Download or read book The Carrot Genome written by Philipp Simon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date review and analysis of the carrot’s nuclear and organellar genome structure and evolution. In addition, it highlights applications of carrot genomic information to elucidate the carrot’s natural and agricultural history, reproductive biology, and the genetic basis of traits important in agriculture and human health. The carrot genome was sequenced in 2016, and its relatively small diploid genome, combined with the fact that it is the most complete root crop genome released to date and the first-ever Euasterid II genome to be sequenced, mean the carrot has an important role in the study of plant development and evolution. In addition, the carrot is among the top ten vegetables grown worldwide, and the abundant orange provitamin A carotenoids that account for its familiar orange color make it the richest crop source of vitamin A in the US diet, and in much of the world. This book includes the latest genetic maps, genetic tools and resources, and covers advances in genetic engineering that are relevant for plant breeders and biologists alike.
Download or read book The Carrot Genome written by Philipp Simon and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date review and analysis of the carrots nuclear and organellar genome structure and evolution. In addition, it highlights applications of carrot genomic information to elucidate the carrots natural and agricultural history, reproductive biology, and the genetic basis of traits important in agriculture and human health. The carrot genome was sequenced in 2016, and its relatively small diploid genome, combined with the fact that it is the most complete root crop genome released to date and the first-ever Euasterid II genome to be sequenced, mean the carrot has an important role in the study of plant development and evolution. In addition, the carrot is among the top ten vegetables grown worldwide, and the abundant orange provitamin A carotenoids that account for its familiar orange color make it the richest crop source of vitamin A in the US diet, and in much of the world. This book includes the latest genetic maps, genetic tools and resources, and covers advances in genetic engineering that are relevant for plant breeders and biologists alike.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Domestication and Carotenoid Accumulation in Carrot Daucus Carota L and the Polyploidization of Switchgrass Panicum Virgatum L written by Kevin Michael Coe (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carrot is among the richest sources of provitamin A beta-carotene in the human diet. Despite progress in breeding for increased beta-carotene content, relatively little is known about the origin of orange carrots and the genetics of carotenoid accumulation in carrot. The Y, Y2 and Or genes are the three genes associated with the accumulation of various carotenoids in carrot. Y controls the accumulation of all carotenoids, and Y2 controls the accumulation of beta-carotene. Or also controls the accumulation of beta-carotene, yet knowledge about its role in this process is limited. The motivation behind this work was to better understand the role of Or in promoting the accumulation of beta-carotene in carrot as well as identify the origin of orange carrots using genetic data. In addition to carrot, this work also investigates the polyploidization of switchgrass, a potential biofuel crop, by characterizing a retrotransposon family enriched in one of the two subgenomes. In order to address these research questions, an experimental mapping population was generated in which y and y2 were fixed in their homozygous recessive states and Or was segregating. Next, transcriptomes of carrots fixed for the two Or alleles were analyzed across three developmental timepoints. Finally, nearly 400 diverse resequenced carrots were surveyed for signatures of selection. Additionally, in order to characterize the polyploidization of switchgrass and improve the genome assembly, chromosomes were classified into their correct subgenome based on repeat content as well as the abundance of a novel retrotransposon family named Switch and time of polyploidization was estimated based on insertion times of intact retrotransposons. These findings lay the foundation for additional research in carrot and switchgrass, as well as the development of markers for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.
Download or read book Gene Expression and Genetic Analysis of Carotenoid Pigment Accumulation in Carrot Daucus Carota L written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carrot (Daucus carota) is an important vegetable crop, providing over 30% of the pro-vitamin A carotenoids in the human diet in the United States. As a major source of these nutriceutical compounds, research efforts have been directed to the regulation of this complex metabolic pathway. This project focused on evaluating gene expression, sequence changes and genetic mapping as it relates to the accumulation of the carotenoid pigments alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, xanthophylls, and lutein. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the level of expression of genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in different carrot culitvars. Two genes, phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2) were found to be expressed at significantly higher levels in orange and dark orange carrot cultivars, whereas the pale orange rp "reduced pigment" mutant exhibited reduced phytoene desaturase (PDS) expression. DNA sequence analysis of putative promoter and coding regions of both PSY1 and PSY2 has identified sequence polymorphisms and large deletions were identified in the putative promoter of PSY2 in the dark orange cultivar B2327. Simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) were used to create a genetic map from an F2 population segregating for the rp mutation. HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analyses of the carotenoids of carrot leaf tissue demonstrated xanthophylls and beta-carotene as the carotenoids present in all carrots, but significantly higher levels of alpha-carotene was identified in carrot germplasm with orange and dark orange storage roots. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis identified genotype specific variation in photosystem II efficiency, significantly impacted by the time of harvest. To identify new candidate genes involved in carotenoid accumulation in carrot storage root, microarray analysis of sibling white and orange inbred lines from a cross of orange X white carrots was completed. Expression of three genes involved in photosynthesis was significantly higher in the orange rooted carrot germplasm. To examine the role that chromoplast biosynthesis may have in the accumulation of carotenoid pigments, the ratio of nuclear to plastid genome was analyzed in carrot germplasm with differing levels of pigmentation.
Download or read book Improved Hybrid de Novo Genome Assembly Resistance Gene Prediction and Annotation of Carrot Daucus Carota written by Su Liu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring Modification of Centromeric Histone 3 CENH3 as a Strategy for Haploid Induction in Carrot Daucus Carota written by Chandler Marie Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision editing of plant genomes has potential to accelerate crop improvement and advance functional genomics. One application of this technology to advance carrot breeding is the use of gene editing to create an in vivo haploid inducer for hybrid carrot production. Carrot (Daucus carota) is an economically important vegetable crop grown in many regions of the world and a major contributor of vitamin A to the human diet. The traditional method for producing carrot hybrid cultivars is a time and resource intensive process. An alternative to the traditional breeding method is the use of doubled haploids as inbred parents. Double haploids are created by the induction of haploids followed by subsequent doubling of the chromosomes. Doubled haploids can be achieved in one generation, which would significantly reduce the amount of time to make inbred parents.Recently, studies in Arabidopsis, wheat (Triticum aestivum), and maize (Zea mays) have demonstrated that modification of centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) can lead to the production of haploid plants. A variety of strategies have been employed to in these studies manipulate CENH3 that have induced haploids, with varying rates of success. Since the function of CENH3 is highly conserved across plant species, modification of CENH3 could lead to the development of an in vivo haploid inducer in any plant. A method for generating gene-edited carrot plants was developed in order to modify the carrot genome. This method utilizes transient transformation of protoplasts followed by regeneration of plants from protoplasts. This method proved efficient at generating a large number of gene-edited, transgene-free carrot plants. An important consideration of performing genomic modification of plants is the potential of inducing unintended changes the genome. To explore if large-scale chromosome aberrations are present in the plants regenerated from protoplasts, whole genome sequencing was performed on these plants. Read depth data from this whole genome sequence data was used for a dosage analysis to detect the presence of numerical or stuctural abberations. Using this analysis, we did not identify the presence chromosome aberrations in the plants regenerated from protoplasts. To determine if mutations in CENH3 can result in uniparental genome elimination, the basis of haploid induction, a variety of carrot plants with amino acid substitutions in the region of CENH3 encoding the histone fold domain were created. Nineteen of these cenh3 mutant plants were crossed with wild-type plants. A progeny of one of these crosses was identified as putative tetraploid that was likely a haploid during its genesis. Therefore, modification of CENH3 in carrot has the potential to induce ploidy changes in carrot.
Download or read book Genetic Approaches to Investigation of the Rp reduced Pigment Gene in Carrot Daucus Carota L written by Azumi Tozuka and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Methylation in Carrot and Pines written by Shujun Chang and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Genetic Control of Market Class in Carrot Daucus Carota Subsp sativus written by Scott Holston Brainard and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a nutritionally significant vegetable crop. An important target of selection in carrot breeding programs is suite of morphological root traits which together define market class-i.e., the market into which a specific variety is intended to be sold (e.g., juicing, dicing, storage, fresh market, baby carrot production). The size and shape the taproot, which can range from long and tapered to short and blunt, have been used for at least several centuries to classify cultivars in this way according to human preference and production methods. Mechanization in the cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest handling of the crop has made these traits increasingly relevant for both farmers and breeders. However, these quantitative phenotypes have historically been challenging to objectively evaluate, and thus subjective visual assessment of market class remains the primary method by which selection for these traits is performed. This has hindered not only the establishment of metric-based standards for market classes, but also the investigation the genetic basis of such quantitative phenotypes. In order to dissect the genetic control of the shape features that define market class in carrot, a tool is required that quantifies the specific shape features used by humans in distinguishing between classes. Advancements in digital image analysis have recently made possible this high-throughput quantification of size and shape attributes, and Chapter 2 of this dissertation describes the functioning and performance of a phenotyping pipeline which implements such methods. This is the first such platform to include a series of a preprocessing algorithms whereby RGB images are converted to binary masks, which are then standardized to remove curvature and residual root hairs. Phenotyping is then performed, which includes the quantification of traits that could be measured by hand, such as length and width, as well as measurement of higher-dimensional traits, through the implementation of principal components analysis of the root contour and its curvature. Of particular importance is the idnetification of a previously undescribed phenotype - root fill - as the most significant source of variation across carrot germplasm. This platform's high-throughput performance and accuracy was validated in two experimental panels: a diverse, global collection of germplasm was used to assess its capacity to identify market classes through clustering analysis, and diallel mating design between inbred breeding lines of differing market classes was used to estimate the heritability of the key phenotypes that define market class. Together with the recent development of a high-quality reference genome for carrot, it is now feasible to utilize modern methods of genetic analysis in the investigation of the genetic control of root morphology. To this end, in Chapter 3 of this dissertation, the digital phenotypes of the diversity panel described in Chapter 2 are combined with a set of dense molecular markers developed using high-throughput sequencing. The use of both genome wide association analysis and genomic predictions based on genomic-estimated breeding values is described. Novel QTL were identified for four of the traits underlying market class; of particular interest is an extremely well-defined peak of chromosome 2 for the novel, and previously uncharacterized "root fill" trait. This comparative analysis provides the first convincing evidence that the traits underlying market class are highly polygenic in nature, under the influence of many small effect quantitative trait loci (QTL), but that relatively large proportions of additive genetic variance for many of the component phenotypes support high predictive ability of genomic-estimated breeding values. This study thereby represents a novel advance in our understanding of the genetic control of market class in carrot root. In addition, concrete guidelines are presented outlining the practical potential of using genomic predictions for quantitative traits in horticultural crops.
Download or read book Descriptors for Wild and Cultivated Carrots Daucus Carota L written by and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 1998 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genomic Designing of Climate Smart Vegetable Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews modern strategies in the breeding of vegetables in the era of global warming. Agriculture is facing numerous challenges in the 21st century, as it has to address food, nutritional, energy and environmental security. Future vegetable varieties must be adaptive to the varying scenarios of climate change, produce higher yields of high- quality food and feed and have multiple uses. To achieve these goals, it is imperative to employ modern tools of molecular breeding, genetic engineering and genomics for ‘precise’ plant breeding to produce ‘designed’ vegetable varieties adaptive to climate change. This book is of interest to scientists working in the fields of plant genetics, genomics, breeding, biotechnology, and in the disciplines of agronomy and horticulture.
Download or read book The complete genome sequence organization and affinities of carrot red leaf virus written by L F. Huang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carrots and Related Vegetable Umbelliferae written by Vincent E. Rubatzky and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book series describes the scientific principles of the biology and production of major horticultural crops, considered on a world-wide basis. This volume considers the vegetable Umbelliferae, particularly carrots, celery, fennel, parsley and parsnip. It also provides brief coverage of lesser known vegetable Umbelliferae such as coriander, chervil and skirret as well as herbs such as dill, anise, caraway and cumin.
Download or read book Carrots and Related Apiaceae Crops 2nd Edition written by Emmanuel Geoffriau and published by CABI. This book was released on 2020-07-29 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated with new content and full-colour figures, the second edition of this successful book reflects developments and growth in our knowledge of carrots and related crops worldwide. It covers the scientific basis of their biology and production, with updated technical crop management content. This new edition is divided into three sections: the first considers the crops' importance and main features; the second focuses on carrot, from genetic diversity and breeding to cropping systems, pest and disease management, quality, postharvest and valorization; and the third presents the main aspects of 13 other cultivated Apiaceae. Containing a dedicated chapter on root-quality plus new chapters on organic production and consumer expectations, this book also: - Highlights both unique and shared characteristics among cultivated Apiaceae species. - Describes the links between scientific principles and cropping systems. - Explores the relationship between crop management and product quality. An invaluable resource for all those involved in carrot and related vegetable production, this is essential reading for producers, and horticulture, plant science and food science students, as well as researchers in these areas.
Download or read book Identification and Evaluation of a Gene Associated with Carotenoid Accumulation in Carrot Root Daucus Carota L written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carrot is one of most important vegetable crops, providing provitamin A carotenoids crucial for human nutrition and health. Carotenoid biosynthesis has been extensively studied in plants, however the mechanism underlying carotenoid accumulation is still poorly understood in carrots. Thus, gaining insight into the genetics, biochemistry and regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation would facilitate the nutritional improvement of carrot. Previously, a two-gene model, including the Y and Y2 genes, was proposed by Buishand and Gabelman to explain the variation of carotenoid accumulation in dark orange, pale orange, yellow and white carrot roots. The Y gene controls the reduction of root pigmentation, while Y2 prevents the synthesis of carotenes but not xanthophylls. This study mainly focused on identification and evaluation of the Y gene. QTL analysis was performed in the F4 mapping population 70796 with a total of 150 individuals to identify the Y gene map location. A large effect QTL with LOD score of 21.2 for total carotenoids was detected on chromosome 5. Data from the marker-trait association study using GLM (general linear model) analysis also supported the location of Y. Fine mapping was then used to identify a 90-kb region that includes 8 annotated genes. Combining this data with that from another population narrowed the candidate region to 75 kb. Comparative transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq revealed that among genes in the 75 kb region, only DCAR_032551 was differentially expressed in both populations. This gene contains a 212 nt indel in the coding region that causes a frameshift mutation in high pigmented (yy) roots, making it the most promising candidate gene. A genetic rescue test was performed to test the function of the candidate Y gene, DCAR_032551 using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation. Three transgenic plants were regenerated and shown to contain the integrated vector. However, after several attempts there were no transformants survived to further evaluation. Transcriptome data suggested that high carotenoid accumulation involves the overexpression of several light-induced genes operating in photosystem development and function. We hypothesized here that carotenoid accumulation is controlled at the regulatory level, and high carotenoid accumulation in carrot taproot results from the stimulation of carotenoid accumulation without light induction through the same mechanism that stimulates carotenoid accumulation in shoots in de-etiolation.
Download or read book DNA Methylation of the Dc8 Gene in Carrot Daucus Carota L and Its Association with Development written by Yuanxiang Zhou and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Genetic Resources written by B. S. Dhillon and published by Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The agricultural paradigm is already undergoing a shift in focus from food security towards nutritional quality. Horticultural crops besides improving biological productivity and nutritional standards also have enormous export potential. This group of crops comprising fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants, spices and condiments and ornamental crops, would constitute core of any such agro-economic strategy. In addition to supplementing the economy and national food grid by providing fresh and processed fruits, vegetable, nuts etc., horticultural crops also help to promote diversification. Depletion of plant genetic resources in areas of diversity at a rapid pace is a matter of global concern. This book profiles all scientific management aspects of the horticultural crop genetic resources including their diversity, conservation and sustainable utilization. It also addresses vital concerns regarding management of horticultural crop genetic resources from diverse perspectives and provides recommendations for action in certain areas of research that must be pursued with intensity. The publication would serve as a valuable comprehensive scientific reference for breeders, researchers, teachers, students and policy makers in biology and agriculture.
