Download or read book The Aymara of South America written by James Eagen and published by Lerner Publications. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the history, culture, economy, geographic location, and religion of the Aymara people of South America's high plains, featuring their struggle to obtain equal rights and to maintain their cultural heritage.
Download or read book The Aymara written by W.J. Schull and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South America's Andean highlands have seen the rise and decline of several impressive, indigenous civilizations. Separated somewhat in time and place, each developed its distinctive socio-cultural accouterments but all shared a need to adjust to the individual, societal and environmental limitations imposed by life at high altitude. Partial oxygen pressure, temperature and humidity fall systematically as altitude rises, but there are other changes as well. Darwin, Forbes, von Humboldt, von Tschudi and other naturalists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who weaved their way through South America commented repeatedly on the tolerance or apparent indifference of the indigenes to the rigors of life at altitudes above 3000 meters but its impact upon lowlanders. Von Tschudi (1847), for example, observed 'in the cordillera the effect of the diminished atmospheric pressure on the human frame shows itself in intolerable symptoms of weariness and an extreme difficulty of breathing . . . . The first symptoms are usually felt at the elevation of 12,600 feet (3800 m) above the sea. These symptoms are vertigo, dimness of sight and hearing, pains in the head and nausea . . . . Inhabitants of the coast and Europeans, who for the first time visit the lofty regions of the cordillera, are usually attacked with this disorder. ' But von Tschudi's description of acute mountain sickness was hardly the first; his Spanish predecessors had known and commented upon it too.
Download or read book A Grammar of Muylaq Aymara written by Matt Coler and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In A Grammar of Muylaq’ Aymara, Matt Coler provides a detailed description of a highly-endangered variety of Aymara spoken in the remote Andean village of Muylaque (Muylaq’i), in Southern Peru. This heretofore undescribed variety has many unique characteristics that shed light on the impressive extent of variation in Aymara. Using natural language data gathered during several field trips to Muylaque, Coler offers a detailed analysis of the phonetics, phonology, morphology and syntax of Aymara. Additionally, A Grammar of Muylaq’ Aymara includes complete interlinear glosses for several personal narratives. A Grammar of Muylaq’ Aymara represents an important contribution not only to the study of Aymara, Aymara variation, and Andean languages, but also to research into linguistic typology and language contact.
Download or read book On the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru written by D. Forbes and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru written by David Forbes and published by . This book was released on 1870 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Bolivian Aymara written by Hans C. Buechler and published by Holt McDougal. This book was released on 1971 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acting Inca written by E. Gabrielle Kuenzli and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most of the postcolonial era, the Aymara Indians of highland Bolivia were a group without representation in national politics. Believing that their cause would finally be recognized, the Aymara fought alongside the victorious liberals during the Civil War of 1899. Despite Aymara loyalty, liberals quickly moved to marginalize them after the war. In her groundbreaking study, E. Gabrielle Kuenzli revisits the events of the civil war and its aftermath to dispel popular myths about the Aymara and reveal their forgotten role in the nation-building project of modern Bolivia. Kuenzli examines documents from the famous postwar Pe–as Trial to recover Aymara testimony during what essentially became a witch hunt. She reveals that the Aymara served as both dutiful plaintiffs allied with liberals and unwitting defendants charged with wartime atrocities and instigating a race war. To further combat their "Indian problem," Creole liberals developed a public discourse that positioned the Inca as the only Indians worthy of national inclusion. This was justified by the Incas' high civilization and reputation as noble conquerors, along with their current non-threatening nature. The "whitening" of Incans was a thinly veiled attempt to block the Aymara from politics, while also consolidating the power of the Liberal Party. Kuenzli posits that despite their repression, the Aymara did not stagnate as an idle, apolitical body after the civil war. She demonstrates how the Aymara appropriated the liberal's Indian discourse by creating theatrical productions that glorified Incan elements of the Aymara past. In this way, the Aymara were able to carve an acceptable space as "progressive Indians" in society. Kuenzli provides an extensive case study of an "Inca play" created in the Aymara town of Caracollo, which proved highly popular and helped to unify the Aymara. As her study shows, the Amyara engaged liberal Creoles in a variety of ways at the start of the twentieth century, shaping national discourse and identity in a tradition of activism that continues to this day.
Download or read book Aymara Weavings written by Laurie Adelson and published by Smithsonian Books (DC). This book was released on 1983 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catechizing Culture written by Andrew Orta and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-01 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly five centuries after the first wave of Catholic missionaries arrived in the New World to spread their Christian message, contemporary religious workers in the Bolivian highlands have begun to encourage Aymara Indians to return to traditional ritual practices. All but eradicated after hundreds of years of missionization, the "old ways" are now viewed as local cultural expressions of Christian values. In order to become more Christian, the Aymara must now become more Indian. This groundbreaking study of the contemporary encounter between Catholic missionaries and Aymara Indians is the first ethnography to focus both on the evangelizers and the evangelized. Andrew Orta explores the pastoral shift away from liberation theology that dominated Latin American missionization up until the mid-1980s to the recent "theology of inculturation," which upholds the beliefs and practices of a supposedly pristine Aymara culture as indigenous expressions of a more universal Christianity. Addressing essential questions in cultural anthropology, religious studies, postcolonial studies, and globalization studies, Catechizing Culture is a sophisticated documentation of the widespread shift from the politics of class to the politics of ethnicity and multiculturalism.
Download or read book Aymara Indian Perspectives on Development in the Andes written by Amy Eisenberg and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2013-08-30 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the relationship between indigenous people, the management of natural resources, and the development process in a modernizing region of Chile Aymara Indians are a geographically isolated, indigenous people living in the Andes Mountains near Chile’s Atacama Desert, one of the most arid regions of the world. As rapid economic growth in the area has begun to divert scarce water to hydroelectric and agricultural projects, the Aymara struggle to maintain their sustainable and traditional systems of water use, agriculture, and pastoralism. In Aymara Indian Perspectives on Development in the Andes, Amy Eisenberg provides a detailed exploration of the ethnoecological dimensions of the tension between the Aymara, whose economic, spiritual, and social life are inextricably tied to land and water, and three major challenges: the paving of Chile Highway 11, the diversion of the Altiplano waters of the Río Lauca for irrigation and power-generation, and Chilean national park policies regarding Aymara communities, their natural resources, and cultural properties within Parque Nacional Lauca, the International Biosphere Reserve. Pursuing collaborative research, Eisenberg performed ethnographic interviews with Aymara people in more than sixteen Andean villages, some at altitudes of 4,600 meters. Drawing upon botany, agriculture, natural history, physical and cultural geography, history, archaeology, and social and environmental impact assessment, she presents deep, multifaceted insights from the Aymara’s point of view. Illustrated with maps and dramatic photographs by John Amato, Aymara Indian Perspectives on Development in the Andes provides an account of indigenous perspectives and concerns related to economic development that will be invaluable to scholars and policy-makers in the fields of natural and cultural resource preservation in and beyond Chile.
Download or read book A History of Indigenous Latin America written by René Harder Horst and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of Indigenous Latin America is a comprehensive introduction to the people who first settled in Latin America, from before the arrival of the Europeans to the present. Indigenous history provides a singular perspective to political, social and economic changes that followed European settlement and the African slave trade in Latin America. Set broadly within a postcolonial theoretical framework and enhanced by anthropology, economics, sociology, and religion, this textbook includes military conflicts and nonviolent resistance, transculturation, labor, political organization, gender, and broad selective accommodation. Uniquely organized into periods of 50 years to facilitate classroom use, it allows students to ground important indigenous historical events and cultural changes within the timeframe of a typical university semester. Supported by images, textboxes, and linked documents in each chapter that aid learning and provide a new perspective that broadly enhances Latin American history and studies, it is the perfect introductory textbook for students.
Download or read book Indians of the Andes written by Harold Osborne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the history and ecology of the Aymaras and the Quechuas: the highland peoples of the Central Andes, who formed the nucleus of the great Inca Empire which extended for two thousand miles along the Pacific coast to the fringes of the tropical interior. In twenty millennia the Indians of the Andes had had no cultural contacts with the Old World yet they had already passed independently through stages of development usually associated with the Neolithic Age and had achieved a degree of technical and artistic excellence. In four centuries of contact there has of course been appreciable acculturation and osmosis. Originally published in 1952.
Download or read book The Aymara Indians of the Lake Titicaca Plateau Bolivia written by Weston La Barre and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru written by David Forbes and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Aymara of Chucuito Peru written by Harry Tschopik and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spirit Symbols and Change among the Aymara written by Inocente Salazar and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2021-04-07 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spirit, Symbols, and Change is more than a “how to” manual—it is a celebration of how to relate to people with a vastly different culture, language, and set of values. It is an adventure that takes the reader into an Andean world very different from our own. As a missionary among the Aymara of Peru, Salazar initially tried to convince them to become strongly committed Catholics. However, the Aymara did not show much promise of accepting his mission, nor had they changed their way of life for the last five hundred years. As the author tried to get beyond this impasse, he became friends with Marcelino, a blind shaman, and through him entered a totally unfamiliar world—the mind and the spiritual history of the Aymara. From these insights, the author developed an understanding of their values and assisted them in making the needed changes that broke their isolation and exclusion from mainstream society in Peru.
Download or read book Logical and Linguistic Problems of Social Communication with the Aymara People written by Iván Guzmán de Rojas and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
