Download or read book The Association of Tall Eyewall Convection with Tropical Cyclone Intensification written by Owen A. Kelley and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The association of tall eyewall convection with tropical cyclone intensification.
Download or read book Investigation of Potential Mechanisms for the Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones written by Zaide Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-08-22 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launched jointly in 1997 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a satellite mission that placed a unique suite of instruments, including the first precipitation radar, in space. These instruments are used to monitor and predict tropical cyclone tracks and intensity, estimate rainfall, and monitor climate variability (precipitation and sea surface temperature). TRMM has been collecting data for seven years; this data is used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, the National Center for Environmental Prediction, and the National Hurricane Center, among others worldwide. In July 2004, NASA announced that it would terminate TRMM in August 2004. At the request of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the White House, and the science community, NASA agreed to continue TRMM operations through the end of 2004. Meanwhile, NASA asked a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide advice on the benefits of keeping TRMM in operation beyond 2004. After holding a workshop with a number of experts in the field, the committee found that TRMM will contribute significantly to operations and science if the mission is extended; and therefore, strongly recommends continued operation of TRMM with the caveat that cost and risk will need to be further examined before a final decision about the future of TRMM can be made.
Download or read book Analyzing Tropical Cyclone Structures During Secondary Eyewall Formation Using Aircraft In situ Observations written by Katharine Wunsch and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the evolution of mature tropical cyclones (TCs), intensity and structural changes canoccur due to a process called an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC). Secondary eyewall formation(SEF) is the initial phase of an ERC, in which a ring of convection forms outside of the preexistingprimary eyewall of the TC. The dynamical mechanisms for SEF remain unclear, but mosthypotheses rely on the early presence of persistent and widespread rainband convection outside ofthe primary eyewall. The evolving rainband convection has both axisymmetric and asymmetricstructures that play a role in SEF processes. This project uses aircraft reconnaissance observationsfrom the FLIGHT+ dataset to examine the evolution of these structures. We create compositesfrom this dataset which includes USAF C-130 and NOAA P-3 aircraft observations of Atlanticbasin TCs from 1999-2015. The axisymmetric structures of TCs undergoing SEF are firstcompared to intensifying TCs that did not experience an ERC. Tangential wind and angularmomentum profiles show a broadening of the outer wind field prior to SEF, whilethermodynamic observations indicate features consistent with strengthening eyewall convection.Next, the ERC TCs are analyzed in quadrants relative to the deep-layer environmental wind shearto examine the evolution of asymmetric kinematic and thermodynamic structures. We utilize anew normalization technique based on the radii of both eyewalls to isolate structures thatsurround the secondary eyewall before and during SEF. We found that the kinematic structures ofthe developing secondary eyewall were most prominent in the storm half left of the wind shearvector. The thermodynamic structures of the secondary eyewall became more axisymmetric overtime during SEF, but those of the primary eyewall became more asymmetric as it began toweaken prior to being fully replaced. Analyzing observations from Hurricane Earl as a case studyillustrates variations in convective coverage that are captured in the composite study.Understanding the structures observed by aircraft reconnaissance and their relation tomechanisms that lead to SEF will improve our ability to predict the resultant changes in TC intensity and structure.
Download or read book Impacts of Asymmetric Dynamics on Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Replacement Cycles written by Tsz Kin Lai and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In mature tropical cyclones (TCs), secondary eyewall formation (SEF) is a frequently observed feature associated with the formation of an outer (secondary) eyewall outside the existing (primary) eyewall. The two eyewalls are separated by a moat region of convective minimum and vorticity minimum. An SEF is often followed by an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) during which the contracting outer eyewall gradually intensifies while the inner eyewall dissipates. Throughout this period, significant changes in the size and the intensity of the TC usually occur. Therefore, a better understanding of ERC is desired for better TC forecasts. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying inner eyewall decay (IED) and outer eyewall intensification (OEI) are not well-understood. It is widely accepted that the cutoff effect associated with the OE makes the main contribution to the IED. However, radar imagery of some double-eyewall TCs showed that the TC vortices became elliptic prior to and during the IED. This kind of elliptic development could result from the dynamic (barotropic) instability across the moat, which is a region of sign reverse of vorticity gradient and satisfies the Rayleigh necessary condition for barotropic instability. Hence, the instability across the moat (known as the type-2 instability) may also make contributions to IED. As the first part of the thesis (Chapter 2), a study of the simulated Hurricane Wilma (2005) is conducted by using a three-dimensional (3D) cloud-resolving full-physics numerical model. It is found that the timing of the onset of the type-2 instability is coincident with the start of the rapid decrease of the low-level IE circulation, indicating that the circulation of the IE is likely weakened by the vorticity mixing associated with the type-2 instability. In the second part of the thesis (Chapter 3), two 3D numerical experiments are performed to further explore the underlying dynamics. The detailed budget analyses of azimuthally averaged absolute angular momentum (AAM) in the moist full-physics experiment clearly show that the eddy radial flux of vorticity associated with the type-2 instability makes significant contributions to the decrease in AAM of the IE and the increase in AAM of the OE. It is also found that the type-2 instability can work with the cutoff effect to accelerate the IED process. Similar patterns of the AAM budget analyses are also obtained from the dry experiment in which all physics parameterisation schemes are switched off. It is thus suggested that the type-2 instability is a fundamental process responsible for the IED and OEI in these two experiments. In the third part of the thesis (Chapter 4), unforced shallow water (SW) experiments further reveal that the intensity changes in the eyewalls through the eddy radial flux of vorticity are intrinsic nonlinear features of the type-2 instability. In addition, a detailed analysis of the most unstable eigenmode of a double-eyewall TC-like vortex shows evidence of substantial divergence of angular momentum flux over the IE and significant convergence of angular momentum flux over the OE. This further demonstrates that the origin of the intensity changes of the eyewalls is the angular momentum transport from the IE to the OE by the eddy processes associated with the type-2 instability. The last part of the thesis (Chapter 5) discusses the long-term effect of the type-2 instability on the eyewall intensity changes during ERCs. A series of forced and unforced SW experiments, which are initialised with different parameters of the vortex and convective heating, show repeated cycles of decay-intensification after the type-2 instability has been excited for a longer time. It is found that the oscillation results from the periodic elongation and contraction of the vortices associated with the long-term nonlinear evolution of the type-2 instability. These results suggest that predicting the eyewall intensity changes during ERCs may be a challenge"--
Download or read book Convective Instability Changes and Tropical Cyclone Intensification written by Seol Eun Shin and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Orographic Modification of Precipitation Processes in a Tropical Cyclone Moving Over a Continental Mountain Range written by Jennifer C. DeHart and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airborne radar reflectivity data and numerical simulations are examined to determine how tropical cyclone precipitation processes are impacted by landfall over a continental mountain range. Analysis of the high-resolution radar data collected within Hurricane Karl (2010) during the Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) shows that radar reflectivity enhancement in regions of upslope flow is constrained to low-levels. Reflectivity enhancement is not uniform and discrete regions of enhanced precipitation are embedded within a broad echo. In conjunction with an upstream dropsonde that exhibits weak instability, the radar data suggest a mix of gentle ascent and shallow convection occur. Regions of downslope flow are characterized by precipitation originating further aloft with little modification near low levels. Satellite data further indicate that deep convection develops after the high clouds dissipate, indicating that the evolving thermodynamic environment favors orographic modification processes beyond collection of orographically-generated cloud water. Numerical simulations examine how modification processes controlling precipitation are affected by the height of an idealized plateau. When terrain is minimal, the tropical cyclone decays slowly, the upper-level warm core remains robust, the moist neutral environment persists, and precipitation processes are largely concentrated within the eyewall and rainband. Movement over a tall topographic barrier induces rapid decay, which erodes the warm core and moist neutral environment. A mix of forced ascent and buoyant motions contribute to enhanced warm rain processes over the terrain. Overall, all microphysical quantities are greater for the tall plateau storm, but concentrations within the innermost core decay rapidly along with the storm. It is shown that the simulated tropical cyclone precipitation is heavily influenced by overestimated graupel production, which is a common problem of microphysical schemes. Surface precipitation is comparable between the two experiments, suggesting that strong decay of the storm affects the upper limit of precipitation. Similar precipitation patterns between the observations and tall plateau simulation suggest that the model obtains realistic precipitation through incorrect microphysical processes, but a lack of microphysical observations prevent full assessment of that hypothesis. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that decay due to landfall over complex terrain affects the inner core thermodynamic and kinematic environment, which in turn affects the type and organization of precipitation processes that occur.
Download or read book The GOES R Series written by Steven J. Goodman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-10-05 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GOES-R Series: A New Generation of Geostationary Environmental Satellites introduces the reader to the most significant advance in weather technology in a generation. The world’s new constellation of geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) are in the midst of a drastic revolution with their greatly improved capabilities that provide orders of magnitude improvements in spatial, temporal and spectral resolution. Never before have routine observations been possible over such a wide area. Imagine satellite images over the full disk every 10 or 15 minutes and monitoring of severe storms, cyclones, fires and volcanic eruptions on the scale of minutes. Introduces the GOES-R Series, with chapters on each of its new products Provides an overview of how to read new satellite images Includes full-color images and online animations that demonstrate the power of this new technology
Download or read book The Role of Convective Available Potential Energy CAPE in Tropical Cyclone Intensification written by Marguerite Lee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Storm and Cloud Dynamics written by William R. Cotton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Storm and Cloud Dynamics focuses on the dynamics of clouds and of precipitating mesoscale meteorological systems. Clouds and precipitating mesoscale systems represent some of the most important and scientifically exciting weather systems in the world. These are the systems that produce torrential rains, severe winds including downburst and tornadoes, hail, thunder and lightning, and major snow storms. Forecasting such storms represents a major challenge since they are too small to be adequately resolved by conventional observing networks and numerical prediction models. Provides a complete treatment of clouds integrating the analysis of air motions with cloud structure, microphysics, and precipitation mechanics Describes and explains the basic types of clouds and cloud systems that occur in the atmosphere-fog, stratus, stratocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, cirrus, thunderstorms, tornadoes, waterspouts, orographically induced clouds, mesoscale convection complexes, hurricanes, fronts, and extratropical cyclones Summarizes the fundamentals, both observational and theoretical, of atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics, cloud microphysics, and radar meteorology, allowing each type of cloud to be examined in depth Integrates the latest field observations, numerical model simulations, and theory Supplies a theoretical treatment suitable for the advanced undergraduate or graduate level, as well as post-graduate
Download or read book Cloud Systems Hurricanes and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM written by Wei-Kuo Tao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a tribute to a pioneer in tropical meteorology research, Dr. Joanne Simpson. It is a recollection of some of the high points of her career, from her fifty years of investigating hurricanes and clouds to her management of the crutial and highly successful TRMM project (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission), a joint mission between the NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
Download or read book Storms Violent Winds and Earth s Atmosphere written by John P. Rafferty Associate Editor, Earth Sciences and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2010-08-15 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an introduction to storms, discussing the role of the Earth's atmosphere in the formation of storms and describing the different types of storms, including windstorms, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones.
Download or read book Hurricanes written by Roger A. Pielke, Sr. and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Losses to hurricanes in the 1990s total more than those incurred in the 1970s and 1980s combined, even after adjusting for inflation. This has led many to mistakenly conclude that severe hurricanes are becoming more frequent. In fact, according to recent research, the past few decades have seen a decrease in the frequency of severe storms and 1991 to 1994 was the quietest in at least 50 years. It does mean, however, that the world today is more vulnerable to hurricane impacts than it has ever been, which represents a serious policy problem. This book defines and assesses the hurricane problem, focusing primarily on the United States, in order to lay a foundation for action. The concept of vulnerability is used to integrate the societal and physical aspects of hurricane impacts. The book is unique in that it seeks to address both the scientific and societal aspects of hurricanes. While it focuses on the United States, it is intended to illustrate weather related impacts assessment that could be applied in other areas, and for phenomena other than hurricanes. More broadly, this book seeks to illustrate the beneficial uses (as well as limitations) of hurricane science to society. Explicit consideration of the relationship between science and society is much needed in an era when scientific research is under public and political pressure to demonstrate a better connection with societal needs.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Environmental Change written by John A Matthews and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessibly written by a team of international authors, the Encyclopedia of Environmental Change provides a gateway to the complex facts, concepts, techniques, methodology and philosophy of environmental change. This three-volume set illustrates and examines topics within this dynamic and rapidly changing interdisciplinary field. The encyclopedia includes all of the following aspects of environmental change: Diverse evidence of environmental change, including climate change and changes on land and in the oceans Underlying natural and anthropogenic causes and mechanisms Wide-ranging local, regional and global impacts from the polar regions to the tropics Responses of geo-ecosystems and human-environmental systems in the face of past, present and future environmental change Approaches, methodologies and techniques used for reconstructing, dating, monitoring, modelling, projecting and predicting change Social, economic and political dimensions of environmental issues, environmental conservation and management and environmental policy Over 4,000 entries explore the following key themes and more: Conservation Demographic change Environmental management Environmental policy Environmental security Food security Glaciation Green Revolution Human impact on environment Industrialization Landuse change Military impacts on environment Mining and mining impacts Nuclear energy Pollution Renewable resources Solar energy Sustainability Tourism Trade Water resources Water security Wildlife conservation The comprehensive coverage of terminology includes layers of entries ranging from one-line definitions to short essays, making this an invaluable companion for any student of physical geography, environmental geography or environmental sciences.
Download or read book The Forgiving Air written by Richard Somerville and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Forgiving Air is a refreshingly readable account of our efforts to understand Earth's global environment and our impact in it.
