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Book Abu Nuwas

    Book Details:
  • Author : Philip F. Kennedy
  • Publisher : Simon and Schuster
  • Release : 2012-12-01
  • ISBN : 178074188X
  • Pages : 160 pages

Download or read book Abu Nuwas written by Philip F. Kennedy and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to present the life, times and poetry of one of the greatest poets in the Arab tradition, Abu Nuwas. Author Philip Kennedy provides the narrative of Abu Nuwas's fascinating life, which was full of intrigue and debauched adventure, in parallel with the presentation of his greatest poems, across all genres, in easy and accessible translations, giving commentary where needed.

Book Vintage Humour

    Book Details:
  • Author : Alex Rowell
  • Publisher : Oxford University Press
  • Release : 2018-05-01
  • ISBN : 1849049939
  • Pages : 322 pages

Download or read book Vintage Humour written by Alex Rowell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abu Nuwas, the pre-eminent bacchic bard of the classical Arabic canon, was loved and reviled in equal measure for his lyrical celebration of Abbasid Baghdad's dissolute nightlife, his cutting satires of religion and the clergy, and the extraordinary range and virtuosity of his literary talent. Vintage Humour contains approximately 120 translations, each replicating the monorhyme scheme of the originals, with commentary where appropriate, a brief history of the poet's life and times, and a glossary of the key themes, motifs, and running jokes of the poems themselves. Based on extensive research with both Arabic and English source materials, Vintage Humour is an illuminating collection, of interest to both general and informed readers with an interest in Islamic studies, Arabic literature, and the history of Iraq and the Middle East.

Book The Book of Abu Nuwas

    Book Details:
  • Author : Abu Nuwas
  • Publisher : CreateSpace
  • Release : 2015-01-21
  • ISBN : 9781507510933
  • Pages : 220 pages

Download or read book The Book of Abu Nuwas written by Abu Nuwas and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE BOOK OF ABU NUWAS Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Abu Nuwas (757-814) was the most famous and infamous poet who composed in Arabic of the Abbasid era. His style was extravagant and his compositions reflected the licentious manners of the upper classes of his day. His father was Arab and his mother was Persian. As a youth he was sold into slavery; a wealthy benefactor later set him free. By the time he reached manhood he had settled in Baghdad and was composing poetry. It was at this time, because of his long hair, he acquired the name Abu Nuwas (Father of Ringlets). Gradually he attracted the attention of Harun al-Rashid and was given quarters at court. His ability as a poet no doubt was one reason for Abu Nuwas' success with the caliph, but after a while he became known as a reprobate and participated in less reputable pastimes with the ruler. He spent time in Egypt but soon returned to Baghdad to live out his remaining years. It is said he lived the last part of his life as a Sufi and some of his poems reflect this. He is popular today, perhaps more so than he ever was, as a kind of comic anti-hero in many Muslim countries. His poems consist of qit'as (of which he was the first master) ghazals and qasidas. His poems could be classified into: praises (of nobles and caliphs & famous people), mockeries, jokes, complaints, love of men and women, wine, hunting, laments, asceticism. All forms are here in the true meaning & rhyme structure. Introduction on his Life, Times & Poetry and forms he composed in and two appendixes of some of the stories about him in the Arabian Nights and elsewhere. Large Format Paperback 7" x 10" 196 pages. COMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFIZ'S 'DIVAN'. "It is not a joke... the English version of ALL the ghazals of Hafiz is a great feat and of paramount importance. I am astonished. " Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran. "Superb translations. 99% Hafiz 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator works in English into Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart. Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets of the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Mu'in, Amir Khusrau, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Omar Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre, Mahsati, Lalla Ded, Bulleh Shah, Shah Latif, Makhfi, Iqbal, Dara Shikoh, Ghalib and many others, as well as his own poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and a dozen screenplays. www.newhumanitybooks.com

Book Poems Of Wine   Revelry

Download or read book Poems Of Wine Revelry written by Jim Colville and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2005. Arabic literature has a distinguished tradition of bacchanals but none are so consistently entertaining or explicit or iconoclastic as those of Abu Nuwas al_hasan ibn Hani al-Hakami (c. 756-c.815), the 'bad boy' of Abbasid poetry. In his khamriyyat, Abu Nuwas offers a glimpse of the hedonistic and dissipated world he inhabited: the world of Baghdad high society at the zenith of the Abbasid caliphate. Yet there is also a modern and up-to-date feel about his poetry that makes it ideal for presentation to an English-speaking readership, some twelve centuries after his death.

Book Diwan of Abu Nuwas

    Book Details:
  • Author : Abu Nuwas
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2018-02-10
  • ISBN : 9781985212954
  • Pages : 306 pages

Download or read book Diwan of Abu Nuwas written by Abu Nuwas and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-10 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIWAN OF ABU NUWAS Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Abu Nuwas (757-814) was the most famous and infamous poet who composed in Arabic of the Abbasid era. His style was extravagant and his compositions reflected the licentious manners of the upper classes of his day. His father was Arab and his mother was Persian. As a youth he was sold into slavery; a wealthy benefactor later set him free. By the time he reached manhood he had settled in Baghdad and was composing poetry. It was at this time, because of his long hair, he acquired the name Abu Nuwas (Father of Ringlets). Gradually he attracted the attention of Harun al-Rashid and was given quarters at court. His ability as a poet no doubt was one reason for Abu Nuwas' success with the caliph, but after a while he became known as a reprobate and participated in less reputable pastimes with the ruler. He spent time in Egypt but soon returned to Baghdad to live out his remaining years. It is said he lived the last part of his life as a Sufi and some of his poems reflect this. He is popular today, perhaps more so than he ever was, as a kind of comic anti-hero in many Muslim countries. His poems consist of qit'as (of which he was the first master) ghazals and qasidas. His poems could be classified into: wine poems (over a 100 here translated), praises (of nobles and caliphs & famous people), mockeries, jokes, complaints, love of men and women, hunting, laments, asceticism. All forms are here in the meaning & rhyme structure, the largest in print. Introduction: Life, Times & Poetry and forms he composed in: 2 appendixes of some of the stories about him in Arabian Nights and elsewhere. Large Format Paperback 7" x 10" 307 pages. COMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFIZ'S 'DIVAN'. "It is not a joke... the English version of ALL the ghazals of Hafiz is a great feat and of paramount importance. I am astonished. " Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran. "Superb translations. 99% Hafiz 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator works in English into Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart. Paul Smith (b.1945) is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets of the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Mu'in, Amir Khusrau, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Omar Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre, Mahsati, Lalla Ded, Bulleh Shah, Shah Latif, Makhfi, Iqbal, Dara Shikoh, Ghalib, Seemab, Jigar and many others, as well as his own poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and a dozen screenplays. www.newhumanitybooks.com

Book Abu Nuwas

    Book Details:
  • Author : Paul Smith
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2019-05-18
  • ISBN : 9781092425803
  • Pages : 364 pages

Download or read book Abu Nuwas written by Paul Smith and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-18 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABU NUWAS: ARABIC'S GREAT, CONTROVERSIAL POET Selected Poems (Large Print & Large Format Edition) Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Abu Nuwas (757-814) was the most famous and infamous poet who composed in Arabic of the Abbasid era. His style was extravagant and his compositions reflected the licentious manners of the upper classes of his day. By the time he reached manhood he had settled in Baghdad and was composing poetry. Gradually he attracted the attention of Harun al-Rashid and was given quarters at court. His ability as a poet no doubt was one reason for Abu Nuwas' success with the caliph, but after a while he became known as a reprobate and participated in less reputable pastimes with the ruler. He spent time in Egypt but soon returned to Baghdad to live out his remaining years. It is said he lived the last part of his life as a Sufi and some of his poems reflect this. He is popular today, perhaps more so than he ever was, as a kind of comic anti-hero in many Muslim countries. His poems consist of qit'as (of which he was the first master) ghazals and qasidas. All forms are here in the meaning & rhyme structure, the largest in print. Introduction: Life, Times & Poetry and forms he composed in: 2 appendixes of some of the stories about him in Arabian Nights and elsewhere. Large Print 18pt., Large Format 8" x 10" 363 pages. Paul Smith (b.1945) is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets from the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Bulleh Shah, Shah Latif, Mansur Hallaj, Jigar, Seemab and many others, as well as poetry, fiction, plays, children's books, biographies and 12 screenplays. amazon.com/author/smithpa

Book Three Great Abbasid Poets

    Book Details:
  • Author : al-Mutanabbi
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2015-05-28
  • ISBN : 9781512106541
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Three Great Abbasid Poets written by al-Mutanabbi and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-05-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THREE GREAT ABBASID POETS Abu Nuwas, al-Mutanabbi & al-Ma'arri Lives & Poems Translation & Introduction Paul Smith The Abbasid Caliphate that ruled the Islamic world was the golden age of Islamic culture. It ruled from 750 to 1258 AD, making it one of the longest and most influential of the Islamic dynasties. For most of its early history it was the largest empire in the world and this meant that it had contact with distant neighbors such as the Chinese and Indians in the East and the Byzantines in the West, allowing it to adopt and synthesize ideas from all these cultures. All the arts and sciences flourished during these 500 years and in the art of Poetry three poets stood out among the non-Sufi poets like Ibn al-Farid... these were Abu Nuwas, al-Mutanabbi and al-Ma'arri. Here is their lives & times and a large selection of their poetry in the correct beautiful rhyme-structures and meaning. Included in the Introduction chapters on The Abbasid Caliphate, Poetry of the Abbasid Period, Forms of Arabic Poetry of the Abbasid Period. Selected Bibliography. Large Format 7" x 10" Pages 350. COMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFEZ'S DIVAN"It is not a joke... the English version of ALL the ghazals of Hafez is a great feat and of paramount importance. I am astonished.." Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran."Superb translations. 99% Hafez 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator of English to Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart. "Smith has probably put together the greatest collection of literary facts and history concerning Hafez." Daniel Ladinsky (Penguin Books author). Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets of Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish and other languages including Hafez, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Mu'in ud-din Chishti, Amir Khusrau, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Hallaj, Rudaki, Yunus Emre Ghalib, Iqbal, Makhfi, Lalla Ded, Abu Nuwas, Ibn al-Farid, Rahman Baba, Nazir and many others, as well as his own poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, kids books and a dozen screenplays. New Humanity Books amazon.com/author/smithpa

Book The Tales of Abu Nuwas

Download or read book The Tales of Abu Nuwas written by Marva Dasef and published by . This book was released on 2011-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW EDITION AVAILABLE TITLED SETARA'S GENIE. Abu Nuwas sits in the bazaar on his threadbare rug; a cup and sign proclaim him a teller of tales. For one small coin, he bids passers by to listen. A poor girl, Najda, sells spices from a tray. Would he, she asks, trade a tale for a packet of spice? Abu Nuwas agrees and begins the epic adventures of a girl and her genie. As did Scheherazade before him, Abu leaves Najda hanging in the middle of each yarn to keep her coming back. Between stories, he questions the girl about her life. He discovers that she has been promised in marriage to an old man whom she hates, but she must wed him to save her sick mother. The rich bridegroom will pay for the doctors the mother needs. Meanwhile, Najda sells spices in the market to earn enough money to keep her mother alive. While relating the fantastical accounts, the old man grows to admire the spice girl, and vows to find a way to help her. Listening to the stories of evil genies, demons, flying horses, dragons, viziers, princes, pirates, and nomadic raiders, young Najda finds her salvation with the help of Abu Nuwas, the TELLER OF TALES. This book may be purchased in ebook format under the title "Setara's Genie" published through MuseItUp Publishing in August 2012.

Book The Khamriyy  t of Ab   Nuw  s

    Book Details:
  • Author : F. Matthew Caswell
  • Publisher : Troubador Publishing Ltd
  • Release : 2015-08-28
  • ISBN : 1784623164
  • Pages : 328 pages

Download or read book The Khamriyy t of Ab Nuw s written by F. Matthew Caswell and published by Troubador Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abū Nuwās was a great Arabic poet whose poetry encapsulated the society of his time. It has now been twelve centuries since Abū Nuwās composed words as he trod the streets of Baghdad. For most of that period, major parts of his work were censored by state and mosque. It’s only recently that the suppressed material has been allowed to see the light of day, and this new translation of the knownkhamriyyāt faithfully reflects the original. Abū Nuwās’s khamriyyāt exhorts his listener to seek out pleasures. He pays homage to aged wine and to the tavern as a recourse for carnal pleasures, where the client is entertained by an engaging wine-server (saqi) who welcomes him with a kiss and urges him to drink. A whole body of symbolism revolves round the wine. At its heart is the feminine imagery; the wine (khamr, feminine) is the daughter of the vine, a bride brought out of its boudoir (vat) to be mated with water (mā’, masculine) to whom it submits at the mixing. That symbolism is a convenient vehicle for invoking a hetero/homo-erotic theme. Abū Nuwās does not seek his pleasures discreetly, asserting that a pleasure is not complete unless enjoyed openly. He is equally unreserved in his religious and social subversions. To an Arabist, the khamriyyāt is a rich feast of lofty verse, witty allusions and dazzling imagery. Those qualities are reproduced here in a lucid and elegant translation that will delight the specialist as well as the general reader.

Book O Tribe that Loves Boys

    Book Details:
  • Author : Abū Nuwās
  • Publisher : Small PressDistribution
  • Release : 1993
  • ISBN : 9789080085732
  • Pages : 56 pages

Download or read book O Tribe that Loves Boys written by Abū Nuwās and published by Small PressDistribution. This book was released on 1993 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Desiring Arabs

    Book Details:
  • Author : Joseph A. Massad
  • Publisher : University of Chicago Press
  • Release : 2008-09-15
  • ISBN : 0226509605
  • Pages : 469 pages

Download or read book Desiring Arabs written by Joseph A. Massad and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual desire has long played a key role in Western judgments about the value of Arab civilization. In the past, Westerners viewed the Arab world as licentious, and Western intolerance of sex led them to brand Arabs as decadent; but as Western society became more sexually open, the supposedly prudish Arabs soon became viewed as backward. Rather than focusing exclusively on how these views developed in the West, in Desiring Arabs Joseph A. Massad reveals the history of how Arabs represented their own sexual desires. To this aim, he assembles a massive and diverse compendium of Arabic writing from the nineteenth century to the present in order to chart the changes in Arab sexual attitudes and their links to Arab notions of cultural heritage and civilization. A work of impressive scope and erudition, Massad’s chronicle of both the history and modern permutations of the debate over representations of sexual desires and practices in the Arab world is a crucial addition to our understanding of a frequently oversimplified and vilified culture. “A pioneering work on a very timely yet frustratingly neglected topic. . . . I know of no other study that can even begin to compare with the detail and scope of [this] work.”—Khaled El-Rouayheb, Middle East Report “In Desiring Arabs, [Edward] Said’s disciple Joseph A. Massad corroborates his mentor’s thesis that orientalist writing was racist and dehumanizing. . . . [Massad] brilliantly goes on to trace the legacy of this racist, internalized, orientalist discourse up to the present.”—Financial Times

Book Arabic Poetry

    Book Details:
  • Author : Arthur John Arberry
  • Publisher : CUP Archive
  • Release : 1965
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 188 pages

Download or read book Arabic Poetry written by Arthur John Arberry and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1965 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Tales of Abunuwas

Download or read book Tales of Abunuwas written by Suzi Lewis-Barned and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Exhausted on the Cross

    Book Details:
  • Author : Najwan Darwish
  • Publisher : New York Review of Books
  • Release : 2021-02-23
  • ISBN : 1681375532
  • Pages : 145 pages

Download or read book Exhausted on the Cross written by Najwan Darwish and published by New York Review of Books. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A much-anticipated follow-up to Nothing More to Lose, this is only the second poetry collection translated into English from a vital voice of Arabic literature. “We drag histories behind us,” the Palestinian poet Najwan Darwish writes in Exhausted on the Cross, “here / where there’s neither land / nor sky.” In pared-down lines, brilliantly translated from the Arabic by Kareem James Abu-Zeid, Darwish records what Raúl Zurita describes as “something immemorial, almost unspeakable”—a poetry driven by a “moral imperative” to be a “colossal record of violence and, at the same time, the no less colossal record of compassion.” Darwish’s poems cross histories, cultures, and geographies, taking us from the grime of modern-day Shatila and the opulence of medieval Baghdad to the gardens of Samarkand and the open-air prison of present-day Gaza. We join the Persian poet Hafez in the conquered city of Shiraz and converse with the Prophet Mohammad in Medina. Poem after poem evokes the humor in the face of despair, the hope in the face of nightmare.

Book Mother of All Pigs

    Book Details:
  • Author : Malu Halasa
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2017
  • ISBN : 9781944700348
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Mother of All Pigs written by Malu Halasa and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hussein's illegal pork business has started to cause some headaches, and not just because of his permanent hangovers-- the town is tired of the smell, a mujahid has arrived on his doorstep, his American niece is visiting, and his sister has joined the Syrian rebel cause, but worst of all, his sow is severely depressed

Book The Book of Bidel Dehlavi

    Book Details:
  • Author : Mirza Bidel
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2016-03-19
  • ISBN : 9781530617340
  • Pages : 240 pages

Download or read book The Book of Bidel Dehlavi written by Mirza Bidel and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-19 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE BOOK OF BIDEL DEHLAVI Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Mirza Abdul-Qader Bidel (1644-1721) is one of the most respected poets from Afghanistan. In the early 17th century, his family moved from Balkh to India, to live under the Mughul dynasty. He was born and educated near Patna but spent most of his life in Dehli. In his later life he spent time travelling and visiting ancestral lands. His writings in Persian are extensive, being one of the creators of the 'Indian style'. Bidel's 16 books of poetry contain nearly 147,000 couplets. With Ghalib he is considered a master of the 'Indian Style' of the ghazal. He had complicated views on the nature of God, heavily influenced by the Sufis. The correct rhyme-structure has been kept as well as the beauty and meaning of these often mystical poems including ghazals, ruba'is, qit'as, bino rhymes, masnavis, mukhammas. Introduction on The Life and Times and Poetry of Bidel, Some of the Many Forms of Poems in Persian in which Bedil composed poems, Sufis & Dervishes: Their Art & Use of Poetry, and a Selected Bibliography. Large Format Paperback, 7" x 10" Pages... 241. COMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFIZ'S 'DIVAN'. "It is not a joke... the English version of ALL the ghazals of Hafiz is a great feat and of paramount importance. I am astonished. If he comes to Iran I will kiss the fingertips that wrote such a masterpiece inspired by the Creator of all." Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran. "Superb translations. 99% Hafiz 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator of mystical works in English into Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart. "Smith has probably put together the greatest collection of literary facts and history concerning Hafiz." Daniel Ladinsky (Penguin Books author of his own poems inspired by Hafiz). Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets from the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Mu'in, Amir Khusrau, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre. Lalla Ded, Mahsati and others, and his own poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and 12 screenplays. www.newhumanitybooks.com

Book The Wine Song in Classical Arabic Poetry

Download or read book The Wine Song in Classical Arabic Poetry written by Philip F. Kennedy and published by Oxford Oriental Monographs. This book was released on 1997 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classical period of Arab civilization produced the most extensive and highly developed bacchic tradition in world literature, In this book, the author traces the history of classical Arabic wine poetry from its origins in sixth century Arabia to its heyday in Baghdad at the turn of theninth century. The focus is on the greatest and perhaps most likeable of Arabic poets, Abu Nuwas. Although wine poetry is only one of the many genres for which he is known, it is the one that has ensured his fame, and the one on which this book concentrates. The wine songs of the poet are analysedand their connections with poetics, ethics, and religion are explored. The author also puts Abu Nuwas in perspective by comparing him with his most important predecessors and contemporaries and by discussing his interaction with other poetic genres such as amatory, invective, ascetic, or gnomicverse.