Download or read book The Biology and Control of Reed Canarygrass Phalaris Arundinacea L on Irrigation Ditchbanks written by Richard Durward Comes and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is a desirable pasture grass on wet areas in the Northern United States and Southern Canada, but it is a serious and troublesome ditchbank weed in the Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain States. The purpose of this study was to learn more about the development, growth habits, and control of reed canarygrass on irrigation ditchbanks. Ninety-seven percent or more of the seed of this species germinated ediately after harvest under favorable conditions. Seeds stored in damp sand at constant temperatures of 1 and 23C for periods of time up to one year did not germinate until they were subjected to alternating temperatures of 20 and 30C. The first rhizome development on reed canarygrass seedlings grown in the greenhouse was observed 26 days after emergence. Within 16 weeks after emergence, the plants were in bloom and had 48 short rhizomes (6.5 cm maximum) per plant. In the field, 88 percent or more of the emergent: shoots on established plants originated from rhizome or tiller buds located in the upper 5 cm of soil. Some shoots developed from buds located at depths up to 20 cm, but none arose from a greater depth. Several vegetative characteristics of reed canarygrass plants collected from six irrigation projects in four states differed widely when grown in a garden at Prosser, Washington. The plant height, seed weights, panicle length, leaf length, leaf width, number of stems per plant, stem diameter, and the rate of spread by rhizomes were statistically different at the 5% level of probability. Large differences in the color and posture of the leaves were also observed. Plants collected near Huntley, Montana, were the most vigorous. Total available carbohydrates in the roots and rhizomes of established reed canarygrass were not affected by single applications of 2,2,dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) at 22 kg/ha, 3-amino-s-triazoleammonium thiocyanate (amitrole-T) at 4.5 kg/ha, or 1,1i-dimethy1-4,4'- bipyridinium ion (paraquat) at 1.1 kg/ha until 2 months after treatments were applied in May. By October, single applications of dalapon and amitrole-T and five repeated applications of paraquat reduced the carbohydrates 24, 28, and 50 percent, respectively. Two additional treatments of dalapon or amitrole-T or five additional treatments of paraquat in the second year of the study did not reduce the carbohydrate levels below those present during the first year. Dalapon and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), applied to the soil or to the senescent foliage in November at rates from 22 to 88 kg/ha, provided good to excellent temporary control of reed canarygrass without denuding ditchbanks. Redtop (Avostis alba L.) and reed canarygrass seedlings developed on the treated areas the following summer and reed canarygrass retained the dominant position unless the seedlings and plants that escaped the fall treatment were controlled with post-emergence applications of dalapon or amitrole-T. When the latter plants were controlled, redtop developed from natural or artificial seeding of the ditchbank and became the dominant species. Maximum residue levels of TCA in irrigation water ranged from 104 to 225 ppb following fall applications of TCA at 82 kg/ha to both banks of three irrigation laterals that ranged from 4 to 14.5 kilometers long. Average residue levels at the downstream ends of the laterals during the first four hours that water flowed through them in the spring ranged from 34 to 47 ppb. Eight hours after the initial flow of water through laterals 4, 8.4, and 14.5 kilometers long, residue levels were less than 1 ppb in the two shortest laterals and only 2.7 ppb in the longest lateral. No residues were detectable in the water from any of the laterals after 48 hours.

Download or read book Biology History and Suppression of Reed Canarygrass Phalaris Arundinacea L written by Mark Stannard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth and Development of Vegetative Shoots of Reed Canarygrass written by John Elly Begg and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Field Evaluation of Control Options for Reed Canarygrass on Irrigation Ditch Banks written by Hardy Associates (1978) Ltd and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Light Availability and Resourse Subsidy on the Vegetative Spread of Phalaris Arundinacea L Reed Canarygrass in Wetland written by Debbie Maurer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reed Canarygrass Phalaris Arundinacea L in the Pacific Northwest written by Francis George Naglich and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Feasibility of Using Prescribed Burning to Control Reed Canary Grass phalaris Arundinacea L Populations in Wisconsin Wetlands written by Christina M. Reyes and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reed Canarygrass Phalaris Arundinacea written by Cynthia Lea Uthus and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Macroinvertebrate Response to Reed Canarygrass Phalaris Arundinacea L Control Measures in Seasonally flooded Wetlands in Western Washington written by Robert Brian Gaston and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Reed Canarygrass Phalaris Arundinacea Control Within Wetland W Q Cordata Business Park Washington written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Reed Canarygrass Phalaris Arundinacea Control Within Wetland W Q Cordata Business Park Bellingham Washington written by Liisa Dier-Ackley and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Restoration of Agricultural Wetlands Invaded by Phalaris Arundinacea reed Canary Grass written by Ellen E. Hamingson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reed Canary Grass written by Harry August Schoth and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 1362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book First Season Effects of Managed Flooding on the Invasive Species Phalaris Arundinacea L and Shoreline Vegetation Communities in an Urban Wetland written by Noah John Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reed Canarygrass Phalaris Arundinacea L Response to Fall and Spring Prescribed Burning written by Julie Godberson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecohydrology Effects of an Invasive Grass Phalaris Arundinacea on Semi arid Riparian Zones written by Adam D. Gebauer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Riparian areas (floodplains) provide key ecological functions that are linked to the ecohydrology however; they are particularly susceptible to invasion by alien species. In much of the western United States, riparian zones are shifting from native woody and herbaceous species to invasive grass dominated ecosystems that may alter hydrology, including changes to stream flow. Compared to the woody species they often replace, dense grass stands may have higher rates of growth (productivity) and water loss through leaves (transpiration), yet may access shallower water sources and thus reduce stream flow. In eastern Washington, many streams experience low flow that degrades water quality, concentrates pollutants, and reduces habitat. Most of these streams' riparian zones have extensive stands of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Reed canary grass was historically planted for erosion control and as a forage crop, but its ability to invade and create monotypic stands has allowed it to out compete native vegetation in riparian areas throughout much of the temperate United States. My goal is to determine the effect of reed canary grass on the ecohydrology of riparian zones along low order streams in a semi-arid region. I conducted vegetation, groundwater, and stream flow surveys at nine sites along four watersheds to determine community composition and hydrologic regime measured the length of the growing season for nine riparian species. I measured the amount of biomass and calculated the amount of photosynthetic surface for dense stands of nine riparian species. The amount of water used by different species was determined by measuring transpiration rates of reed canary grass and other riparian species throughout the growing season. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes from different water sources (stream water and deep groundwater) were used to determine the proportion of water sources use by different plants species. Reed canary grass was found with greater cover than other riparian species on low elevation geomorphic positions in the riparian zone. It had the longest growing season by two weeks. Although its transpiration rates per unit leaf area are not exceptional compared to other species, its high specific leaf area and ability to produce dense stands of photosynthetic biomass results in more photosynthetic surface through which to transpire water than any other riparian species. Reed canary grass was found to rely heavily on surface water sources along different elevations in the riparian zone. My results implicate reed canary grass as a major factor in the regional low stream flow during the growing season. Although the presence of reed canary grass can add some benefits to a riparia buffer, I present strong evidence that it is altering the ecohydrology of these ecosystems. The management of this grass, particularly in a semi-arid region, could improve water quality and quantity"--Document.