Download or read book The Behaviors Habitat Preferences and Ecology of Distinct Atlantic Cod Phenotypes in the Gulf of Maine written by Christian W. Conroy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diversity in spatial behaviors and associated divergence of phenotypes are common across fish taxa. Behavior and phenotype are shaped by geology, oceanography, climate, prey availability, predation, competition, and the cumulative effects of these factors on past generations. In stochastic natural systems, diversity may enhance stability, resilience, and even productivity of populations and population complexes. Among the behaviors of fish that vary between and within populations is migration. Migration is most often related to travel between spawning and feeding grounds and is integral to population productivity. However, members of the same species and even population may adopt vastly different migratory strategies, including long-distance migration and strict site residence. Across taxa, these strategies are often correlated with metabolism, growth, fecundity, and productivity. In the context of fisheries management, the spatial and physiological variance associated with different migratory strategies may lead to complicated or unexpected responses by managed stocks to disturbance. Understanding the processes that lead to the adoption and maintenance of migratory strategies, how these behaviors affect habitat use, and how behavior and habitat are related to phenotype, are necessary to the development of effective fisheries management policies and regulations. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) adopt a range of spatial behaviors across the North Atlantic, with effects on productivity and growth. As in other fish taxa, resident cod have lower growth rates and fecundity than conspecific migrants. Many identified groups of cod residents are physically isolated from nearby migrants, offering little insight to many of the important questions surrounding these behavioral strategies. In the Gulf of Maine, sympatric resident and migrant cod have been identified from a number of locations. This research focused on the interactions between behavior, habitat use, and phenotype of cod in the Gulf of Maine. A visually distinct cod phenotype found at several locations throughout the region features red pigmentation and a deeper body than the familiar form of cod. As is observed elsewhere in the species range, this red phenotype remains in relatively shallow, structured habitats and grows at lower rates compared to the familiar migrant olive phenotype. The connection between low growth, resident behavioral strategy, and body morphology (deep vs. fusiform) has been observed in a number of salmonids and may be common among fishes that occupy diverse environments. Red phenotypes were highly selective of certain habitats, and the spatial behaviors of all cod regardless of phenotype changed seasonally, possibly due to the influence of seasonal changes in environmental conditions like temperature. Phenotype-specific behaviors were consistent both inshore and offshore, generally following resident and migrant strategies. Offshore red phenotypes expressed strict site fidelity, but this may in part be due to habitat limitation, as nearshore red phenotypes adhered to shallow depths but moved up and down the coast. Regardless of phenotype, cod utilize shallow, structured habitats at an offshore site, Cashes Ledge, during the warm periods of the summer and fall. Habitat use is focused on the most complex habitats in the shallowest peaks of the ledge, which often are covered in thick macroalgal stands. The shallow structured habitats preferred by red phenotypes and utilized by all cod are not available to widely used groundfishing gear, thus limiting fishing pressure on these important habitats. At the same time, shallow coasts and ledges will be affected by warming surface waters and increased storm activities associated with ongoing climate change. The importance of these habitats and their utilization by cod relative to their adopted migratory strategies may impact population-scale responses of cod to future management activities.
Download or read book Atlantic Cod written by George A. Rose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive handbook, covering all aspects of the Atlantic cod including the biology, ecology, life histories, behaviour, commercial exploitation and conservation Not only is Atlantic cod one of the most valuable food fish in the world’s oceans, it is an important component of North Atlantic ecosystems and has been subject to much research into its biology, ecology and exploitation. After hundreds of years of exploitation, overfishing in the last half of the 20th Century caused many stocks to collapse, most famously the Northern cod stock off Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Since then, most cod stocks have been better researched and managed, but remain in a variety of states, from fully recovered to continued decline. This book, written by world experts, describes that research and management, and the importance of cod and its fisheries on North Atlantic cultures and economies, with impacts well beyond the range of the species. Atlantic Cod: Bio-Ecology of the Fish offers insightful chapter coverage of cod nomenclature, taxonomy, phylogeny and morphology; physiology and ecophysiology; reproduction and spawning behavior; early life history and pre-recruitment processes; migrations, movements and stock identity; feeding, growth and energetics; the place of cod in the ecosystem; the exploitation of cod through history and present day commercial fisheries and precautionary management for sustainable fisheries; impacts of climate change on cod biology and ecology; and the future of the species and its fisheries. Discusses the major commercial importance of Atlantic cod through history Provides a comprehensive treatment of the bio-ecology of the most researched and highly exploited fully marine species Examines how the decline (and recovery) of cod stocks is of great political and scientific interest An essential purchase for marine fisheries scientists Atlantic Cod: Bio-Ecology of the Fish is a vital book for all fisheries scientists, managers and fish biologists.
Download or read book From Cape Cod to the Bay of Fundy written by Philip W. Conkling and published by Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Images of the earth's surface have been around for years, but it is only recently that scientists have begun to take advantage of new data generated by the explosion of remote sensing equipment to address a variety of technical questions in many different fields. This Atlas presents breathtaking full-color images of the region to reveal and interpret environmental patterns and problems. The illustrations are interwoven with commentary on the area's ecology, geology, and oceanography, giving readers an understanding of the link between their own backyard and the interdependent set of systems that make up one of the most distinctive regions on earth. The Gulf of Maine is an almost-enclosed sea bounded by an international watershed; shaped by volcanoes, glaciation, and other geologic forces; rich in marine resources; diverse in terrestrial systems; occupied by indigenous peoples for nearly 10,000 years; and now used intensively by fishermen, foresters, and tourists. A different aspect of this multi-faceted region is discussed in each chapter. Yet it is the stunning satellite images and aerial photographs that set the Atlas apart. With pinpoint clarity, the images demonstrate how these increasingly powerful sensing tools may be utilized to view and interpret elements of the natural environment and ultimately, to help rectify problems. In the carefully coordinated narrative essays, authors from across the region address issues raised by the images, for example: how much clear cutting is going on and what its effects are on other parts of the ecosystem; how well marine fisheries are managing to prevent overfishing; the effect of pollutant loadings in nearshore estuaries; and how seaweeds contribute to the lobster harvest.
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Atlantic Cod written by Nataliia Kulatska and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-10-31 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic cod is an important fish species in human history and continues to be a major influence on North Atlantic fisheries management, as stock collapses and recoveries impact coastal communities and shelf sea food webs. This book provides an overview of Atlantic cod biology and ecology, focussing on regional differences in life-history and stock dynamics that affect productivity and the challenges faced by management. By comparing the success of management approaches and the local influence of changing climate and food webs, the book highlights the different pressures facing stocks and identifies knowledge gaps across the species’ range.
Download or read book Determination of Endangered Status for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon Final Rule Us Fish and Wildlife Service Regulation Fws 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-23 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determination of Endangered Status for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon - Final Rule (US Fish and Wildlife Service Regulation) (FWS) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Determination of Endangered Status for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon - Final Rule (US Fish and Wildlife Service Regulation) (FWS) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We (NMFS and USFWS, collectively referred to as the Services) have determined that naturally spawned and conservation hatchery populations of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) whose freshwater range occurs in the watersheds from the Androscoggin River northward along the Maine coast to the Dennys River, including those that were already listed in November 2000, constitute a distinct population segment (DPS) and hence a "species" for listing. We have determined that the Gulf of Maine (GOM) DPS warrants listing as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Critical habitat for the GOM DPS will be designated in a subsequent Federal Register notice. This book contains: - The complete text of the Determination of Endangered Status for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon - Final Rule (US Fish and Wildlife Service Regulation) (FWS) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Spawning Dynamics Seasonal Movements and Population Structure of Atlantic Cod Gadus Morhua in the Gulf of Maine written by Douglas Robert Zemeckis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) have been a principal target species in New England's ground fish fishery since the 17th century. In recent decades, the Gulf of Maine cod stock has experienced substantial declines in abundance, and many historical spawning components have been depleted, reducing stock productivity and stability. Managing stock rebuilding has been difficult because of many uncertainties in population dynamics. Therefore, to support stock rebuilding efforts, the objective of this dissertation was to improve our understanding of the spawning dynamics, seasonal movements, and population structure of Atlantic cod in the Gulf of Maine. An interdisciplinary review of the scientific literature demonstrated that the cod population off New England can be described as a metapopulation that includes genetically-distinct spring- and winter spawning subpopulations which are comprised of many finer-scale spawning components. Available information indicates that current management unit boundaries do not accurately represent the biological population structure. Therefore, a modification of current management units is recommended to provide a more accurate representation of the underlying biological population processes. Review of the cod spawning literature indicated that cod spawn in multiple locations and seasons, and the complex cod mating system can be described as a "lek". The aspects of cod spawning dynamics most important for consideration by fishery managers are the spatial and temporal extent ofspawning, the behavior of spawners, and the reproductive contributions of older age-classes. The application of spawning closures as part of a multidisciplinary approach to fisheries management is recommended to prevent disruption of spawning and extirpation of semi-discrete spawning components. Spawning site fidelity contributes to the formation and maintenance of the observed metapopulation structure and delays the recolonization of abandoned spawning sites by limiting reproductive connectivity. Acoustic telemetry was used to document prevalent, fine-scale spawning site fidelity with respect to an inshore spawning site in the western Gulf of Maine. Movements away from the inshore spawning site were studied using conventional tags, acoustic telemetry, and geolocation utilizing data from archival data storage tags. Connectivity was documented among multiple inshore spawning sites, which is apparently sufficient to promote gene flow within the western subpopulation. Cod were primarily residential within the western Gulf of Maine. After spawning inshore, cod moved to offshore feeding grounds from summer to early winter. Deep offshore basins served as overwintering habitat before initiation of an inshore spring spawning migration. Results from this dissertation have been valuable for informing fishery managers in the development of regulations to protect cod spawning aggregations. Findings are contributing to ongoing processes to investigate cod population structure and reevaluate current management units. This dissertation provides a more holistic understanding of cod population dynamics, which is expected to contribute to the development of future fishery management plans and stock assessment models that work towards achieving stock rebuilding.
Download or read book Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico Before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill written by C. Herb Ward and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. The Gulf of Mexico is an open and dynamic marine ecosystem rich in natural resources but heavily impacted by human activities, including agricultural, industrial, commercial and coastal development. The Gulf of Mexico has been continuously exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons for millions of years from natural oil and gas seeps on the sea floor, and more recently from oil drilling and production activities located in the water near and far from shore. Major accidental oil spills in the Gulf are infrequent; two of the most significant include the Ixtoc I blowout in the Bay of Campeche in 1979 and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in 2010. Unfortunately, baseline assessments of the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before these spills either were not available, or the data had not been systematically compiled in a way that would help scientists assess the potential short-term and long-term effects of such events. This 2-volume series compiles and summarizes thousands of data sets showing the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Volume 2 covers historical data on commercial and recreational fisheries, with an analysis of marketing trends and drivers; ecology, populations and risks to birds, sea turtles and marine mammals in the Gulf; and diseases and mortalities of fish and other animals that inhabit the Gulf of Mexico.
Download or read book Development of Fishery Statistics in the North Atlantic written by George Armytage Rounsefell and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The European Landing Obligation written by Sven Sebastian Uhlmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a comprehensive examination of the European Landing Obligation policy from many relevant perspectives. It includes evaluations of its impacts at economical, socio-cultural, ecological and institutional levels. It also discusses the feasibility and benefits of several potential mitigation strategies. The book was timely published, exactly at the time where the Landing Obligation was planned to be fully implemented. This book is of significant interest to all stakeholders involved, but also to the general public of Europe and to other jurisdictions throughout the world that are also searching for ways to deal with by-catch and discard issues.
Download or read book Atlantic Halibut Hippoglossus Hippoglossus and Pacific Halibut H Stenolepis and Their North American Fisheries written by Robert J. Trumble and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic halibut and Pacific halibut off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America share many biological characteristics. The conventional separation of the halibut into separate species is not uniformly accepted. Reproduction and early life history are nearly identical, although the extensive drift of Pacific halibut eggs and larvae and countermigration as juveniles have not been demonstrated for the Atlantic halibut. Adult halibut undergo migration from winter spawning grounds along the upper continental slope to summer feeding grounds on the continental shelf. The two halibuts show the same pattern of age and growth. They exhibit different trophic selectivity, as small Atlantic halibut consume a higher proportion of invertebrates as samll fish and large Atlantic halibut consume a higher proportion of fish, compared to Pacific halibut. Halibut management in the Atlantic and Pacific varies dramatically. Atlantic halibut in Canada were managed with other groundfish until 1988 and are not managed in the United States. Pacific halibut have been managed by an international commission under treaty between the United States and Canada since 1923. Atlantic halibut have produced from 1000 to 5000 t annually, mainly off Canada, while Pacific halibut have produced 12,000 to 45,000 t, mainly off Alaska. Biological and fishery data are collected more extensively for the Pacific halibut, for which detailed stock assessment is conducted.
Download or read book Global Perspectives on the Biology and Life History of the White Shark written by Michael L. Domeier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-03 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired by the International White Shark Symposium in 2010, Global Perspectives on the Biology and Life History of the White Shark incorporates the most important contemporary research findings into a single peer-reviewed book. This beautifully illustrated reference represents a historic change in the context of White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) research. Once considered one of the most poorly understood and difficult sharks to study, this timely book recognizes a new sophisticated focus on the White Shark, raising its status from obscurity to enlightenment. The Global Perspectives on the Biology and Life History of the White Shark celebrates the White Shark as the most studied shark in the sea. Within the chapters one can find new insights into a vast range of topics, such as behavior, physiology, migration patterns, habitat preferences, daily activity patterns, molecular genetics, reproductive biology and new research methods. The book also delves into population monitoring and policy options for managers and researchers.
Download or read book Dynamic Geography of Marine Fish Populations written by Alec D. MacCall and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.
Download or read book Edible Sea Urchins Biology and Ecology written by John M. Lawrence and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea urchins are a major component of marine environments found throughout the world's oceans. A major model for research in developmental biology, they are also of major economic importance in many regions and interest in their management and aquaculture has increased greatly in recent years. This book provides a synthesis of biological and ecological characteristics of sea urchins that are of basic scientific interest and also essential for effective fisheries management and aquaculture. General chapters consider characteristics of sea urchins as a whole. In addition, specific chapters are devoted to the ecology of 17 species that are of major commercial interest and ecological importance.Features include: • A synthesis of what is known about the basic biological characteristics of the sea urchin, useful for the direction of future research. • Case histories of 17 species that illustrate their ecological role in a variety of environments. • With the catastrophic decline in fisheries resulting primarily from over-fishing, it is essential that the populations be managed effectively and that aquaculture be developed. This book provides knowledge of the biology and ecology of the commercially important sea urchins that will contribute to these goals. • The only book available in present literature devoted to sea urchins.With this new title experts provide a broad synthetic treatment and in depth analysis of the biology and ecology of sea urchins from around the world, designed to provide an understanding of the group and the basis for fisheries management and aquaculture.
Download or read book Stock Identification Methods written by Steven X. Cadrin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stock Identification Methods, 2e, continues to provide a comprehensive review of the various disciplines used to study the population structure of fishery resources. It represents the worldwide experience and perspectives of experts on each method, assembled through a working group of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. The book is organized to foster interdisciplinary analyses and conclusions about stock structure, a crucial topic for fishery science and management. Technological advances have promoted the development of stock identification methods in many directions, resulting in a confusing variety of approaches. Based on central tenets of population biology and management needs, this valuable resource offers a unified framework for understanding stock structure by promoting an understanding of the relative merits and sensitivities of each approach. - Describes 18 distinct approaches to stock identification grouped into sections on life history traits, environmental signals, genetic analyses, and applied marks - Features experts' reviews of benchmark case studies, general protocols, and the strengths and weaknesses of each identification method - Reviews statistical techniques for exploring stock patterns, testing for differences among putative stocks, stock discrimination, and stock composition analysis - Focuses on the challenges of interpreting data and managing mixed-stock fisheries
Download or read book Fish Locomotion written by Paolo Domenici and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish accomplish most of their basic behaviors by swimming. Swimming is fundamental in a vast majority of fish species for avoiding predation, feeding, finding food, mating, migrating and finding optimal physical environments. Fish exhibit a wide variety of swimming patterns and behaviors. This treatise looks at fish swimming from the behavioral and
Download or read book The Future of Fisheries Science in North America written by Richard J. Beamish and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-07 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fisheries science in North America is changing in response to a changing climate, new technologies, an ecosystem approach to management and new thinking about the processes affecting stock and recruitment. Authors of the 34 chapters review the science in their particular fields and use their experience to develop informed opinions about the future. Everyone associated with fish, fisheries and fisheries management will find material that will stimulate their thinking about the future. Readers will be impressed with the potential for new discoveries, but disturbed by how much needs to be done in fisheries science if we are to sustain North American fisheries in our changing climate. Officials that manage or fund fisheries science will appreciate the urgency for the new information needed for the stewardship of fish populations and their ecosystems. Research organizations may want to keep some extra copies for a future look back into the thoughts of a wide range of fisheries professionals. Fisheries science has been full of surprises with some of the surprises having major economic impacts. It is important to minimize these impacts as the demand for seafood increases and the complexities of fisheries management increase.
