Download or read book The Auger Effect and Other Radiationless Transitions written by E. H. S. Burhop and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1952, this book discusses the contemporary state of research into the Auger Effect and the internal conversion of gamma radiation. Burhop also addresses internal pair production and radiationless transitions in molecular spectra, and photographic images of Auger electrons in action.

Download or read book The Auger Effect and Other Radiationless Transitions written by Eric Henry Stoneley Burhop and published by . This book was released on 1980-01-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atomic Inner Shell Processes written by Bernd Crasemann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionization and Transition Probabilities is the first volume in Atomic Inner Shell Processes which describes the relative status of the physics of atomic inner shells. Both volumes can be applied and used in various traditional scientific disciplines. Volume I consists of 11 chapters written by different authors, each an expert in the field. The book discusses mainly the inner-shell excitation by electrons, heavy-charged particles, and photons and the atomic excitation as seen in nuclear decay. The theory of radiative and radiationless transitions is also explored in terms of single-particle descriptions and many-body approaches. Other major concepts covered in this comprehensive volume include the developments in theory of multiple decay processes; transition energies and their calculations; and energy shifts that are results of chemical environment and hyperfine interactions. This first volume serves as a valuable reference to many scientists and researchers in various fields like atomic and nuclear physics, astrophysics, chemistry, surface and materials science, and engineering or radiation shields.

Download or read book Auger Electron Spectroscopy written by Donald T. Hawkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auger electron spectroscopy is rapidly developing into the single most powerful analytical technique in basic and applied science.for investigating the chemical and structural properties of solids. Its ex plosive growth beginning in 1967 was triggered by the development of Auger analyzers capable of de tecting one atom layer of material in a fraction of a second. Continued growth was guaranteed firstly by the commercial availability of apparatus which combined the capabilities of scanning electron mi croscopy and ion-mill depth profiling with Auger analysis, and secondly by the increasing need to know the atomistics of many processes in fundamental research and engineering applications. The expanding use of Auger analysis was accompanied by an increase in the number of publications dealing with it. Because of the developing nature of Auger spectroscopy, the articles have appeared in many different sources covering diverse disciplines, so that it is extremely difficult to discover just what has or has not been subjected to Auger analysis. In this situation, a comprehensive bibliography is obviou-sly useful to those both inside and outside the field. For those in the field, this bibliography should be a wonderful time saver for locating certain references, in researching a particular topic, or when considering various aspects of instrumentation or data analysis. This bibliography not only provides the most complete listing of references pertinent to surface Auger analysis available today, but it is also a basis for extrapolating from past trends to future expectations.

Download or read book Excited States written by Edward C. Lim and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excited States, Volume I reviews radiationless transitions, phosphorescence microwave double resonance through optical spectra in molecular solids, dipole moments in excited states, luminescence of polar molecules, and the problem of interstate interaction in aromatic carbonyl compounds. The book discusses the molecular electronic radiationless transitions; the double resonance techniques and the relaxation mechanisms involving the lowest triplet state of aromatic compounds; as well as the optical spectra and relaxation in molecular solids. The text also describes dipole moments and polarizabilities of molecules in excited electronic states; the luminescence characteristics of polar aromatic molecules; and the interstate interaction in aromatic aldehydes and ketones. Chemists and physical chemists will find the book invaluable.

Download or read book Scanning Auger Electron Microscopy written by Martin Prutton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eagerly-awaited volume has been edited by two academic researchers with extensive and reputable experience in this field. Emphasis is given to the underlying science of the method of Auger microscopy, and its instrumental realization, the visualization and interpretation of the data in the sets of the images that form the output of the measurements and the methods used to quantify the images. Imaging artefacts in Auger microscopy and methods to correct them are also detailed. The authors describe the technique of Multi-Spectral Auger Microscopy (MULSAM) and demonstrate its advantages in mapping complex multi-component surfaces. The book concludes with an outlook for the future of Auger microscopy.

Download or read book Pt Platinum written by Esther Belin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the isotopes, atoms, atomic ions, molecules, and clusters of the six platinum group elements Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt. It starts with a compilation of the properties of the isotopes, followed by the description of the formation and separation of the radioactive isotopes. The chapters on the atoms and atomic ions deal with the configuration of the outer-shell electrons, manifested by optical terms and spectra, ionization energy, and electron affinity, as weil as with the energy levels of the inner-shell electrons, manifested by X-ray spectra and Auger electron spectra. The last section gives information on the formation and the physical properties of the plati num group molecules and clusters. Most of the contributions are written by extern al experts (for details, see the back of the titte page). One of the authors (Prof. Y. Cauchois) thanks Dr. M. Othmane for his constant and efficient cooperation in the treatment of the drafts and the checking of the proofs. Frankfurt am Main, January 1989 Dieter Koschel XI Table 0' Contents Page 1 Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt Isotopes 1.1 Introductory Remarks . . . . .

Download or read book Photoelectron and Auger Spectroscopy written by Thomas Carlson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1970 when I first seriously contemplated writing a book on electron spectroscopy, I recognized the impossibility of completely reaching my desired goals. First, the field was expanding (and still is) at such a rate that a definitive statement of the subject is not possible. The act of following the literature comprehensively and summarizing its essential content proved to be a diver gent series. On the other hand, the field has increased to such a size that violent changes in its basic makeup no longer occur with the frequency that was present in its early days. Furthermore, the excitement of electron spectro scopy lies in its many-faceted interrelationships. In the era of specialization, electron spectroscopy is an open-ended subject continually bringing together new aspects of science. I wished to discuss not just one type of electron spectro scopy, but as many as would be possible. The book as it stands concentrates its attention on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, but also presents the basis of Auger electron spectroscopy and uv photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as mentioning many of the other branches of the field. A large, many-author volume might be an answer to some of these problems. However, though anyone person possesses only a limited amount of expertise, I have always enjoyed books by a single author since what they lack in detailed knowledge they gain in a unified viewpoint. I hope the final product, though limited in its attainment of these goals, will still be of some merit.

Download or read book Characterization of Solid Surfaces written by Philip F. Kane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until comparatively recently, trace analysis techniques were in general directed toward the determination of impurities in bulk materials. Methods were developed for very high relative sensitivity, and the values determined were average values. Sampling procedures were devised which eliminated the so-called sampling error. However, in the last decade or so, a number of developments have shown that, for many purposes, the distribution of defects within a material can confer important new properties on the material. Perhaps the most striking example of this is given by semiconductors; a whole new industry has emerged in barely twenty years based entirely on the controlled distribu tion of defects within what a few years before would have been regarded as a pure, homogeneous crystal. Other examples exist in biochemistry, metallurgy, polyiners and, of course, catalysis. In addition to this of the importance of distribution, there has also been a recognition growing awareness that physical defects are as important as chemical defects. (We are, of course, using the word defect to imply some dis continuity in the material, and not in any derogatory sense. ) This broadening of the field of interest led the Materials Advisory Board( I} to recommend a new definition for the discipline, "Materials Character ization," to encompass this wider concept of the determination of the structure and composition of materials. In characterizing a material, perhaps the most important special area of interest is the surface.

Download or read book Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics written by Henry Semat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to Atomic and Nuclear Physics Aerial view of the National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois. (Photograph courtesy of NAL.) Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics HENRY SEMAT Professor Emeritus The City College of the City University of New York JOHN R. ALBRIGHT The Florida State University FIFTH EDITION LONDON NEW YORK CHAPMAN AN D HALL First edition 1939 Fifth edition, first published in the U.S.A. by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Fifth edition first published in Great Britain 1973 by Chapman and Hall Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Reprinted as a paperback 1978 Reprinted 1979, 1983, 1985 © 1939, 1946, 1954, 1962 by Henry Semat © 1972 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Fletcher & Son Ltd, Norwich ISBN-13: 978-0-412-15670-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9701-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9701-8 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.

Download or read book Accelerators written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1980-11-27 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerators

Download or read book Wave Mechanics written by Wolfgang (Physiker) Pauli and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2000-09-18 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on wave functions of force-free particles, description of a particle in a box and in free space, particle in a field of force, multiple particles, eigenvalue problems, more.

Download or read book Fundamental Processes in Energetic Atomic Collisions written by H.O. Lutz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the impact of new experimental techniques (e.g., nuclear physics methods, availability of high-intensity light sources) as well as an increasing demand for atomic collision data in other fields of physics (e.g., plasma physics, astrophysics, laser physics, surface physics, etc.) have stimulated a renewed, strong interest in atomic collision research. Due to the explosive development of the various fields, scientists often even have dif ficulty in keeping up with their own area of research; as a result, the overlap between different fields tends to remain rather limited. Instead of having access to the full knowledge accumulated in other fields, one uses only the small fraction which at the moment seems to be of immediate importance to one's own area of interest. Clearly, many fruitful and stimulating ideas are lost in this way, causing progress to be made much more slowly than it could be. Atomic col lision physics is no exception to this rule. Although it is of basic interest to many other areas, it is mostly regarded merely as a (nonetheless important) tool by which to gain additional information.

Download or read book Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1980-11-28 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics

Download or read book Atomic Inner Shell Physics written by Bernd Crasemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physics of atomic inner shells has undergone significant advances in recent years. Fast computers and new experimental tools, notably syn chrotron-radiation sources and heavy-ion accelerators, have greatly enhan ced the scope of problems that are accessible. The level of research activity is growing substantially; added incentives are provided by the importance of inner-shell processes in such diverse areas as plasma studies, astrophysics, laser technology, biology, medicine, and materials science. The main reason for all this exciting activity in atomic inner-shell physics, to be sure, lies in the significance of the fundamental problems that are coming within grasp. The large energies of many inner-shell processes cause relativistic and quantum-electrodynamic effects to become strong. Unique opportunities exist for delicate tests of such phenomena as the screening of the electron self-energy and the limits of validity of the present form of the frequency-dependent Breit interaction, to name but two. The many-body problem, which pervades virtually all of physics, presents somewhat less intractable aspects in the atomic inner-shell regime: correlations are relatively weak so that they can be treated perturbatively, and the basic potential is simple and known! The dynamics of inner-shell processes are characterized by exceedingly short lifetimes and high transition rates that strain perturbation theory to its limits and obliterate the traditional separation of excitation and deexcitation. These factors are only now being explored, as are interference phenomena between the various channels.

Download or read book Radiation Research written by Oddvar F. Nygaard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 1404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation Research: Biomedical, Chemical and Physical Perspectives documents the proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Radiation Research held in Seattle, Washington, 14-20 July 1974. While the focus of the Congress was on fundamental research, there were several well-attended sessions on the practical aspects of radiation research as it relates to radiotherapy, central station power generation by both nuclear fission and fusion, and the environment. This volume contains 126 papers organized into 31 parts. Beginning with a keynote address and a lecture on the time scale in radiobiology, the subsequent contributions cover a wide range of topics presented over several sessions. Topics discussed during these sessions include energy needs, nuclear power, and the environment; prospects for fusion power; technological applications of radiation; human radiobiology; hazards of radiation exposure relative to other environmental agents; the basic physics of the interactions of radiation with matter; particle penetration phenomena; and radiation effects in frozen media.

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing written by Horst Czichos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-22 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing presents the principles of Metrology – the science of measurement – and the methods and techniques of Testing – determining the characteristics of a given product – as they apply to chemical and microstructural analysis, and to the measurement and testing of materials properties and performance, including modelling and simulation. The principal motivation for this Handbook stems from the increasing demands of technology for measurement results that can be used globally. Measurements within a local laboratory or manufacturing facility must be able to be reproduced accurately anywhere in the world. The book integrates knowledge from basic sciences and engineering disciplines, compiled by experts from internationally known metrology and testing institutions, and academe, as well as from industry, and conformity-assessment and accreditation bodies. The Commission of the European Union has expressed this as there is no science without measurements, no quality without testing, and no global markets without standards.