Download or read book The C terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II written by Anton Yuryev and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods in Yeast Genetics written by David C. Amberg and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Methods in Yeast Genetics" is a course that has been offered annually at Cold Spring Harbor for the last 30 years. This provides a set of teaching experiments along with the protocols and recipes for the standard techniques and reagents used in the study of yeast biology.
Download or read book Functions of Mediator and the RNA Polymerase II C terminal Domain in Transcription Initiation written by Stefan Böing and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcription and Splicing written by B. D. Hames and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a co-ordinated review of our present knowledge of eukaryotic RNA synthesis.
Download or read book Post translational Modification of the C terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II written by Joshua Edward Mayfield and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA polymerase II is a highly regulated protein complex that transcribes all protein coding mRNA and many non-coding RNAs. A key mechanism that facilitates its activity is post-translational modification of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (CTD). This unstructured domain is conserved throughout eukaryotes and composed of repeats of the consensus amino acid heptad Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. This domain acts as a platform for the recruitment of transcriptional regulators that specifically recognize post-translational modification states of the CTD. The majority of our understanding of CTD modification comes from the use of phospho-specific antibodies, which provide identity and abundance information but give only low-resolution information for how these marks co-exist and interact at the molecular level. During my graduate work I sought to utilize the tools of chemical biology to investigate CTD modification in high resolution. Using a combination of chemical tools, analytical chemistry, and molecular biology I studied CTD modification in extremely high resolution. This work reveals the existence of interactions between CTD modifications, the influence of CTD sequence divergence on modification events, and presents initial data to support a role for previously encoded modifications to direct subsequent modification events
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
Download or read book The RNA Polymerase II C terminal Domain written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RNA Polymerase III Transcription written by Robert J. White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph reviews and summarizes the substantial body of work that has been published on the transcription by polymerase III over the past 5 years. Progress in this field has been very rapid since 1993, and this new edition incorporates all the recent developments and offers the reader a highly detailed analysis of the current state of research on this largest and most complex of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
Download or read book Protein Conformational Dynamics written by Ke-li Han and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-20 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses how biological molecules exert their function and regulate biological processes, with a clear focus on how conformational dynamics of proteins are critical in this respect. In the last decade, the advancements in computational biology, nuclear magnetic resonance including paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, and fluorescence-based ensemble/single-molecule techniques have shown that biological molecules (proteins, DNAs and RNAs) fluctuate under equilibrium conditions. The conformational and energetic spaces that these fluctuations explore likely contain active conformations that are critical for their function. More interestingly, these fluctuations can respond actively to external cues, which introduces layers of tight regulation on the biological processes that they dictate. A growing number of studies have suggested that conformational dynamics of proteins govern their role in regulating biological functions, examples of this regulation can be found in signal transduction, molecular recognition, apoptosis, protein / ion / other molecules translocation and gene expression. On the experimental side, the technical advances have offered deep insights into the conformational motions of a number of proteins. These studies greatly enrich our knowledge of the interplay between structure and function. On the theoretical side, novel approaches and detailed computational simulations have provided powerful tools in the study of enzyme catalysis, protein / drug design, protein / ion / other molecule translocation and protein folding/aggregation, to name but a few. This work contains detailed information, not only on the conformational motions of biological systems, but also on the potential governing forces of conformational dynamics (transient interactions, chemical and physical origins, thermodynamic properties). New developments in computational simulations will greatly enhance our understanding of how these molecules function in various biological events.
Download or read book Computation Finite and Infinite Machines written by Marvin Lee Minsky and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1967 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Heterogeneity in the RNA Polymerase II C Terminal Domain written by Bede Portz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA polymerase II contains a repetitive and intrinsically disordered C-Terminal Domain (CTD) composed of heptad repeats of the consensus sequence YSPTSPS. The CTD can be heavily phosphorylated and serves as a scaffold, interacting with factors involved in transcription initiation, elongation, termination, RNA processing and chromatin modification. Despite its role as a nexus of eukaryotic gene regulation, the structure of the CTD and the structural implications of CTD phosphorylation, are poorly understood. Additionally, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that function without adopting a stably folded structure. Here I present a biophysical and biochemical interrogation of the structure of the full-length CTD of D. melanogaster, which I conclude is a compact random coil. I find that the repetitive CTD is structurally heterogeneous as evidenced by a discontinuous pattern of cutting in limited proteolysis assays. Small Angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) is a method ideally suited for the structural interrogation of large IDPs and can be employed to measure the size of a protein and to monitor structural changes in response to post-translational modification. Using SAXS I determined that phosphorylation by the kinase P-TEFb caused an increase in CTD radius and stiffness. Limited proteolysis of the phosphorylated CTD showed these gross structural changes are accompanied by increased protease accessibility and an alteration in relative protease accessibility across the length of the CTD.Additionally, we show that the human CTD is also structurally heterogeneous and able to substitute for the Drosophila melanogaster CTD in supporting the development of flies to adulthood. These finding implicate conserved structural organization, not a precise array of heptad motifs, as important to CTD function.The CTD is attached to the catalytic core of Pol II via a linker. I show that this linker is more compact than the CTD repeats and serves as an independent structural unit. The phosphorylated linker-CTD remains flexible relative to the phosphorylated CTD alone. Together, these results support a mechanism by which phosphorylation reduces the conformational entropy of the CTD, generating a more binding competent dock for CTD:protein interactions, with the linker region maintaining the ability of CTD bound factors to sample the 3-dimensional space which may be required for RNA processing and histone modification.The data described herein represent the most thorough structural characterization to date of the full length CTD on the global and local scales, examining both the overall size and local structural organization of the CTD. These studies establish the Drosophila CTD as an attractive model for the biophysical, biochemical and genetic interrogation of the structure and function of the CTD from a developmentally complex organism.
Download or read book Role of the RNA Polymerase II C terminal Domain in Transcription Termination and Function of Spt5 in 3 RNA processing Factor Recruitment written by Amelie Erna Schreieck and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Functional Significance of the Carboxyl terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase IIa o written by Paul James Laybourn and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Activation of Hormone and Growth Factor Receptors written by Michael N. Alexis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the papers presented in the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Activation of Hormone and Growth Factor Receptors: Molecular Mechanisms and Consequences" held in Nafplion, Greece on September 25-30, 1988. The objective of NATO ARW is to assess the state of-the-art in a given scientific area and to formulate recommendations for future research in emerging areas of science by promoting international scientific contacts. In the Nafplion meeting this objective was reached by an international group of speakers, senior Greek scientists and graduates involved in relevant research areas. The Workshop was made possible by the generous support of the Scientific Council of NATO. We thank Drs. G. Sinclair and L.V. daCunha, Directors of the NATO ARW's and ASI's (Advanced Study Institutes) respectively, for their wholehearted support and advice. The International Union of Biochemistry awarded additional travel grants leading to increased international participation. Furthermore, the Secretariat of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Culture and Sciences and the National Hellenic Research Foundation contributed financially and by supporting personnel. We sincerely thank all these organizations for their support. Our heartful thanks are also extended to the Mayor of the Municipality of Nafplion, Mr.
Download or read book Conformational Characterization of Acyl Carrier Protein and C terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II written by Ewa Anna Bienkiewicz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of RNA Polymerase II Phosphorylation in the Early Stages of Transcription written by Jonathan Donald Chesnut and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV 1 Latency written by Guido Silvestri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency, in characterizing residual viral reservoirs, and in developing targeted interventions to reduce HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Specific chapters address the molecular mechanisms that govern and regulate HIV-1 transcription and latency; assays and technical approaches to quantify viral reservoirs in humans and animal models; the complex interchange between viral reservoirs and the host immune system; computational strategies to model viral reservoir dynamics; and the development of therapeutic approaches that target viral reservoir cells. With contributions from an interdisciplinary group of investigators that cover a broad spectrum of subjects, from molecular virology to proof-of-principle clinical trials, this book is a valuable resource for basic scientists, translational investigators, infectious-disease physicians, individuals living with HIV/AIDS and the general public.
