reductions accounting for 51-33% of the decreasing trends. Chapter 4 implements Hg biogeochemistry in a global 3D offline ocean tracer model, OFFTRAC, and investigate the natural Hg cycle, prior to any anthropogenic input. This model simulates the transformations among different Hg species, and links them to carbon dynamics in the ocean. In the deep ocean, a region which is not expected to be significantly influenced by anthropogenic emissions, the modeled total Hg concentrations (Hg[superscript T], 1.1±0.3 pM) are consistent with observations (1.4±0.9 pM). High concentrations in the mixed layer are modeled at Southern Ocean, coastal regions, closed and shallow water body, western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. The modeled Hg[superscript T] concentrations in the deep old North Pacific waters are a factor of two higher than in the younger the deep North Atlantic because of the longer time to accumulate Hg sinking from the surface. The modeled fraction of elemental Hg (Hg0[subscript aq) is also higher in aged deep waters because of the slow accumulation of Hg0[subscript aq] generated by reduction of oxidized Hg in subsurface waters. Chapter 5 focuses on the perturbation of legacy anthropogenic Hg emissions (1450 - 2008) on oceanic Hg cycle. We couple the OFFTRAC-Hg simulation developed in Chapter 4 with the GEOS-Chem atmospheric Hg simulation. According to the model, the total Hg mass in the global ocean has increased from 1150 Mmol in 1450 to a present-day value of 1640 Mmol. The modeled anthropogenic Hg concentrations peak at a depth of 400-500 m. The model result shows that approximately 43% (210 Mmol) of the anthropogenic Hg resides at depths below the mixed layer and shallower than 1000 m, 55% (270 Mmol) at depths deeper than 1000 m, while only approximately 2% (10 Mmol) in the mixed layer. The model also suggests that sinking with particulate organic carbon is the major pathway for the anthropogenic Hg to penetrate into the deep ocean. The modeled anthropogenic Hg concentrations are higher over the east tropical Pacific Ocean, the east tropical Atlantic Ocean, tropical Indian, west coast of continents, and high-latitude North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, while being lower over centers of mid-latitude gyres and the Arctic Ocean.
Download or read book Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Mercury written by Guangliang Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the fundamentals, recent developments, and future research needs for critical mercury transformation and transport processes, as well as the experimental methods that have been employed in recent studies. The coverage discusses the environmental behavior and toxicological effects of mercury on organisms, including humans, and provides case studies at the end of each chapter. Bringing together information normally spread across several books, this text is unique in covering the entire mercury cycle and providing a baseline for what is known and what uncertainties remain in respect to mercury cycling.
Download or read book Organometallic Compounds in the Environment written by P. J. Craig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-12 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A knowledge of the chemical structure and concentration of organometal compounds throughout the ecosystem is important in working out the pathways and mechanisms by which metals distribute themselves throughout the environment. Treating the topic as an integrated subject area, the Second Edition of Organometallic Compounds in the Environment covers all the recent developments in analytical techniques and reports all the new work that has been achieved since the first book. Covers the general importance and characteristics of organometallic species. Includes general developments in analytical techniques. Discusses several minority elements including antimony and selenium. The book addresses the subject in a single, manageable size and each chapter can be used either as a single review or sequentially within the topic area. A useful resource for all researchers and scientists in industry working with organometallic compounds, including, chemists, environmentalists and ecologists.
Download or read book Dissertations Symposium on Chemical Oceanography written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercury Pollution written by Sharon L. Zuber and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does mercury get out of the ground and into our food? Is tuna safe to eat? What was the Minamata Disaster? Mercury Pollution: A Transdisciplinary Treatment addresses these questions and more. The editors weave interdisciplinary threads into a tapestry that presents a more complete picture of the effects of mercury pollution and provides new way
Download or read book Mercury as a Global Pollutant written by Donald B. Porcella and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiv PART I MERCURY AND HUMAN HEALTH B. WHEATLEY and S. PARADIS I Exposure of Canadian Aboriginal Peoples to Methylmercury 3-11 M. GIRARD and C. DUMONT I Exposure of James Bay Cree to Methylmercury during Pregnancy for the Years 1983-91 13-19 M. RICHARDSON, M. MITCHELL, S. COAD and R. RAPHAEL I Exposure to Mercury in Canada: A Multimedia Analysis 21-30 M. RICHARDSON, M. EGYED and D. J. CURRIE I Human Exposure to Mercury may Decrease as Acidic Deposition Increases 31-39 L. E. FLEMING, S. WATKINS, R. KADERMAN, B. LEVIN, D. R. AVYAR, M. BIZZIO, D. STEPHENS and J. A. BEAN I Mercury Exposure in Humans through Food Consumption from the Everglades of Florida 41-48 J. M. GEARHART, H. J. CLEWELL III, K. S. CRUMP, A. M. SHIPP and A. SILVERS I Pharmacokinetic Dose Estimates of Mercury in Children and Dose-Response Curves of Performance Tests in a Large Epidemiological Study 49-58 I. SKARE I Mass Balance and Systemic Uptake of Mercury Released from Dental Amalgam Fillings 59-67 J. DELLINGER, N. KMIECIK, S. GERSTENBERGER and H. NGU I Mercury Contamina tion of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: I. Walleye Fillets and Skin-On versus Skin-Off Sampling 69-76 J. DELLINGER, L. MALEK and M. BEATTIE I Mercury Contamination of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: II. Sensory Evoked Responses in Rats Fed Walleye 77-83 H. AKAGI, O. MALM, F. J. P. BRANCHES, Y. KINJO, Y. KASHIMA, J. R. D. GUIMARAES, R. B. OLIVEIRA, K. HARAGUCHI, W. C. PFEIFFER, Y.
Download or read book Metal Ions in Biological Systems written by Astrid Sigel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-02-14 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details analytical methods for the determination of mercury and covers the biogeochemical cycling of mercury in lakes, rivers, oceans, the soil and the atmosphere. This volume also examines the microbial transformation of mercury species, their accumulation in the food chain, the physiology and toxicology, and more.
