Download or read book The Biomass of European Forests written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest biomass is a relevant source of energy and material for the European bioeconomy. The JRC Biomass Assessment Study recognized the need for an up-to-date, harmonized and spatially-explicit estimate of the biomass stock in Europe to better understand its current and future contribution to a sustainable bioeconomy. In this perspective, the present report provides an overview of existing forest biomass data in Europe, describes the methodologies used to harmonize and compare them, and proposes an improved biomass map consistent with the forest inventory data. An analysis of the existing biomass data showed that European countries employ different forest and biomass definitions and provide estimates that refer to different periods and spatial scales. It is therefore essential to perform steps to harmonize the national biomass data and existing biomass maps to perform any meaningful pan-European assessment. The biomass data provided by the National Forest Inventories (NFIs) were first harmonized among each other in terms of biomass definition thanks to a dedicated effort and collaboration of 26 European NFIs. They were then further harmonized with the biomass maps for forest definition and reference year using forest cover maps and a forest growth model within the JRC Biomass Assessment Study. The national statistics were also harmonized by the NFIs regarding the forest area and biomass available for wood supply, using the same reference definition and common criteria to assess wood availability and related restrictions. This data harmonization effort produced a reference database of forest biomass in Europe, which includes statistics at sub-national scale and field plots, both harmonized for biomass pool and reference year. The reference database was used to assess the uncertainties of publically-available biomass maps at different spatial scales. A dedicated analysis quantified the impact of the harmonization of the reference data on the maps validation, highlighting the essential role of the harmonization procedure to obtain reliable results. The validation exercise indicated that, overall, the biomass maps have relatively low accuracy for Europe, especially at local scale, and suggested the need for an improved product. Thus, the map with the highest accuracy was further improved applying a bias-removal approach, where the reference data were used to quantify and remove the systematic difference of the map with the harmonized statistics. The result is a biomass map of Europe at 1 ha resolution for the year 2010 in line with the reference statistics in terms of forest area and biomass stock. The harmonized biomass map along with the harmonized statistics on biomass stock and biomass available for wood supply support an improved estimation of the current and potential supply of biomass resources from European forests as well as their availability and cost, towards a better assessment and modelling of the role of forest biomass in the European bioeconomy. Lastly, this study provides an overview of the current status and the upcoming developments in the field of satellite, airborne and terrestrial remote sensing of forest biomass. As these new technologies are rapidly maturing and becoming operational, they open the possibility for an integrated monitoring system that allows the detailed, frequent and accurate estimate of the forest resources.
Download or read book Forest Biomass written by T. Satoo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lord Rutherford has said that all science is either physics or stamp collecting. On that basis the study of forest biomass must be classified with stamp collecting and other such pleasurable pursuits. Japanese scientists have led the world, not only in collecting basic data, but in their attempts to systematise our knowledge of forest biomass. They have studied factors affecting dry matter production of forest trees in an attempt to approach underlying phYf'ical principles. This edition of Professor Satoo's book has been made possible the help of Dr John F. Hosner and the Virginia Poly technical Institute and State University who invited Dr Satoo to Blacksburg for three months in 1973 at about the time when he was in the final stages of preparing the Japanese version. Since then the explosion of world literature on forest biomass has continued to be fired by increasing shortages of timber supplies in many parts of the world as well as by a need to explore renewable sources of energy. In revising the original text I have attempted to maintain the input of Japanese work - much of which is not widely available outside Japan - and to update both the basic information and, where necessary, the conclusions to keep them in tune with current thinking. Those familiar with the Japanese original will find Chapter 3 largely rewritten on the basis of new work - much of which was initiated while Dr Satoo was in Blacksburg.
Download or read book Fluxes of Carbon Water and Energy of European Forests written by Riccardo Valentini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After years of technological development and its important achievements to make our life easier and more comfortable, human society is going to face one of the most difficult challenges of the last century: to stabilize the concentra tion levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to prevent harmful effects on the climate system. Through a delicate balance between photosynthesis and respiration, terres trial ecosystems, and in particular forests, are today thought to take up a sig nificant part of the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, sometimes called the "terrestrial carbon sink". However, the location, magnitude, and vulnerability of the carbon dioxide sink of the terrestrial biota are still uncer tain. The suite of traditional tools in an ecologist's toolbox for studying ecosys tem productivity and carbon balance include leaf cuvettes, whole-plant and soil chambers for gas exchange, and biomass and soil carbon inventories. While each of the cited methods has distinct advantages, they are limited with regards to their ability to measure net carbon dioxide exchange of the whole ecosystem across a variety of time scales. This book present a compendium of results of a European project (EURO FLUX), funded by the European Commission through its fourth framework program, aiming to elucidate the role of forests in continental carbon balance.
Download or read book European Forests written by European Environment Agency and published by Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. This book was released on 2008 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite political commitment, Europe is struggling to halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Forests, as the hosts of much of the biological diversity in Europe, are vital to this debate. Any initiative designed to halt the biodiversity loss in Europe must take forests into account.
Download or read book Forest Inventory based Projection Systems for Wood and Biomass Availability written by Susana Barreiro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed descriptions of the forest biomass projection systems used in 22 countries in Europe and North America, as well as four European-wide systems. Separate chapters focus on the concepts of estimation of availability of woody biomass, compare and classify the different projection systems, and discuss the challenges and opportunities for the further development of these systems.
Download or read book Biomass Forestry in Europe written by F.C. Hummel and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Use of Forest Biomass for Energy written by Dominik Röser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-28 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From time immemorial, firewood has been a very important source of energy for mankind. Later in history, wood for energy decreased its importance because of other more convenient and cheaper sources, mainly fossil fuels. Today, focus is again on use of forests as a producer of energy with main drivers being climate change, shortage and increasing prices of fossil fuel sources, and safety in energy supplies. However, intensive use of forest biomass is qu- tioned since fundamental ecological processes may be influenced negatively thus making up a trade-off with the benefits of using an otherwise sustainable source of energy. In this book, selected aspects of intensive use of forest b- mass for energy is treated with main focus on ecological aspects like maintenance of soil fertility, recycling of the combustion ash, inf- ence on biodiversity and pests, and economical aspects both at forest owners level and for society. Another focus point is the implemen- tion of this knowledge into decision support, recommendations and guidelines. The geographical scope is mainly the Nordic and Baltic region. The EU-financed project “Wood for Energy, - a contribution to the development of sustainable forest Management” (WOOD-EN- 1 MAN) , make up the frame for the book. Seven partners participated in the project: Forest & Landscape Denmark, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Lithuanian Forest Research Institute, Latvian State Forestry Research Institute, and Estonian University of Life Sciences with Forest & Landscape Denmark as coordinator.
Download or read book Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests written by Sandra Brown and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Biomass and Carbon written by Gopal Shukla and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests grow and their biomass increases; they absorb carbon from the atmosphere and store it in plant tissue. Understanding the biomass of forest vegetation is essential for determining the storage of carbon in the dominant tree component and computing carbon cycling at a regional as well as global level. This book consisting of five chapters will give a comprehensive understanding of biomass production vis-à-vis carbon storage in relation to litter and nutrient dynamics of the forest by analyzing the mode and magnitude of biomass production and carbon storage as a function of various silvicultural factors.
Download or read book Spatial distribution of regional whole tree carbon stocks and fluxes of forests in Europe written by M. J. Schelhaas and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forestry in the EU and the World written by Statistical Office of the European Communities and published by Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. This book was released on 2011 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge : The International Year of Forests 2011 - Forestry in the world: 1. Forests - 2. The economics of forestry and wood processing - 3. Wood and wood products - 4. Woods as a source of energy - Annexes.
Download or read book State of Europe s Forests 2011 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomass and Stem Volume Equations for Tree Species in Europe written by Dimitris Zianis and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of stem volume and biomass equations for tree species growing in Europe is presented. The mathematical forms of the empirical models, the associated statistical parameters and information about the size of the trees and the country of origin were collated from scientific articles and from technical reports. The collected information provides a basic tool for estimation of carbon stocks and nutrient balance of forest ecosystems across Europe as well as for validation of theoretical models of biomass allocation.
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume quantifies carbon storage in managed forest ecosystems not only in biomass, but also in all soil compartments. It investigates the interaction between the carbon and nitrogen cycles by working along a north-south transect through Europe that starts in northern Sweden, passes through a N-deposition maximum in central Europe and ends in Italy. For the first time biogeochemical processes are linked to biodiversity on a large geographic scale and with special focus on soil organisms. The accompanying CD-ROM provides a complete database of all flux, storage and species observations for modellers.
Download or read book Development of European Forests Until 2050 written by Gert-Jan Nabuurs and published by European Forest Institute Rese. This book was released on 2003 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Europe, forest policy discussions are moving towards a European-Union-wide strategy. This will further strengthen the relations between the European countries in the field of forests and forest management. European-wide forest planning and decision-making require that policy-makers have insight in the long-term development of European forests under alternative regimes. The European Forest Information Scenario Model (EFISCEN) was used to make projections of the development of the European forests under four different scenarios. This book addresses the consequences of each scenario for wood production, biodiversity, and the environmental functions of the forest. The results provide policy-makers with a challenge of whether to intervene in the ongoing trend of build-up of growing stock and whether to choose between enhancing biodiversity, increasing the use of domestically produced wood products, or to combine them.
Download or read book Increasing Forest Biomass Supply in Northern Europe Countrywide Estimates and Economic Perspectives written by Göran Bostedt and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woody biomass is the largest source of renewable energy in Europe and the expected increase in demand for wood was the stimulus for writing this paper. We discuss the economic effects of biophysical capacity limits in forest yield from a partial equilibrium perspective. Opportunities to increase the supply of forest biomass in the short- and long-term are discussed, as well as environmental side effects of intensive forest management. Focusing on northern Europe, national estimates of potential annual fellings and the corresponding potential amounts, simulated by the European Forest Information Scenario model (the EFISCEN model) are then resented, as well as reported fellings. For the region as a whole, there seems to be substantial unused biophysical potential, although recent data from some countries indicate underestimated annual felling rates. There is a need to discuss strategies to ensure that demand for wood resources in northern Europe can be accommodated without large price increases. However, using a larger proportion of the biophysical potential in northern Europe than at present will entail trade-offs with environmental and social values, which means that strategies are needed to protect and account for all the benefits of all forms of ecosystem services.
Download or read book Growth Trends in European Forests written by Heinrich Spiecker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Forest Institute (EFI) has five Research and Development priority ar eas: forest sustainability, forestry and possible climate change, structural changes in markets for forest products and services, policy analysis, and forest sector informa tion services and research methodology. In the area of forest sustainability our most important activity has been the project "Growth trends of European forests", the re sults of which are presented in this book. The project was started in August 1993 under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Heinrich Spiecker from the University of Freiburg, Germany, and it is one of the first EFI's research projects after its establishment in 1993. The main purpose of the project was to analyse whether site productivity has changed in European forests during the last decades. While several forest growth studies have been published at local, re gional and national levels, this project has aimed at stimulating a joint effort in iden tifying and quantifying possible growth trends and their spatial and temporal extent at the European level. Debate on forest decline and possible climate change, as well as considerations re lated to the long term supply of wood underline the importance of this project, both from environmental and industrial points of view. Knowledge on possible changes in growth trends is vital for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.
