Download or read book The Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact Evaluation of Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study on Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project.

Download or read book Community based Food and Nutrition Programmes written by Suraiya Jabeen Ismail and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2003 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional status is the most important outcome indicator to measure progress against poverty and malnutrition. Nine case studies from Africa, Asia and Latin America and three desk reviews investigate best practices that may account for successful outcomes and program sustainability.

Download or read book The Project in International Development written by Caitlin Scott and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-26 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project has become fundamental to international development and humanitarian practice, playing a key role in defining objectives, funding streams and ultimately determining what success looks like. This book provides a much-needed overview of the project in international development practice, guiding the reader through the latest theoretical debates, and exploring the core tools and stages of planning and design. The book starts with an overview of the role of the project through development history, before taking the reader through the stages of a standard project management cycle. Each chapter introduces the stage, the most common tools used to support that phase of planning, and the critical debates that exist around it, with examples to illustrate discussions from around the world and a range of development fields. The book explores the challenges to working effectively in contemporary aid contexts, including the role of politics and the pressures wrought by the demands to demonstrate quantified results. Throughout, the book argues for the need to see the project as a form of governmentality that arranges resources and people in time and space, and that extends neoliberal forms of managerial control in the sector. Ending with suggestions for innovation, this book is perfect for anyone looking for an accessible and engaging guide to the international development project, whether student, researcher or practitioner.

Download or read book Evidence Based Policy written by Nancy Cartwright and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last twenty or so years, it has become standard to require policy makers to base their recommendations on evidence. That is now uncontroversial to the point of triviality--of course, policy should be based on the facts. But are the methods that policy makers rely on to gather and analyze evidence the right ones? In Evidence-Based Policy, Nancy Cartwright, an eminent scholar, and Jeremy Hardie, who has had a long and successful career in both business and the economy, explain that the dominant methods which are in use now--broadly speaking, methods that imitate standard practices in medicine like randomized control trials--do not work. They fail, Cartwright and Hardie contend, because they do not enhance our ability to predict if policies will be effective. The prevailing methods fall short not just because social science, which operates within the domain of real-world politics and deals with people, differs so much from the natural science milieu of the lab. Rather, there are principled reasons why the advice for crafting and implementing policy now on offer will lead to bad results. Current guides in use tend to rank scientific methods according to the degree of trustworthiness of the evidence they produce. That is valuable in certain respects, but such approaches offer little advice about how to think about putting such evidence to use. Evidence-Based Policy focuses on showing policymakers how to effectively use evidence, explaining what types of information are most necessary for making reliable policy, and offers lessons on how to organize that information.

Download or read book Imporving Nutritional Status Through Behavioral Change Lessons from Madagascar written by Emanuela Galasso and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diarrhoeal Diseases Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1998-03 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bangladesh National Nutrition Services written by Kuntal K. Saha and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the findings of an operations research study conducted to assess the implementation of the Government of Bangladesh’s National Nutrition Services Program (NNS) and to identify the achievements, determine the bottlenecks that adversely impact these achievements, and highlight potential solutions to ensure smooth delivery of the program. A mixed methods research approach was used to evaluate five major domains of the program: management and support services; training and capacity development; service delivery; monitoring and evaluation, and; exposure to interventions. The study found that the overall NNS effort is an ambitious, but valuable approach to support nutrition actions through an existing health system with diverse platforms. The results indicate that although the maintenance of strong and stable leadership of NNS is an essential element to ensure integrated and well-coordinated comprehensive service delivery for the line directorate, the current arrangement is unable to ensure effective implementation and coordination of NNS. Focusing on some of the critical challenges related to leadership and coordination in the first instance, and on embedding a small core set of interventions into well-matched (for scale, target populations, and potential for impact) health system delivery platforms is most likely to help achieve scale and impact. Strategic investments in ensuring transparency, engaging available technical partners for monitoring and implementation support, and not shying away from other potential high coverage outreach platforms like some NGO platforms also could prove fruitful. Moreover, although the Government of Bangladesh, and the health system in particular, must lead the effort to deliver for nutrition, it is clear that development partners who have expressed a commitment to nutrition must coordinate their own activities and provide the support that can deliver on nutrition's potential for Bangladesh.

Download or read book Getting to Know the World Bank written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general introduction to the World Bank, this guide provides an overview of the Bank's history, organization, mission, and purpose.

Download or read book Food Systems for Improved Human Nutrition written by Palit Kataki and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-10-31 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to produce crops with improved nutrition to alleviate malnourishment--using sustainable agriculture techniques! Utilizing complete food systems to improve nutrition has become a priority in the fight against malnutrition. This book examines all aspects of food systems, drawing on examples from various countries and geographical regions. Bringing together the most recent work of international experts, Food Systems for Improved Human Nutrition provides an important overview of the food systems approach. It also explores the extent of malnourishment in different areas; presents case studies from South Asia, China, India, Bangladesh, and East Africa; points to ways to improve food production and nutrient quality; and suggests directions for future research. Helpful charts and tables make the information in this well-referenced book easy to access and understand. Food Systems for Improved Human Nutrition brings you state-of-the-art information on: the potential benefits of agroforestry systems how to fortify food with micronutrients how to design population-appropriate nutrition interventions the ways that rapid economic change can affect human nutrition in a given area biotech approaches to improve nutrition in rice and maize crops crossbred cow technologies in the East African highlands and much more!

Download or read book The Institutionalisation of Evaluation in Asia Pacific written by Reinhard Stockmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-23 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the progress of institutionalisation of evaluation in Asia Pacific from various perspectives. It presents prior developments and current states of evaluation in 11 countries, focusing on three dimensions, namely the political, social and professional systems. These detailed country reports, which have been written by selected researchers and authors of the respective countries, lead to a concluding comparison and synthesis. This is the third of four volumes of the compendium The Institutionalisation of Evaluation. The first volume on Europe was published in 2020, and the second volume on the Americas in 2022. It will be followed by another volume on Africa. The overall aim is to provide an interdisciplinary audience with cross-country learning to enable them to better understand the institutionalisation of evaluation in different nations, world regions and sectors.

Download or read book Maintaining Momentum to 2015 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report addresses the issue of what publicly-supported programs and external assistance from the Bank and other agencies can do to accelerate attainment of targets such as reducing infant mortality by two-thirds. The evidence presented here relates to Bangladesh, a country which has made spectacular progress but needs to maintain momentum in order to achieve its own poverty reduction goals. The report addresses the following issues:(1) What has happened to child health and nutrition outcomes and fertility in Bangladesh since 1990? Are the poor sharing in the progress which is being made? (

Download or read book Strengthening Country Commitment to Human Development written by Richard Heaver and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Technical and economic issues get the lion's share of attention in designing poverty reduction programs. Yet politicians, bureaucrats, or communities are not committed to implementing them well. This book draws attention to this gap in analysis and planning and suggests practical ways, based on country experience, to build commitment.

Download or read book The Battle Against Hunger written by Devi Sridhar and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2008-09-11 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why have strategies to combat hunger in India failed so badly? How did a nation that prides itself on booming economic growth come to have half of its preschool population undernourished? This book takes up these questions and probes the issues surrounding the World Bank, development assistance, hunger, and aid and power.

Download or read book What Can We Learn from Nutrition Impact Evaluations written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-08-27 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation Summary What Can We Learn from Nutrition Impact Evaluations? High levels of child malnutrition in developing countries contribute to mortality and have long-term consequences for children s cognitive development and earnings as adults. Recent impact evaluations show that many different interventions have had an impact on children s anthropometric outcomes (height, weight, and birth weight), but there is no simple answer to the question What works? to address the problem. Similar interventions have widely different results in different settings, owing to differences in local context, the causes and severity of malnutrition, and the capacity for program implementation. Impact evaluations of programs supported by the Bank, which are generally large-scale, complex inter-ventions in low-capacity settings, show equally variable results. The findings confirm that it should not be assumed that an intervention found effective in a randomized medical setting will have the same effects when implemented under field conditions. There are many robust experimental and quasi-experimental methods for assessing impact under difficult circumstances often found in field settings. The relevance and impact of nutrition impact evaluations could be enhanced by collecting data on service delivery, demand-side behavioral outcomes, and implementation processes to better understand the causal chain and what part of the chain is weak, in parallel with impact evaluations. It is also important to understand better the distribution of impacts, particularly among the poor, and to document better the costs and effectiveness of interventions. High levels of child malnutrition in developing countries are contributing to mortality and present long-term consequences for the survivors. An estimated 178 million children under age 5 in developing countries are stunted (low height for age) and 55 million are wasted (low weight for height). Malnutrition makes children more susceptible to illness and strongly affects child mortality. Beyond the mortality risk in the short run, the developmental delays caused by undernutrition affect children s cognitive outcomes and productive potential as adults. Micronutrient deficiencies vitamin A, iron, zinc, iodine, for example are also common and have significant consequences. Progress in reducing malnutrition has been slow: More than half of countries are not on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of halving the share of children who are malnou-rished (low weight for age) by 2015. The food price and financial crises are making achievement of this goal even more elusive. The World Bank has recently taken steps to ex-pand its support for nutrition in response to the underlying need and the increased urgency due to the crises. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT REDUCING MALNUTRITION? The increased interest and resources focused on the problem of high and potentially increasing rates of undernutrition raises the question, what do we know about the causes of malnutrition and the in-terventions most likely to reduce it? The medical literature points to the need to inter-vene during gestation and the first two years of life to prevent child malnutrition and its consequences. It suggests that investments in interventions during this window of opportunity among children under 2 are likely to have the greatest benefits. Recently published meta-analyses of the impact evaluation literature point to several interventions found effective for reducing undernutrition in spe-cific settings. However, there are limitations to the generalizability of those reviews findings, particularly in the context of large-scale government programs most likely to be supported by the World Bank. The reviews tend to disproportionately draw on the findings of smaller, controlled experiments; there are few examples of evaluations of large-scale programs, over which there is less control in implementation. In reviewing a large number of studies, interventions, and outcomes, they tend to focus on average impacts. They generally do not explain the magnitude or variability of impacts across or within studies. Very few address the programmatic reasons why some interventions work or don t work, nor do they assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions. Objectives of the Review This paper reviews recent impact evaluations of interventions and programs to improve child anth-ropometric outcomes height, weight, and birth weight with an emphasis on both the findings and limitations of the literature and on understanding what might happen in a non-research setting. It further reviews in greater detail the experience and lessons from evaluations of the impact of World Bank-supported programs on nutrition outcomes. Specifically, the review addresses four questions. First, what can be said about the impact of different interventions on children s anthropometric outcomes? Second, how do these findings vary across settings and within target groups, and what accounts for this variability? Third, what is the evidence of the cost-effectiveness of these interventions? Finally, what have been the lessons from implementing impact evaluations of Bank-supported programs with anthropometric impacts? While there are different dimensions of child nutri-tion that could be explored, the report focuses on child anthropometric outcomes -- weight, height, and birth weight. These are the most common nutrition outcome indicators in the literature and the most frequently monitored by national nutrition programs supported by the World Bank. Low weight for age (underweight) is also the indicator for one of the MDGs. Methodology and Scope Forty-six nutrition impact evaluations published since 2000 were systematically reviewed. These evaluations assessed the impact of diverse interven-tions community nutrition programs, conditional and unconditional cash transfers, early child devel-opment programs, food aid, integrated health and nutrition services, and de-worming. All of the evaluations used research designs that compared the outcomes among those affected by the project to the counterfactual that is, what would have happened to a similar group of people in the absence of the intervention. About half used randomized assignment to create treatment and control groups, while the remainder used matching and various econometric techniques to construct a counterfactual. Among the 46 evaluations, twelve assessed the im-pact of World Bank-supported programs on nutri-tion outcomes in eight countries. While the broader review relies on the analysis of the published impact evaluations as the main source of data, for these twelve evaluations project documents and research outputs were reviewed and World Bank staff, country officials and the evaluators and re-searchers who conducted the studies were interviewed. Findings A wide range of interventions had a positive impact on indicators related to height, weight, wasting, and low birth weight. There were a total of 10 different outcome indica-tors for the four main anthropometric outcomes. A little more than half of the evaluations addressing a height-related indicator found program impacts on at least one group of children, and this was true for about the same share of interventions aimed at improving weight-related and wasting (low weight for height)-related indicators. About three-quarters of the 11 evaluations of interventions that aimed at improving birth weight indicators registered an impact in at least one specification, including five out of seven micronutrient interven-tions. There was no clear pattern of impacts across interventions in every intervention group there were examples of programs that did and did not have an impact on a given indicator, and with varying magnitude. Evaluations of the nutritional impact of programs supported by the World Bank, which are generally large-scale, complex, and implemented in low-capacity settings, show equally variable results. Even controlling for the specific outcome indicator, studies often targeted children of different age groups that might be more or less susceptible to the interventions. It is thus difficult to point to inter-ventions that are systematically more effective than others in reducing malnutrition across diverse set-tings and age groups. Differences in local context, variation in the age of the children studied, the length of exposure to the intervention, and differing methodologies of the studies account for much of the variability in results. Context includes factors like the level and local determinants of malnutrition, differences in the characteristics of beneficiaries (including their age), the availability of service infrastructure, and the implementation capacity of government. Outside of a research setting in the context of a large government program there are many things that can go wrong in either service delivery or the demand response that can compromise impact. Beyond this, there are social factors like the status of women or the presence of civil unrest that can affect outcomes. These findings underscore the conclusion that it should not be assumed that an intervention found effective in a randomized controlled trial in a re-search setting will have the same effects when im-plemented under field conditions in a different set-ting. They also point to the need to understand the prevailing underlying causes of malnutrition in a given setting and the age groups most likely to benefit in selecting an intervention. Further, impact evaluations need to supplement data measuring impact with data on service delivery and demand-side behavioral outcomes to demonstrate the plausibility of the findings, to understand what part of a program works, and to address weak links in the results chain to improve performance. There is scant evidence on the distribution of nutrition impacts who is benefiting and who is not or on the cost-effectiveness of interventions Just because malnutrition is more common among the poor does not mean that they will disproportio-nately benefit from an intervention, particularly if acting on new knowledge or different incentives relies on access to education or quality services. Only a third of the 46 evaluations looked at the distribution of impacts by gender, mother s education, poverty status, or availability of complementary health services. Only nine assessed the impacts on nutritional outcomes of the poor compared with the non-poor. Among the evaluations that did examine variation in results, several found that the children of more educated mothers or in better-off communities are be-nefitting the most. Bank-supported cash transfers, community nutrition, and early child development programs in six of eight countries had some impact on child anthropometric outcomes. Of the 12 impact evaluations of Bank support, all but one were of large-scale government programs with multiple interventions and a long results chain. Three-quarters found a positive impact on anthro-pometric outcomes of children in at least one age group, although the magnitude was in some cases not large or applied to a narrow age group. Most of the impact evaluations involved assessment of completely new programs and involved World Bank researchers. Most used quasi-experimental evaluation designs and two-thirds assessed impact after at most 3 years of program implementation. Only half of the evaluations documented the distribution of impacts and only a third presented information on the costs of the intervention (falling short of cost-effectiveness analysis). In two of the countries (Colombia and the Philippines) the evaluations likely had an impact on government policy or programs. Lessons A number of lessons for development practi-tioners and evaluators arose from the review of impact evaluations of World Bank nutrition support. For task managers: Impact evaluations of interventions that are clearly beyond the means of the government to sustain are of limited relevance. The complexity, costs, and fiscal sustainability of the intervention should figure into the decision as to whether an impact evaluation is warranted. Impact evaluations are often launched for the purpose of evaluating completely new pro-grams, but they may be equally or even more useful in improving the effectiveness of ongo-ing programs. There are methods for obtaining reliable impact evaluation results when randomized assignment of interventions is not possible for political, ethical, or practical reasons. For evaluators: In light of the challenges of evaluating large-scale programs with a long results chain, it is well worth the effort to assess the risks to disruption of the impact evaluation ahead of time and identify mitigation measures. The design and analysis of nutrition impact evaluations need to take into account the likely sensitivity of children of different ages to the intervention. For the purposes of correctly gauging im-pact, it is important to know exactly when delivery of an intervention took place in the field (as opposed to the official start of the program). Evaluations need to be designed to provide evidence for timely decision-making, but with sufficient elapsed time for a plausible impact to have occurred. The relevance of impact evaluations for po-licymakers would be greatly enhanced if im-pact evaluations were to document both the

Download or read book Perspective of Recent Advances in Acute Diarrhea written by Sujit Bhattacharya and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-05-06 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acute diarrheal diseases (ADD) are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ADD includes, among others, cholera, shigellosis, and rotavirus diarrhea. These diseases are known to cause sporadic epidemics. Cholera and shigellosis are known to even cause pandemics. The treatments of these two diseases have been simplified with the advent of oral rehydration therapy and effective antibiotics. However, development of drug resistance poses tremendous therapeutic challenges. This book includes chapters on new methods of classification of dehydration and this information will provide a better classification method of dehydration. Epilepsy and its association with acute diarrhea is a new area for research. Prevention of acute diarrhea in school children and treatment with herbal medicines are important areas to pursue further. The readers will find herein new concepts in diarrheal disease research and management.

Download or read book Comparative Health Systems written by James A. Johnson and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of Comparative Health Systems: A Global Perspective offers new perspectives in health administration, public health, and public policy that address evidence-based approaches to health system improvement; systems thinking at the policy level; integrated information management; macro and micro innovation, and systems sustainability. Part I offers introduces foundational concepts including health and disease; and policy and economics. Two new chapters explore innovation and sustainability; and the role and contributions of non-governmental organizations. In Part II, the health systems of 19 countries are each examined in their own chapter, that carefully explores the country’s geography and culture, the history of its health system, followed by a detailed evaluation of cost, quality, access and innovation.