Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by BSE Inquiry and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The BSE Inquiry Scientists after Southwood written by Nicholas Addison Phillips Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The BSE inquiry written by Lord Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientists After Southwood written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Lord Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the Inquiry considers the appointment of, and the advice given by, the Southwood Working Party, chaired by Sir Richard Southwood. This group's work is considered in some detail for its advice had important impacts, both in the short term and in the long term.The Working Party were asked to advise on the risks posed by BSE and the measures that should be taken to counter those risks. They addressed both matters,but sought to make it plain that they were doing their best on very limited data, that much further research was necessary,that their assessment of risk might be wrong and that, were it wrong, the consequences would be extremely serious. Unhappily, the Southwood Report was treated by many officials in the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and the Department of Health (DH) and, at times, by Ministers as if it contained definitive conclusions based on an evaluation of adequate data by expert scientists in relation to the extent both of the risk and of the precautionary measures necessary to counter that risk.
Download or read book Rethinking the BSE Crisis written by Louise Cummings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-09 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1986, the emergence of a novel brain disease in British cattle presented a unique challenge to scientists. How that challenge was addressed has been the subject of a public inquiry and numerous academic studies conducted to date. However, none of these investigations has sought to examine the reasoning of scientists during this critical period in the public health of the UK. Using concepts and techniques in informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory, this study reconstructs and evaluates the reasoning of scientists in the ten-year period between 1986 and 1996. Specifically, a form of presumptive reasoning is described in which extensive use is made of arguments traditionally identified as informal fallacies. In the context of the adverse epistemic conditions that confronted scientists during the BSE epidemic, these arguments were anything but fallacious, serving instead to confer a number of epistemic gains upon scientific inquiry. This book argues for a closer integration of philosophy with public health science, an integration that is exemplified by the case of scientific reasoning during the BSE affair. It will therefore be of interest to advanced students, academics, researchers and professionals in the areas of public health science and epidemiology, as well as philosophical disciplines such as informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory and epistemology.
Download or read book Scientists after Southwood written by Lord Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Nicholas Addison Phillips Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is concerned with the response to BSE as a disease threatening animal health. The response to BSE as a disease threatening human health is considered in volume 6 of the report, 'Human health 1989-96'. The division into two topics has been done in order to make the story easier to follow. It is, however, arbitrary and to a degree artificial, in that the best way to protect humans from any risk that there might be of transmission of BSE was to eradicate the disease in cattle. The ruminant feed ban (RFB) and the animal Specified Bovine Offal (SBO) ban, which are focussed on in this document, were primarily animal health measures which had important implications for human health. The slaughter and compensation scheme, which was primarily introduced to take diseased animals out of the human food chain, is covered in volume 6.The ruminant content of meat and bone meal (MBM) incorporated in cattle feed had been identified as the source of infection of BSE. The ruminant feed ban aimed to prevent any of this material from being incorporated in ruminant feed. The animal Specified Bovine Offal (SBO) ban, introduced in September 1990 was not designed to protect ruminant animals but to protect non-ruminant animals, whose diet included ruminant protein. The ban was intended to divert at source the SBOs, when severed from the carcass, keeping them separate from material destined for animal feed, and ensuring that they were disposed of as waste.It was not until 1994 that it became clear to MAFF officials that neither the RFB nor the SBO ban was fully effective. Chapter 2 considers the steps taken to implement, enforce and monitor the RFB. Implementation was the responsibility of those who supplied or used ruminant feed. Enforcement was the responsibility of the local authorities but Trading Standards Officers were powerless to enforce the ban as there was no reliable test that could demonstrate, to a high standard of proof, that feed contained ruminant protein.The introduction of the SBO ban is considered in chapter 3. This was initially introduced by the majority of the feed trade on a voluntary basis. The attitude of MAFF officials and Ministers, at this stage, was that the ban was neither necessary nor desirable. A statutory ban was later introduced in haste and without consultation.The working of the SBO ban is covered in chapters 4a and 4b: 4a is a narrative of events relevant to the implementation, monitoring and enforcement of the animal SBO ban, 4b contains a detailed discussion of the adequacy of these measures. Deficiencies in the legislative scheme are examined in some length as they had serious consequences. The adequacy of the steps taken by MAFF officials to make the ban work and remedy its defects is also examined.Cattle tracking is dealt with in chapter 5. The Agriculture Select Committee recommended in 1990 that MAFF should set up a computerised animal tracing system. The response that the cost of such a system was not justified by the benefits is considered.Breeding and artificial insemination are covered in chapter 6.
Download or read book Who s in Charge written by Laura H. Kahn and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed exploration of leadership problems that can develop during public health crises such as the anthrax attacks, SARS, and Mad Cow disease. An imminent threat to the public health, such as the swine flu outbreak, is no time for a muddled chain of command and contradictory decision making. Who's In Charge? Leadership during Epidemics, Bioterror Attacks, and Other Public Health Crises explores the crucial relationships between political leaders, public health officials, journalists, and others to see why leadership confusion develops. Who's In Charge? begins by looking at the overarching issues of leadership, public health administration, and the threats of bioterrorism. It then examines five recent emergenciesthe 2001 anthrax attacks and 1993 cryptosporidium outbreak in the United States, the 2003 SARS outbreak in Toronto, the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease crisis, and the decade-long battle against Mad Cow Disease in the U.K. A perfect text for schools in public health, or as a reference for elected officials at every level of government, the book shows how each event developed step-by-step to pinpoint specific leadership issues. Engaging and absorbing, the work presents official reports, medical literature, first-person accounts from officials and journalists, and discussions of the role of law enforcement and the military during health care emergencies.
Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Lord Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is concerned with the implications that BSE had for human health. It covers the period from February 1989 to 20th March 1996 when the announcement of a probable link between BSE and a new variant of CJD (vCJD) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) was made. The policy of slaughter and compensation of BSE-infected cattle, the primary aim of which was to address the risk that BSE might be transmissible to humans, is looked at from the earlier date of August 1988. Of particular interest is the question of whether there was universal compliance with the obligation to give notification of any animals showing symptoms of BSE.This volume is largely concerned with the risk of transmission via the food chain although it also considers occupational risk, the risk posed to schoolchildren who dissected bovine eyeballs and the implications for human health of the disposal of bovine waste generated by the cattle compulsorily slaughtered and by the banning of Specified Bovine Offal (SBO). Other significant pathways are dealt with in volume 7, 'Medicines and cosmetics'.The advice of the Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) which related to public health is considered in this report. The diagnosis of CJD in younger people, the media reaction to these cases and the official responses are also examined.Chapter 7 covers the final period and describes the consideration given by the CJD Surveillance Unit and SEAC to the growing number of cases of CJD in young victims, leading to the conclusion that these were suffering from a new variant of CJD that was probably transmitted from BSE. It examines when officials and Ministers in MAFF and DH first appreciated that this was a possibility and whether they reacted soon enough. The consideration taken by Government as to what action to take and the decision that was reached and announced to Parliament on 20 March 1996 is recorded.
Download or read book The Governance of Knowledge written by Nico Stehr and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12-31 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social surveillance and regulation of knowledge will be one of the most important issues in the near future, one that will give rise to unending controversy. In The Governance of Knowledge, Nico Stehr predicts that such concerns will create a new political field, namely, knowledge policy, which will entail regulating dissemination of the anticipated results of rapidly increasing knowledge. The number and range of institutionalized standards for monitoring new knowledge has hitherto been relatively small. Only in cases of technological applications has social control, in the form of political regulation, so far intervened. All modern societies today have complex regulations and extensive concerns with the registration, licensing, testing, and monitoring of pharmaceutical products. The increasingly important and extensive area of intellectual property legislation and administration is an example of social control in which certain measures selectively determine the use of scientific finds and technical knowledge. The Governance of Knowledge assembles a range of essays that attempt to explore the new field of knowledge politics for the first time. It is divided into four parts: The Emergence of Knowledge Politics: Origins, Context, and Consequences; Major Social Institutions and Knowledge Politics; Case Studies on the Governance of Knowledge; and Issues in Knowledge Politics as a New Political Field. Individual chapters concern the emergence of knowledge policy, the embeddedness of such regulations in major social institutions, offer case studies and discuss controversial issues that are bound to accompany efforts to regulate new knowledge. Professionals and graduate students in the fields of sociology, political science, social science, and law, including policymakers and natural scientists,will find this book extremely informative. Nico Stehr is Paul-Lazarsfeld Professor at the Universitõt Wien, Austria. His research interests center on the transformation of modern societies into knowledge societies, the interrelation between climate and society, the history of the social sciences, and the uses of social and natural science knowledge. Among his recent books are Werner Sombart: Economic Life in the Modern Agewith Reiner Grundmann), published by Transaction, and Knowledge and Economics Conduct.
Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by BSE Inquiry and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book BSE written by Patrick Van Zwanenberg and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an analysis of the BSE crisis and how policy-making processes were managed, and of how and why they culminated in catastrophic failure.
Download or read book Risk Regulation and Administrative Constitutionalism written by Elizabeth Fisher and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2007-07-30 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade the regulatory evaluation of environmental and public health risks has been one of the most legally controversial areas of contemporary government activity. Much of that debate has been understood as a conflict between those promoting 'scientific' approaches to risk evaluation and those promoting 'democratic' approaches. This characterization of disputes has ignored the central roles of public administration and law in technological risk evaluation. This is problematic because, as shown in this book, legal disputes over risk evaluation are disputes over administrative constitutionalism in that they are disputes over what role law should play in constituting and limiting the power of administrative risk regulators. This is shown by five case studies taken from five different legal cultures: an analysis of the bifurcated role of the Southwood Working Party in the UK BSE crisis; the development of doctrines in relation to judicial review of risk evaluation in the US in the 1970s; the interpretation of the precautionary principle by environmental courts and generalist tribunals carrying out merits review in Australia; the interpretation of the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement as part of the WTO dispute settlement process; and the interpretation of the precautionary principle in the EU context. A strong argument is thus made for re-orienting the focus of scholarship in this area.
Download or read book Reasoning and Public Health New Ways of Coping with Uncertainty written by Louise Cummings and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that in order to be truly effective, public health must embrace a group of reasoning strategies that have traditionally been characterized as informal fallacies. It will be demonstrated that these strategies can facilitate judgements about complex public health issues in contexts of uncertainty. The book explains how scientists and lay people routinely resort to the use of these strategies during consideration of public health problems. Although these strategies are not deductively valid, they are nevertheless rationally warranted procedures. Public health professionals must have a sound understanding of these cognitive strategies in order to engage the public and achieve their public health goals. The book draws upon public health issues as wide ranging as infectious diseases, food safety and the potential impact on human health of new technologies. It examines reasoning in the context of these issues within a large-scale, questionnaire-based survey of nearly 900 members of the public in the UK. In addition, several philosophical themes run throughout the book, including the nature of uncertainty, scientific knowledge and inquiry. The complexity of many public health problems demands an approach to reasoning that cannot be accommodated satisfactorily within a general thinking skills framework. This book shows that by developing an awareness of these reasoning strategies, scientists and members of the public can have a more productive engagement with public health problems.
Download or read book Human Rights in the Market Place written by Christopher Harding and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ideology of human rights protection has gained considerable momentum during the second half of the twentieth century at both national and international level and appears to be an effective lever for bringing about legal change. This book analyzes this strategy in economic and commercial policy and considers the transportation of the 'public law' discourse of basic human rights protection into the 'commercial law' context of economic policy, business activity and corporate behaviour. The volume will prove indispensable for anyone interested in human rights, international law, and business and commercial law.
