Download or read book The Break in the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum Near 1 PeV Studied Using Cerenkov Radiation written by Philip Daniel Allen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring the Cosmic ray Energy Spectrum Composition and Anisotropy at PeV Scales Using the IceCube Observatory written by James Bourbeau and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of cosmic rays over one hundred years ago, many experiments have studied their properties. However, a definitive answer to the questions of where cosmic rays originate and how they are produced is still not known. Over the last several decades, a much more detailed understanding of high energy cosmic rays has begun to materialize. In particular, the cosmic-ray energy spectrum, with its transitions at 3 PeV (the "knee") and 3 EeV (the "ankle"), has been extensively investigated. Based on magnetic confinement arguments, it's generally believed that the energy range between the knee and ankle is where the transition from Galactic to extragalactic sources of cosmic rays. The ability to distinguish between high energy cosmic rays of different composition and study the relative mass abundances of cosmic rays in this transition region can provide invaluable insight in answering the open questions surrounding the origins of cosmic rays. This work focuses on measuring the composition-resolved cosmic-ray energy spectrum at and above the all-particle knee using one year of data collected by the IceCube Observatory. Sepcifically, we focus on making a two mass group spectrum measurement from 10^6.4 GeV to 10^7.8 GeV. The first mass group, referred to as the "light" mass group, is modeled using proton and helium cosmic rays, while the second, "heavy" mass group, is modeled using oxygen and iron cosmic rays. We observe a clear softening of the light spectrum near 3 PeV, while the energy spectrum for the heavy mass group follows a power-law like structure with a spectral index of ~2.7 throughout the entire energy range considered. The observed transition from a primarily light to a heavy-dominant spectrum takes place near 10^7.1 GeV. This feature is characteristic of a potential rigidity-dependent cutoff, or Peters cycle. The change in relative mass abundance could also indicate a possible transition in the source population of cosmic rays. In addition, a study to determine whether or not the light, heavy, or all-particle cosmic-ray energy spectra vary as a function of arrival direction is also presented. This marks the first time an analysis of this kind has been conducted using the IceCube Observatory. No statistically significant spectrum deviations were observed. The results from this analysis can be used to set a limit on the range of possible spectral deviations.
Download or read book A Break in the Highest Energy Cosmic Ray Spectrum written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experimental data seem to indicate that there is significant structure in the cosmic ray spectrum above 1018 electron volts (eV). Besides a dip at -5 × 1018 eV, two events above 2 × 1020 eV have been observed. The implications for the existence of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff, a long-lasting and still open question in cosmic ray physics, are discussed. This cutoff at a few times 1019 eV, caused by energy losses in the cosmic microwave background, has been predicted to occur in most acceleration models involving extragalactic sources. An acceleration origin of particles above 1020 eV within a few megaparsecs cannot be ruled out yet. However, persistence of the apparent gap in the existing data at a quadrupled total exposure would rule out many acceleration models at the 99 percent confidence level for any source distance. Particles above 1020 eV might then be directly produced by decay from some higher energy scale in contrast to acceleration of charged particles.
Download or read book High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Todor Stanev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models
Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theses on any subject submitted by the academic libraries in the UK and Ireland.
Download or read book Primary Cosmic Ray Electron Spectrum Between 5 and written by Anton Scheepmaker and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Stephen Myers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third open access volume of the handbook series deals with accelerator physics, design, technology and operations, as well as with beam optics, dynamics and diagnostics. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access.
Download or read book High Energy Astrophysics written by Malcolm S. Longair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-03 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing students with an in-depth account of the astrophysics of high energy phenomena in the Universe, the third edition of this well-established textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in high energy astrophysics. Building on the concepts and techniques taught in standard undergraduate courses, this textbook provides the astronomical and astrophysical background for students to explore more advanced topics. Special emphasis is given to the underlying physical principles of high energy astrophysics, helping students understand the essential physics. The third edition has been completely rewritten, consolidating the previous editions into one volume. It covers the most recent discoveries in areas such as gamma-ray bursts, ultra-high energy cosmic rays and ultra-high energy gamma rays. The topics have been rearranged and streamlined to make them more applicable to a wide range of different astrophysical problems.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays at Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.
Download or read book Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Radiation written by Felix A. Aharonian and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma ray astronomy, the branch of high energy astrophysics that studies the sky in energetic ?-ray photons, is destined to play a crucial role in the exploration of nonthermal phenomena in the Universe in their most extreme and violent forms. The great potential of this discipline offers impressive coverage of many OC hot topicsOCO of modern astrophysics and cosmology, such as the origin of galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays, particle acceleration and radiation processes under extreme astrophysical conditions, and the search for dark matter."
Download or read book Cosmic Ray Collisions in Space written by Joseph H. Scanlon and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Energy Spectrum of Primary Cosmic Ray Nuclei Above 1 Tev Per Nucleon written by Erik Donley Olson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Planets Stars and Stellar Systems written by Gerard Gilmore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-02-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is volume 5 of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems, a six-volume compendium of modern astronomical research, covering subjects of key interest to the main fields of contemporary astronomy. This volume on “Galactic Structure and Stellar Populations”, edited by Gerard F. Gilmore, presents accessible review chapters on Stellar Populations, Chemical Abundances as Population Tracers, Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the Universe, The Stellar and Sub-Stellar Initial Mass Function of Simple and Composite Populations, The Galactic Nucleus, The Galactic Bulge, Open Clusters and Their Role in the Galaxy, Star Counts and the Nature of Galactic Thick Disk, The Infrared Galaxy, Interstellar PAHs and Dust, Galactic Neutral Hydrogen, High-Velocity Clouds, Magnetic Fields in Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galactic Charged Cosmic Rays, Gamma-Ray Emission of Supernova Remnants and the Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays, Galactic Distance Scales, Globular Cluster Dynamical Evolution, Dynamics of Disks and Warps, Mass Distribution and Rotation Curve in the Galaxy, Dark Matter in the Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites, and History of Dark Matter in Galaxies. All chapters of the handbook were written by practicing professionals. They include sufficient background material and references to the current literature to allow readers to learn enough about a specialty within astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology to get started on their own practical research projects. In the spirit of the series Stars and Stellar Systems published by Chicago University Press in the 1960s and 1970s, each chapter of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems can stand on its own as a fundamental review of its respective sub-discipline, and each volume can be used as a textbook or recommended reference work for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate courses. Advanced students and professional astronomers in their roles as both lecturers and researchers will welcome Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems as a comprehensive and pedagogical reference work on astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Astroparticle Physics written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the branch of astronomy in which processes in the universe are investigated with experimental methods employed in particle-physics experiments. After a historical introduction the basics of elementary particles, Explains particle interactions and the relevant detection techniques, while modern aspects of astroparticle physics are described in a chapter on cosmology. Provides an orientation in the field of astroparticle physics that many beginners might seek and appreciate because the underlying physics fundamentals are presented with little mathematics, and the results are illustrated by many diagrams. Readers have a chance to enter this field of astronomy with a book that closes the gap between expert and popular level.
