Download or read book The Application of a Novel Three dimensional Dosimetry System to the Acquisition of Commissioning Data of Small Photon Fields written by Corey Gray Clift and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy written by Ben Mijnheer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a first comprehensive summary of the basic principles, instrumentation, methods, and clinical applications of three-dimensional dosimetry in modern radiation therapy treatment. The presentation reflects the major growth in the field as a result of the widespread use of more sophisticated radiotherapy approaches such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy, which require new 3D dosimetric techniques to determine very accurately the dose distribution. It is intended as an essential guide for those involved in the design and implementation of new treatment technology and its application in advanced radiation therapy, and will enable these readers to select the most suitable equipment and methods for their application. Chapters include numerical data, examples, and case studies.
Download or read book A Novel Equivalent Squares Formalism for Use in Small Field Dosimetry written by Aleem Qureshi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With advancements in Linear Accelerators and other therapeutic radiation delivery systems, the use of highly modulated treatments (IMRT and VMAT) has become more common. Consequently, the use of high dose, hypo-fractionated treatments (Stereotactic Radio Surgery a.k.a SRS) for small lesions is also becoming increasingly common. Due to the hypo-fractionated and high dose nature of SRS the accuracy of small field dose calculation is of utmost importance. Additionally, the optimization of Intensity Modulated Radio Therapy (IMRT) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans can result in the use of small fields. Accurate calculation of dose in small fields is dependent upon the certainty and precision of small field dose measurement, and subsequently the accurate determination of machine output based upon these measurements. Each of the three Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) (Phillps' Pinnacle3, Varian's Eclipse, and Raysearch's Raystation), available at the University of Toledo, make use of Output Factors (OF) to characterize machine output as well as to simplify the commissioning process. Each TPS makes use of Equivalent Square Fields (ESF) to minimize the number of fields for which percent depth dose curves, and inline & crossline profiles that must be measured. The use of ESFs allows the TPSs to interpolate and/or extrapolate output factors for fields which were not measured, thus simplifying the commissioning process. First, the traditional formalism for ESF must be evaluated for use in small fields. This is accomplished by measuring a series of small fields ranging from 0.6x0.6cm2 to 3.0x3.02 with three different types of detectors designed for use in small field dosimetry (Sun Nuclear Edge Diode, Standard Imaging Exradin A26, and the Standard Imaging Exradin W1 Plastic Scintillator) at 6MV and 6FFF photon beam energies along Central Axis (CAX) at 100cm Source to Surface Distance (SSD) and 10cm depth in a large water phantom. Next the dose calculation of each of the three TPSs was evaluated by comparison to measurements made with the Standard Imaging W1 Plastic Scintillator horizontally oriented. The same fields, varying from 0.6x0.6cm2 to 3.0x3.02, were calculated in each of the three TPSs with a 1mm3 dose grid, along CAX at 100cm SSD and 10cm depth in a simulated large water phantom. Finally, data acquired using the Standard Imaging W1 Plastic Scintillator was used to inform a novel formalism for Equivalent Squares which more accurately describes the output of the Varian Edge at 6MV and 6FFF. First the actual equivalent square was determined by assigning each unique output factor to a unique field size by determining a best fit equation from the output factors of the square fields. Both an experimental fit and a correction factor approach were used to determine the equivalent square field equation (function of X and Y jaw dimension) based on the newly determined equivalent square field sizes. It was determined that the traditional formalism for equivalent squares is inaccurate in the calculation of small equivalent square fields, with errors as high as 9% at 6MV and 8.4% at 6FFF. The Standard Imaging W1 Plastic Scintillator was found to be the most consistent and accurate dosimeter in the evaluation of equivalent square fields. Additionally, it was shown that the Pinnacle3 TPS was the most accurate in the calculation of small field dose because of its limitation to interpolation between commissioned output factors. While the experimental fit used to determine the new equation for equivalent square fields was more accurate, the more practical formalism for equivalent squares involves the use of correction factors. It was also determined that a machine specific, and quality specific correction factor should be used in the calculation of equivalent square fields.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry written by Pedro Andreo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-17 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, comprehensively updated edition of the acclaimed textbook by F.H. Attix (Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry) taking into account the substantial developments in dosimetry since its first edition. This monograph covers charged and uncharged particle interactions at a level consistent with the advanced use of the Monte Carlo method in dosimetry; radiation quantities, macroscopic behaviour and the characterization of radiation fields and beams are covered in detail. A number of chapters include addenda presenting derivations and discussions that offer new insight into established dosimetric principles and concepts. The theoretical aspects of dosimetry are given in the comprehensive chapter on cavity theory, followed by the description of primary measurement standards, ionization chambers, chemical dosimeters and solid state detectors. Chapters on applications include reference dosimetry for standard and small fields in radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures, dosimetry of unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources, and neutron beam dosimetry. The topics are presented in a logical, easy-to-follow sequence and the text is supplemented by numerous illustrative diagrams, tables and appendices. For senior undergraduate- or graduate-level students and professionals.
Download or read book Small Field MV Photon Dosimetry written by Maria M. Aspradakis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large amount of information in this title is presented in twelve chapters. The physics of small fields is explained and the potential error in delivering small fields is discussed. The challenges in absolute, reference and relative dosimetry are addressed in detail as well as the difficulties in making small field measurements. The potential errors in dose models is presented with a discussion on the necessary elements in fluence and dose calculation methods that are needed to model small collimator settings in order to achieve acceptable computational accuracy. Attention is drawn to relevant aspects of quality assurance for the treatment machine and collimating jaws. The characteristics of commercially available detectors for small field applications are summarised. The majority of the report presents established or newly proposed methodologies on the determination of dosimetric parameters (profiles, depth functions and output factors) for single narrow collimated fields. Recommendations of good working practice to be consulted and used alongside the clinical experience, scientific judgement and existing expertise are provided. The report suggests future directions and future work required to reduce uncertainty in the determination of dose in small MV photon fields.
Download or read book Development of a Three dimensional Radiation Dosimetry System written by Mamdouh A. Bero and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Shot 3D Sensing Close to Physical Limits and Information Limits written by Florian Willomitzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis discusses the physical and information theoretical limits of optical 3D metrology, and, based on these principal considerations, introduces a novel single-shot 3D video camera that works close to these limits. There are serious obstacles for a “perfect” 3D-camera: The author explains that it is impossible to achieve a data density better than one third of the available video pixels. Available single-shot 3D cameras yet display much lower data density, because there is one more obstacle: The object surface must be “encoded” in a non-ambiguous way, commonly by projecting sophisticated patterns. However, encoding devours space-bandwidth and reduces the output data density. The dissertation explains how this profound dilemma of 3D metrology can be solved, exploiting just two synchronized video cameras and a static projection pattern. The introduced single-shot 3D video camera, designed for macroscopic live scenes, displays an unprecedented quality and density of the 3D point cloud. The lateral resolution and depth precision are limited only by physics. Like a hologram, each movie-frame encompasses the full 3D information about the object surface and the observation perspective can be varied while watching the 3D movie.
Download or read book Review of Medical Dosimetry written by William Amestoy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study guide will be a reliable support and easy-to-use source of information for students in the fields of dosimetry, physics, radiation oncology, and therapy as they progress through the educational levels in preparation for board examinations. The theoretical and practical knowledge gained by students on previous courses or in clinical settings is reinforced by means of almost 1200 questions and accompanying detailed analytical answers. In order to cater for the needs of all students, the questions are arranged according to three levels of difficulty. The level 1 questions are mainly intended for those hoping to pass the Medical Dosimetrist Certification Board (MDCB) exam but will also be beneficial for Medical Physics candidates taking written exams and for Radiation Oncology residents. The level II questions are in general clinically related and will be relevant for any student, while the level III questions are advanced and are especially suitable for American Board of Radiology candidates or those taking equivalent exams elsewhere in the world. The study guide is broken down into different subject areas, with provision of multiple questions and answers on each subject. In addition, the mathematical and physics questions include brief explanations of how the student can solve each problem. At the end of the guide, three practice tests are included with the same number of questions as are found in the MDCB exam. These tests will help students to test their knowledge and improve their test-taking speed.
Download or read book Sources Fields Measurements and Applications written by Frank H. Attix and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation Dosimetry, Second Edition, VOLUME III: Sources, Fields, Measurements, and Applications covers the significant aspects of radiation dosimetry. The book discusses dosimetry relating to x rays and teleisotope gamma rays, discrete and distributed alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ray sources, electron beams, and heavy charged particle beams. The text also describes dosimetry relating to reactors, neutron and mixed n-gamma fields, neutrons from accelerators and radioactive sources, initial and residual ionizing radiation from nuclear weapons, natural and man-made background radiation, radiation in space, ultra-high energy radiation, and uncommon types of particles. Dosimetry relating to health physics, diobiology, radiotherapy, implant and intracavitary therapy, ""transition-zones"" (especially at bone-tissue interfaces), and radiation processing is also considered. Physicists, biophysicists, and people involved in radiological science will find the book invaluable.
Download or read book Radiation Dosimetry Instrumentation and Methods written by Gad Shani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-28 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation dosimetry has made great progress in the last decade, mainly because radiation therapy is much more widely used. Since the first edition, many new developments have been made in the basic methods for dosimetry, i.e. ionization chambers, TLD, chemical dosimeters, and photographic films. Radiation Dosimetry: Instrumentation and Methods, Second Edition brings to the reader these latest developments. Written at a high level for medical physicists, engineers, and advanced dosimetrists, it concentrates only on evolvement during the last decade, relying on the first edition to provide the basics.
Download or read book Recent Advancements and Applications in Dosimetry written by Maria F. Chan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features: Provides unique dosimetry for high intensity MR-guided ultrasound treatment, gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, thermal imaging in Bbrachytherapy, MR-guided radiotherapy, proton beam treatment, and high-definition end-to-end patient-specific dose verification. Offers clinical applications for all varieties of modern radiation detectors, and evolving dosimetry techniques including innovative calorimetry, TLD, Oone-scan film dosimetry, transmission detectors, real-time EPID dosimetry, best feasible DVH planning, 3D printing, 5D planning and delivery, as well as machine learning Summary This book provides a comprehensive collection of the newly emerging treatment modalities, covering high intensity ultrasound treatment, photodynamic therapy, MR-guided treatment machines, nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy, and proton beam therapy. The invited expert authors cover a wide range of the latest advancements and developments in dosimetry techniques as well asnd their clinical implications, including calorimetry, radiochromic film, transmission detectors, real-time portal dosimetry, TLD, thermal imaging dosimetry, 3D dosimetry, best feasible DVH planning, 5D planning and delivery, 3D printing, as well as machine learning in medical dosimetry. This book will bring the reader up-to-date with the state of the art in radiation dosimetry and best clinical practices using such advanced detectors.
Download or read book Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry written by Paul R. Martin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microdosimetric Response of Physical and Biological Systems to Low and High LET Radiations written by Yigal Horowitz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-06-07 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the aims of this book was to focus the attention of specialists to the diversity of the effects of the ionising radiation on biological and physical systems. Special emphasis has been placed on the exquisite complexities/differences introduced by high ionisation density versus low ionisation density irradiation in both biological and physical systems (Scholz – Chapter 1, Horowitz – Chapter 2, Olko – Chapter 3). As well we wanted to point out the need for novel experimental and theoretical approaches required to advance the important fields of micro and nanodosimetry. Important first steps have already been taken, for example, the accelerated application of semiconductor detectors in their various forms to microdosimetry and as well to practical, important applications in the radiation dosimetry of oncological procedures (Rosenfeld – Chapter 6). The vast number of applications of TLD to radiation dosimetry are not neglected; a special chapter is devoted to the application of TLDs to medical dosimetry applications (Mobit and Kron – Chapter 7) as well as a tutorial approach in an additional chapter to the cavity theories required to extrapolate dose from the detector medium to the tissue medium (Mobit and Sandison - Chapter 5). One of the major features of this book is the intensive, in depth, coverage of the theory and modelling of TL both from the solid state physics point of view (Chen – Chapter 4) and the microdosimetic point of view (Horowitz – Chapter 2 and Olko – Chapter 3). The many puzzling, quaint, quizzical features of TL science can now be understood in the framework of these advanced theoretical models, explained in straightforward, understandable terms.· Quantifies/unifies the effects of ionising radiation in both the biological and physical systems· Authoritative treatment of applications of semiconductor detectors and thermoluminescence dosemeters in medica l radiation dosimetry· Basic and advanced aspects of microdosimetry applied to both biological and physical systems· In-depth review of the effects of the density of ionising radiation in tsl and osl · Concise and elegant treatment of cavity theory in medical oncological dosimetry· Comprehensive review of this important interdisciplinary field including hundreds of ilustrations and references
Download or read book Operational Thermoluminescence Dosimetry written by Claudio Furetta and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive description of a dosimetric technique called thermoluminescence dosimetry. There are hundreds of scientific papers on thermoluminescence and its applications, but none deal with the "handling" of the technique, except for some official documents regarding procedural tests which are now not easily found. For this reason the authors have written this book with the aim of describing in detail how to use this dosimetric method. This volume is a valuable guide not only on the proper handling of the TL dozemeters but also on the results obtained by their use. The book consists of nine chapters. The first three chapters cover the theory of thermoluminescence and the experimental methods used to evaluate the kinetics parameters. The next three chapters describe the practical aspects of setting up a thermoluminescent dosimetric system, specifically suggesting the procedures to be used in handling the TL dosimeters as well as all the related instrumentation. The algorithm correlating the TL emission to the radiation dosage is provided and explained. The precision and accuracy of the TL measurements are also discussed. The last three chapters are devoted to: (i) the practical procedure used in some specific application fields, (ii) a discussion about the lower limit of detection and (iii) the TL instrumentation. Several practical illustrative examples are given throughout the text. The book is intended for students and researchers learning new techniques and those working in the area of radiation dosimetry with a specific interest in the TL technique.
Download or read book The Dosimetry of Small Megavoltage Photon Fields written by Tracy Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Radiation Transport Methods to Small Field Dosimetry in Heterogeneous Media written by Timothy David Solberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation Dosimetry written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
