Download or read book Chemistry written by Steven S. Zumdahl and published by Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2012 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steve and Susan Zumdahl's texts focus on helping students build critical thinking skills through the process of becoming independent problem-solvers. They help students learn to "think like a chemists" so they can apply the problem solving process to all aspects of their lives. In CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH, 1e, International Edition the Zumdahls use a meaningful approach that begins with the atom and proceeds through the concept of molecules, structure, and bonding, to more complex materials and their properties. Because this approach differs from what most students have experienced in high school courses, it encourages them to focus on conceptual learning early in the course, rather than relying on memorization and a "plug and chug" method of problem solving that even the best students can fall back on when confronted with familiar material. The atoms first organization provides an opportunity for students to use the tools of critical thinkers: to ask questions, to apply rules and models and to

Download or read book Chemistry 2e written by Paul Flowers and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition.

Download or read book Chemical Equilibrium written by William Guenther and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * The present work is designed to provide a practical introduction to aqueous equilibrium phenomena for both students and research workers in chemistry, biochemistry, geochemistry, and interdisciplin ary environmental fields. The pedagogical strategy I have adopted makes heavy use of detailed examples of problem solving from real cases arising both in laboratory research and in the study of systems occurring in nature. The procedure starts with mathematically complete equations that will provide valid solutions of equilibrium problems, instead of the traditional approach through approximate concentrations and idealized, infinite-dilution assumptions. There is repeated emphasis on the use of corrected, conditional equilibrium constants and on the checking of numerical results by substitution in complete equations and/or against graphs of species distributions. Graphical methods of calculation and display are used extensively because of their value in clarifying equilibria and in leading one quickly to valid numerical approximations. The coverage of solution equilibrium phenomena is not, however, exhaustively comprehensive. Rather, I have chosen to offer funda mental and rigorous examinations of homogeneous step-equilibria and their interactions with solubility and redox equilibria. Many examples are worked out in detail to demonstrate the use of equi librium calculations and diagrams in various fields of investigation.

Download or read book Calculations of Chemical Equilibria written by A. S. Kazanskaya and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Computation of Chemical Equilibria written by F. van Zeggeren and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-17 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1970 book, the authors derive the equations describing equilibria in different types of system and outline the effect of variation of the parameters of the system on the equilibrium composition by using equilibrium calculations in high temperature, high pressure processes, in rocketry and in explosives technology.

Download or read book Chemical Equilibrium Problems Treated by Geometric and Transcendental Programming written by Gideon Lidor and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chemical equilibrium problem--finding the equilibrium composition of a multiphase, multicomponent system--is of interest in the study of chemical systems in general, with many potential applications in biochemistry and biomedicine. The problem can be posed as a nonlinear program, where a convex 'free energy' function is minimized, subject to linear mass balance equations. There is an associated dual chemical problem, equivalent to a geometric program when the system is ideal. This work studies the chemical duality and applies the existing theory of geometric programming to analyze and solve chemical problems. Some general characteristics of free energy functions are developed and are used to analyze the properties of equilibrium solutions. Chemical duality is applied to formulate and solve a class of related problems which are of a different nature than the original chemical equilibrium problem. A dual cutting-plane algorithm is adapted from a method developed for geometric programs and is tested and compared to a standard chemical equilibrium code. Geometric programming theory is extended to include forms having variables as exponents. The resulting 'transcendental geometric programs' are shown to be a generalization of chemical problems, where the system is not ideal.

Download or read book The Chemical Equilibrium Problem written by James Harold Bigelow and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has long been known that the problem of determining the equilibrium composition of a solution of chemically reacting species could be formulated as a constrained minimum problem. Previous methods for solving the chemical equilibrium problem in this form have had much success. However, all such methods run into trouble whenever degeneracy or near-degeneracy occurs during the computational procedure. The paper shows that the constrained minimum formulation of the chemical equilibrium problem is equivalent to a generalized linear program which can in turn be replaced by a quadratic program. In these alternative forms, degeneracy is more easily accomodated than in previous methods. (Author).

Download or read book General Chemistry written by Ralph H. Petrucci and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Equilibrium Problems with Unbounded Constraint Sets written by James Harold Bigelow and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of the use of mathematical models to explore the chemical aspects of physiological systems; this deals with the theoretical and computational aspects of understanding the chemistry of human physiological function. The question of existence of solutions to problems having unbounded constraint sets is investigated by relating their existence (or nonexistence) to a property of a solution to an auxiliary chemical equilibrium problem with a bounded constraint set. An example system is selected consisting of gases in contact with an aqueous buffer solution at a uniform total hydrostatic pressure and temperature. The numerical problem of determining the amount of CO2 to be added to achieve a specified partial pressure of CO2 in the gas phase, and its effects on the composition of the total system, is solved by using a procedure suggested by the concept of unbounded constraint sets. Findings may apply to design of artificial life-support systems needed in extraterrestrial environments related to Air Force missions. (Author).

Download or read book Chemical Equilibrium written by Allen J. Bard and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Equilibrium Problems and Applications written by Gábor Kassay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equilibrium Problems and Applications develops a unified variational approach to deal with single-valued, set-valued and quasi-equilibrium problems. The authors promote original results in relationship with classical contributions to the field of equilibrium problems. The content evolved in the general setting of topological vector spaces and it lies at the interplay between pure and applied nonlinear analysis, mathematical economics, and mathematical physics. This abstract approach is based on tools from various fields, including set-valued analysis, variational and hemivariational inequalities, fixed point theory, and optimization. Applications include models from mathematical economics, Nash equilibrium of non-cooperative games, and Browder variational inclusions. The content is self-contained and the book is mainly addressed to researchers in mathematics, economics and mathematical physics as well as to graduate students in applied nonlinear analysis. - A rigorous mathematical analysis of Nash equilibrium type problems, which play a central role to describe network traffic models, competition games or problems arising in experimental economics - Develops generic models relevant to mathematical economics and quantitative modeling of game theory, aiding economists to understand vital material without having to wade through complex proofs - Reveals a number of surprising interactions among various equilibria topics, enabling readers to identify a common and unified approach to analysing problem sets - Illustrates the deep features shared by several types of nonlinear problems, encouraging readers to develop further this unifying approach from other viewpoints into economic models in turn

Download or read book The Numerical Solution of the Chemical Equilibrium Problem written by Richard J. Clasen and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In physical chemistry, the 'chemical equilibrium problem' is the problem of determining the distribution of chemical species that minimizes the free energy of a system while conserving the mass of each of the chemical elements. The reactions occurring within the chemical system may be quite complex. However, in a great number of cases, the mathematical statement of the problem can be simplified to a particular mathematical form (AD-605 316 and Dantzig and DeHaven, J. Chem. Phys. 36:2620-2627 (1962)) involving the minimization of a nonlinear objective function over a set of linear constraints. This Memorandum presents the numerical solution of the chemical equilibrium problem by describing methods for starting the solution when an initial estimate is not available, and for improving an initial estimate to make it feasible. It presents a firstorder method and a second-order method for solving the chemical equilibrium problem in the context of the linearlogarithmic programming problem (AD-407 547) and provides convergence criteria for the majority of problems of this type that are likely to be attempted. (Author).

Download or read book A Real Homotopy for Chemical Equilibrium Problem written by Walter Zulehner and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Problem Solving in General Chemistry written by Ronald A. DeLorenzo and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Problem Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry written by James N. Jensen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-01-12 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry Enables civil and environmental engineers to understand the theory and application of aquatic equilibrium chemistry The second edition of A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry provides a detailed introduction to aquatic equilibrium chemistry, calculation methods for systems at equilibrium, applications of aquatic chemistry, and chemical kinetics. The text directly addresses two required ABET program outcomes in environmental engineering: “… chemistry (including stoichiometry, equilibrium, and kinetics)” and “material and energy balances, fate and transport of substances in and between air, water, and soil phases.” The book is very student-centered, with each chapter beginning with an introduction and ending with a summary that reviews the chapter’s main points. To aid in reader comprehension, important terms are defined in context and key ideas are summarized. Many thought-provoking discussion questions, worked examples, and end of chapter problems are also included. Each part of the text begins with a case study, a portion of which is addressed in each subsequent chapter, illustrating the principles of that chapter. In addition, each chapter has an Historical Note exploring connections with the people and cultures connected to topics in the text. A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry includes: Fundamental concepts, such as concentration units, thermodynamic basis of equilibrium, and manipulating equilibria Solutions of chemical equilibrium problems, including setting up the problems and algebraic, graphical, and computer solution techniques Acid–base equilibria, including the concepts of acids and bases, titrations, and alkalinity and acidity Complexation, including metals, ligands, equilibrium calculations with complexes, and applications of complexation chemistry Oxidation-reduction equilibria, including equilibrium calculations, graphical approaches, and applications Gas–liquid and solid–liquid equilibrium, with expanded coverage of the effects of global climate change Other topics, including chemical kinetics of aquatic systems, surface chemistry, and integrative case studies For advanced/senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students in environmental engineering courses, A Problem-Solving Approach to Aquatic Chemistry serves as an invaluable learning resource on the topic, with a variety of helpful learning elements included throughout to ensure information retention and the ability to apply covered concepts in practical settings.

Download or read book Principles of Modern Chemistry written by David W. Oxtoby and published by Harcourt Brace College Publishers. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY has dominated the honors and high mainstream general chemistry courses and is considered the standard for the course. The fifth edition is a substantial revision that maintains the rigor of previous editions but reflects the exciting modern developments taking place in chemistry today. Authors David W. Oxtoby and H. P. Gillis provide a unique approach to learning chemical principles that emphasizes the total scientific process'from observation to application'placing general chemistry into a complete perspective for serious-minded science and engineering students. Chemical principles are illustrated by the use of modern materials, comparable to equipment found in the scientific industry. Students are therefore exposed to chemistry and its applications beyond the classroom. This text is perfect for those instructors who are looking for a more advanced general chemistry textbook.

Download or read book Chemistry written by Bruce Averill and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasises on contemporary applications and an intuitive problem-solving approach that helps students discover the exciting potential of chemical science. This book incorporates fresh applications from the three major areas of modern research: materials, environmental chemistry, and biological science.