Download or read book Army Organizational Effectiveness Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organizational Effectiveness written by Ivan T. Robertson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-10-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizational Effectiveness: The Role of Psychology examines psychological approaches in organizations, not from the more common perspective of their impact on individuals, but in relation to how the work of psychologists impacts on the overall effectiveness of the organization. It also provides a critical review of what psychology has to offer; the way psychologists choose the problems they address, work with others, and evaluate and demonstrate the impact they have. Robertson, Callinan and Bartram have brought together leading researchers and practitioners in work and organizational psychology. Each chapter provides a review of current knowledge, practice, issues and future directions in their own area of expertise, with a focus on contributions and implications for organizational functioning and the wider arena of managerial thinking. This book is for anyone interested in understanding the complex relations between individual, group and organisational performance and effectiveness. It is a valuable and challenging resource for advanced students and practitioners of occupational psychology, organizational behaviour, HRM, and psychological consultancy in organizations.
Download or read book Challenge of Organizational Change written by Rosabeth Moss Kanter and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1992 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era of increased global competition, of business takeovers, downsizing, restructuring, and even outright failure, intelligent organizational change is the most difficult challenge facing American business. The authors present a comprehensive overview which will be essential for managers.
Download or read book Organizational Effectiveness written by Kim S. Cameron and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizational Effectiveness: A Comparison of Multiple Models directly addresses the issues of non-integration and non-comparability. This book not only provides well thought out approaches to effectiveness as a construct, but also practical suggestions for improving effectiveness in organizations. A set of integrating questions that raise theoretical, conceptual, empirical, research, practical, and managerial issues are also included. This text likewise compares and contrasts theoretical and philosophical roots of a particular perspective with other perspectives. This publication is intended for scholars and researchers seeking to understand and measure organizational effectiveness, as well as practitioners who are faced with the problem of managing and improving their own organization's effectiveness.
Download or read book Organizational Structure and Design written by Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-12-06 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook explores major issues and concepts in organizational structure and design. It details strategic and business issues that merit consideration while framing or designing the organizational structure. Working with a range of industry examples and case studies, this volume: Relates organizational structure and design issues with organizational culture and change management, power and politics, and policies and strategies Covers several key topics, including the structure-strategy debate, viable system model, issues pertaining to organizational culture, change management, power, and conflict Discusses various models of organizational structure like matrix, global business unit, strategic business unit, hybrid, functional and divisional, modular, networked, agile, helix, etc., in relation to organizational practices and their strategic influence over the organization Enables readers to challenge organizational design in times of uncertainty Concise, lucid, and engaging, this book will be useful to students, academics, management researchers, and industry professionals in the fields of general management, organizational behaviour, and human resource management and development.
Download or read book Influencing Organizational Effectiveness written by Linda Holbeche and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book Linda Holbeche offers an historical narrative on the changing landscape of work since the 1980s and considers how definitions of organizational effectiveness have changed over time. She considers the characteristics and effects of the neo-liberal work culture of new capitalism, and how HRM practices have contributed to shaping this work culture. Influencing Organizational Effectiveness challenges mainstream thinking around business strategy, change and organizational effectiveness, and about the roles of HRM and management. While the overall tone of the book is critical, Holbeche argues that HRM can play an active role in giving voice to employees and advancing organizational effectiveness. Grounded in research, this book includes reflective questions, case studies and helpful guidelines to support HRM and organizational development professionals and master's-level students. It illustrates what ‘better’ might look like and how HRM can contribute to a new definition of effectiveness which is aligned to the needs of modern organizations.
Download or read book Creating the Congruent Workplace written by Lloyd C. Williams and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2002-06-30 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For organizational and personal change to happen and be sustainable, there must first be a system of thought balanced against action. Williams and his concept of congruence provide an alternative to the often chaotic, unbalanced ways in which change is currently understood and its accomplishment attempted. He challenges the organizational model of compartmentalized structures, offers a persuasive refutation of the fashionable paradigm of organizational transformation (one based on dominance and control), and argues a provocative notion that innovation is actually the successful result of reworking what has not worked before. A new look at the processes that create organizational movement, Williams' latest book is a guide for leaders, managers, consultants, and corporate practitioners, and a new way for students, teachers, and researchers to rethink the entire change process. Williams has found through his own experience that people focus too closely on the action behaviors of organizations and too little on the thinking behind them. The result is that gaps open up and create pitfalls in our efforts to achieve excellence in human and organizational performance. Williams suggests that organizations innovate themselves into failure. To counter this, he provides a true systemic approach to enhancing organizational performance, a system of what he visualizes as congruence, a way to fit thoughts to actions. It is as much a way of thinking, says Williams, as it is a method toward goals—goals that are clear and essential to the survival of any organization. Drawing liberally upon his own expertise as a teacher, consultant, and therapist, he helps others to appreciate the successes that can be realized when balance and the alignment of thought and action are achieved, and when the search for change becomes a planned, focused, and systemic endeavor.
Download or read book Customer Centric Marketing Strategies Tools for Building Organizational Performance written by Kaufmann, Hans-Ruediger and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As customer orientation continues to gain importance in the marketing field, there has been a growing concern for organizations to implement effective customer centric policies. Customer-Centric Marketing Strategies: Tools for Building Organizational Performance provides a more conceptual understanding on customer-centric marketing strategies as well as revealing the success factors of these concepts. This book will discuss how to improve the organizations financial and marketing performance.
Download or read book Business Process Management Current Applications and the Challenges of Adoption written by Renata Gabryelczyk and published by Cognitione Foundation for Dissemination of Knowledge and Science. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Business Process Management (BPM) has been evolving for over 25 years in information systems research, management science, and organizational practice (Vom Brocke & Mendling, 2018). The earliest characteristics of BPM concentrated around process analysis, improvement and control, in a less strict manner that required reengineering (Elzinga, Horak, Lee, & Bruner, 1995). More mature approaches, observed since the year 2000, have been promoting the so-called process thinking, i.e. managing an organization from a process-based point of view. These approaches emphasize that process and team work oriented organizational structures should be aligned with other management systems. Process management should be holistic by its nature so as to cover an entire organization. Although BPM researchers stressed the need for system thinking at that time, published literature distinguished two perspectives of looking at BPM: the organizational perspective and the technological perspective of BPM. From the organizational perspective, authors focused on a number of key factors, i.e., process governance, a process-based organizational structure concept, customer orientation of internal and external processes, managing an organization based on process outputs, building process relations, and improving process maturity throughout the customer value chain, as well as through strategically aligning process initiatives to organizational objectives. From the technological perspective, the key factors of interest to authors, referred to as BPMS (Business Process Management System), include IT methods, techniques and tools that support the designing, implementation, modeling and simulation of business processes and are considered to be an extension of classical workflow systems or an environment for designing management support IT systems, e.g. ERP class systems. An integrated and interdisciplinary approach was proposed in the framework of six core BPM elements required for the holistic and sustainable use of process management (Rosemann & Vom Brocke, 2010). These include strategic alignment, governance, methods, information technology, people and culture. In this sense, technology is only one of six closely interrelated elements. Currently, there are two distinct directions in the evolution of BPM: traditional BPM and digital BPM. The former encompasses methods, techniques and systems that traditionally lead to increased organizational efficiency and to improved process effectiveness and flexibility. Although studies on BPM have been continuously evolving, some research gaps still remain open. The traditional understanding of process management seems particularly vital to organizations in developing economies, which sometimes follow practices and models that were designed and tested in highly developed countries, but should also be committed to drawing on their own experience and understanding of their local business environment (Gabryelczyk & Roztocki, 2018). Research on BPM in this traditional focus is still needed to better document, implement and improve idiosyncratic business processes in the context of an organization, environment, culture, and country. This is also confirmed by research conducted under the JEMI Special Issue on Business Process Management. Besides the traditionally shaped approach to BPM, organizations increasingly treat BPM as a driver of organizational innovation and as an essential part of the digital transformation (Vom Brocke & Schmiedel, 2015). New digital technologies such as social media, digital platforms, big data and advanced data analytics, blockchains, robotics, etc., enable development and growth in a constantly changing environment. To take advantage of these opportunities in the digital world, organizations require new BPM competences and capabilities. However, digital disruption creates quite a challenge for the BPM research community. How can BPM capabilities be developed in order to achieve adaptability, growth, flexibility, and agility? How can BPM foster innovations within and throughout organizations? These are just some of the issues for future BPM-related research. Threads associated with employing BPM for digital transformation have been included in a proposed Special Issue on BPM. This Special Issue on BPM consists of six articles including contributions from invited authors from three transition economies: Croatia, Slovakia, and Poland. All of the papers focus on applications of the process approach to management or directly to the adoption of Business Process Management. The majority of articles relate to the traditional BPM thread, although the indicated BPM alliances with other concepts such as Knowledge Management, Change Management, and Project Management are worthy of note. Only one article addresses the topic of BPM in the context of digital transformation. The nature and structure of these articles may be indicative of the current motivational factors and process maturity levels of organizations adopting ordinary and/or advanced BPM practices. When analyzing the content of individual articles, we pay attention to the factors underlying BPM adoption. We understand the primary motivation to be the expected benefits from BPM. Therefore, we can assume this Special Issue to be a contribution to BPM development in the form of the indicating motivation and triggers for BPM adoption. The first paper, by Jerzy Auksztol and Magdalena Chomuszko, proposes a process-based approach to construct a Data Control Framework for Standard Audit File for Tax (SAF-T). The process approach is used to redesign the internal financial control processes and procedures of an organization to meet the new requirements of a fiscal audit. The process approach, combined with risk management and quality management, is, therefore, a tool supporting entrepreneurs adapting to new regulations imposed on them by their external environment, particularly those of tax authorities. Therefore, in this case, the main motivation for adopting elements of BPM was the impact of external environment factors. The paper by Ana-Marija Stjepić, Lucija Ivančić, and Dalia Suša Vugec focuses on the link between Business Process Management and digital transformation. The authors have developed a theoretical framework for the emerging role of BPM in digitalization and as a guide for researchers and practitioners conducting digital transformation initiatives in organizations. The results obtained in the article prove that the set goals and expected benefits of digital transformation can be achieved by a rethink and improvement of the processes, with a particular focus on end-to-end customer processes through supply chain management. Based on this article, we can conclude that one of the main motivational factors for BPM adoption is a desire to obtain the benefits of digital transformation. The article written by Miroslava Nyulásziová and Dana Paľová takes up the issues of using and linking the process approach and BPM lifecycle with the designing of decision support systems. The authors of this paper have developed an innovative system for decision support by implementing modeling, analysis, and improvement methods to the transportation process in the studied organization. The forwarding company’s case study presented in the paper also shows how BPM adoption began with a single main process that has been streamlined and automated. Therefore, the motivations for BPM adoption were not only operational, relating to the optimization of the cost of the process, but also managerial, oriented on improving the decision-making process. The use of information technology allowed the full exploitation of the potential for process improvements. The next paper by Olga Sobolewska is about incorporating the issues of BPM into the contemporary challenges of network organizations. The author claims that the organization’s orientation towards both business processes and knowledge management is a strong success factor for network cooperation. The author argues that modern organizations should focus on managing knowledge-oriented processes to become attractive to cooperation partners for network organizations. In this article, BPM adoption is of a strategic nature for the purposes of undertaking new forms of cooperation. The paper by Hubert Bogumił has an interdisciplinary character and, in a unique way, shows the connections between the concepts of process management, organizational change management, and IT project management. The author undertook the challenge of examining how problems for organizations managing IT projects facilitate in different ways the use of distinctive approaches to improve business processes. The author emphasizes that the main difficulty is the fact that modern organizations most often use a hybrid approach, with elements of both traditional project management and agile. The need to create a work environment that takes into account the risk of unexpected system and business regression, as well as a diagnosis of the causes and methods of its mitigation, is the initial research result in this paper. This article contributes to the development of BPM governance and integration of IT governance. The motivational factors for BPM are multi-faceted, as is the scope of the article. However, their managerial and cultural character (related to methods of communication and rules of cooperation in teams) should be emphasized. The article by Agnieszka Bitkowska concerns the integration of the concept of Knowledge Management and BPM. The author restates in her article that the identification, acquisition, presentation and documentation of knowledge are not independent tasks, but are implemented within business processes. In this paper, the correlations between BPM and Knowledge Management have been examined and the benefits and practical implications resulting from the integrated implementation of both concepts are emphasized. In the case of this article, BPM adoption can be a success factor for the implementation of Knowledge Management and the achievement of associated benefits. Studying Business Process Management from the different angles presented in this Special Issue should enrich our understanding of current BPM practices and better realize future challenges, especially those related to BPM development in the context of digital transformation and the integration of BPM with other management-related concepts. In addition, the contribution made by the authors of this Special Issue allowed us to see various motivations and triggers for BPM adoption, from operational, to managerial, strategic, cultural and technological ones, and those driven by the external environment. We would like to thank the authors for their contribution to this Special Issue. We would also like to thank all the reviewers for their valuable comments, which helped the authors improve their articles significantly. We are firmly convinced that the BPM research results presented in this Special Issue will help strengthen the existing body of BPM knowledge. We recommend reading the related issue of the JEMI journal to the wider community of BPM researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts. Guest Editors Renata Gabryelczyk , Tomislav Hernaus Acknowledgments The editorial work on this Special Issue was supported by the Polish National Science Centre, Poland, Grant No. 2017/27/B/HS4/01734. References Elzinga, D. J., Horak, T., Lee, C.-Y., & Bruner, C. (1995). Business process management: Survey and methodology. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 42(2), 119-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/17.387274 Gabryelczyk, R., & Roztocki, N. (2018). Business process management success framework for transition economies. Information Systems Management, 35(3), 234-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2018.1477299http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2018.1477299 Rosemann, M., & Vom Brocke, J. (2010). The six core elements of business process management. In Handbook on Business Process Management 1. Cham: Springer. Vom Brocke, J., & Mendling, J. (Eds.). (2018). Business Process Management Cases. Digital Innovation and Business Transformation in Practice. Berlin: Springer. Vom Brocke, J., & Schmiedel, T. (Eds.). (2015). BPM-Driving Innovation in a Digital World. Cham: Springer.
Download or read book Building High Performance People and Organizations written by Martha I. Finney and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Business success depends on employee innovation, drive, skill, endurance, and dedication. Engaged employees, studies show, provide tangible advantages to the organization like greater customer satisfaction and improved profitability. In contrast, the Gallup Organization has discovered that disengaged workers cost U.S. business between $250 billion and $350 billion each year. How do you engage employees and, in turn, create the high-performance organization? That's what this set is all about. From the latest theories on motivation to innovations in HR to methods to increase employee retention, it provides the essential insights and tools managers, leaders, and HR people need to find new ways to succeed—while keeping employees happy, productive, and loyal. Employees know that cradle-to-grave—or even week-to-week—employment security is a thing of the past, and that they are at the helm of their own career ship. Discerning consumers in the employment marketplace, they therefore seek employment opportunities that speak not only to their wallets and life circumstances, but also to their desire to find work that provides purpose and passion. How can employers meet these needs and create a team of engaged employees? That's a large question, and one that spans a spectrum of issues that includes career development, human resource management, and the alignment between individual and organizational goals. In these three volumes, leaders and managers will find answers. They feature articles, interviews, and reports from academics, psychologists, managers in the practical corporate world, and experts in career management. Despite what Donald Trump might say, work is personal, and the ways in which individuals navigate the organizational environment—and businesses organize to seek, attract, and retain the best employees—is of primary concern. That goes double in these turbulent times, when job security is at stake, cynicism rampant, and loyalty at risk. Building High-Performance People and Organizations connects the dots so employers can maintain a loyal, satisfied, and productive workforce. Volume 1: The New Employer-Employee Relationship looks at trends in demographics and the general business environment leading to and driving the concept of employee engagement. Volume 2: The Engaged Workplace: Organizational Strategies focuses on real-world organizational strategies to find, develop, and retain the best employees, with an emphasis on innovative practices in both the U.S. and internationally. Volume 3: Case Studies and Conversations features interviews with thought leaders in the entire landscape of performance management and employee engagement. Their insights will provide readers with the absolute latest thinking in their fields of expertise. Volume 3 also contains short case studies of companies that are pioneering high-performance cultures.
Download or read book Strategy Organization and Performance Management written by Soeren Dressler and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing effective organizations is a key challenge for companies in particular in the fast-moving business world of today. The late 1990s and early 2000s have seen multiple Organization Management innovations applied successfully such as Business Process Outsourcing, Shared Services and Offshoring. Advanced techniques such as Balanced Scorecards and integrated Planning Systems have become effective enablers for strategy execution. This book spans a framework from strategy definition and designing strategy-compliant organizations to monitoring effective implementation and Performance Management. On this journey basic principles of Organization Management are discussed in detail and at the same time state-of-the-art Best Practices are highlighted. A set of to-the-point case studies demonstrate how leading-edge companies make effective use of the concepts discussed. The approach of the book is of great use for both: students underway to become Organization Management practioners and experienced business experts in search of the latest thinking and tools to enhance Organizational Effectiveness - and everybody in between. Instant access to electronic ebook edition available. Click on Diesel eBooks logo to the left.
Download or read book Promoting Workplace Well being written by N. Thompson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together contributors from a wide range of disciplines, countries and perspectives this book provides a thought-provoking overview of the human dimension of the workplace. It covers workplace problems as well as potential solutions. Essential reading for anyone committed to making the workplace a humane and effective place.
Download or read book Developing and Enhancing Teamwork in Organizations written by Eduardo Salas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing and Enhancing Teamwork in Organizations Today’s team-based organizations face an unprecedented range of challenges. Many teams reflect the diversity of its members which vary in experience, education, and training. To add to the complexity, teams often include people who are not in the same room together, are geographically dispersed, and are connected only by electronic media. Developing and Enhancing Teamwork in Organizations is a volume in the SIOP Professional Practice Series that brings together leading edge practitioners and academics who share their knowledge about effective teamwork. The book contains evidence-based guidelines designed to offer practitioners advice, recommendations, and strategies for developing and sustaining teams that consistently function at peak performance. With contributions from leading experts in the field, this important resource covers team-based performance approaches from a wide range of activities and industries. For example, the volume explores team work in the NASA organization supporting astronauts, superior performance in football, and also in the military and industry. In addition, the contributors include information concerning healthcare organizations and their delivery of vital services. Each illustrative example reviews the lessons learned and the principles and the findings that were most influential when composing and managing a particular work team. International in scope, the volume clearly shows what it takes for team-based organizations to excel in the 21st Century. A division of the American Psychological Association and established in 1945, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) is the premier association for professionals charged with enhancing human well-being and performance in organizational and work settings. SIOP has more than 7,000 members.
Download or read book Building Corporate IQ Moving the Energy Business from Smart to Genius written by Ruud Weijermars and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building Corporate IQ - Moving the Energy Business from Smart to Genius gives a clear outline of organizational intelligence and provides a framework for practitioners of good leadership. The synthesis starts with an overview of the fundamental skills and competencies mastered by leaders and team members in organizations. Building Corporate IQ - Moving the Energy Business from Smart to Genius also includes a corporate IQ test that is designed to help leaders gain insight into how their organization can stay at the competitive frontier. Illustrated with case studies from the energy sector, Building Corporate IQ - Moving the Energy Business from Smart to Genius explains the guiding principles of organizational learning, with the goal of developing better organizational intelligence. It is intended as an indispensable guide for managers at all levels to help them meet and recognize new challenges in the corporate innovation process. “For the third millennium, with the increase in depersonalized electronic communication, business leaders, especially in the energy industry, must quickly develop organizational intelligence in their organizations to survive. This book sets out the modus operandi.” Crispian McCredie, former Managing Director and Publisher, The Petroleum Economist “MBA graduates and seasoned professionals will find this executive guide a powerful reference during their careers.” Ken Graham, former Head Global Leadership Development, Shell
Download or read book Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research. The growing scale of science has been accompanied by a shift toward collaborative research, referred to as "team science." Scientific research is increasingly conducted by small teams and larger groups rather than individual investigators, but the challenges of collaboration can slow these teams' progress in achieving their scientific goals. How does a team-based approach work, and how can universities and research institutions support teams? Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science synthesizes and integrates the available research to provide guidance on assembling the science team; leadership, education and professional development for science teams and groups. It also examines institutional and organizational structures and policies to support science teams and identifies areas where further research is needed to help science teams and groups achieve their scientific and translational goals. This report offers major public policy recommendations for science research agencies and policymakers, as well as recommendations for individual scientists, disciplinary associations, and research universities. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science will be of interest to university research administrators, team science leaders, science faculty, and graduate and postdoctoral students.
Download or read book Organizational Culture in Action written by Gerald W. Driskill and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a practical guide to eoereadinge the culture of organizations and to understanding the implications of culture for organizational effectiveness.Beginning with an explanation of the theories of organizational culture, the book provides guidance on collecting information, leading students through qualitative research methods of observation, interviewing, and analyzing written texts. Students come away equipped to apply cultural insights to fostering diversity, supporting organizational change, making leadership more dynamic, understanding the link between ethics and culture, and achieving personal growth.
Download or read book The Success Paradigm written by Michael E. Friesen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1995-09-30 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizations can accelerate the pace of quality improvements by ensuring that Total Quality efforts are driven from organizational strategy. In the process of doing this, a success paradigm can be created that allows different units of an organization to work more effectively toward a shared purpose. The significant examples presented here are the result of almost a decade of direct research and application in a very diverse set of organizations, including Fortune 500 manufacturing and services firms, non-profit organizations, health care organizations, and public education. The result is a specific process with enough detail for professional managers to read the book and implement the process in their own organizations. CEOs and NPO professionals, as well as business academics and upper level students, should find significant examples in an array of industries and situations that make this reading especially worthwhile. The approach described in this book centers around Critical Success Factors which Rockart introduced in 1979. It is a learning-oriented approach to planning that the authors have implemented in a variety of settings, including Boeing, Air Midwest, and Conway Hospital. The important relationship between management control and strategic planning styles is discussed in several interesting chapters. Another topic that the authors address is the reinventing of government and the feasibility of applying the process in that environment. . Several examples of governments who attempted the task are offered along with discussion of their level of success. The approach described in this book is a powerful tool that can be used to develop a common vision in any organization.
