Download or read book The Analysis of Synchronized Oscillators by Use of Phase locked loops written by Leon W. Couch and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synchronization behavior for an electronic oscillator is examined by the use of a first-order phase-lock-loop (PLL) model for the oscillator. A Hilbert transform relationship is obtained which relates a known beat waveform (between the oscillator and a locking-signal) to the other possible beat waveforms (as described by Huntoon and Weiss and others). The equivalence between an oscillator and a PLL is established in terms of equivalent locking characteristics. Using this PLL model, beat waveforms are obtained for some specified locking signals. The locking phenomenon between two oscillators is also examined by the use of a PLL model for each oscillator. Finally, the locking characteristics for an oscillator which is frequencly-modulated by a feedback signal is studied, and it is shown that the lock-in width may be increased over that for the oscillator without feedback, or, alternately, the lock-in width may be reduced to zero. This is accomplished with relative ease by adjustment of the feedback parameters. All of the results of this report are verified experimentally as well as theoretically. (Author).
Download or read book Phase Locked Loops for Wireless Communications written by Donald R. Stephens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications: Digitial, Analog and Optical Implementations, Second Edition presents a complete tutorial of phase-locked loops from analog implementations to digital and optical designs. The text establishes a thorough foundation of continuous-time analysis techniques and maintains a consistent notation as discrete-time and non-uniform sampling are presented. New to this edition is a complete treatment of charge pumps and the complementary sequential phase detector. Another important change is the increased use of MATLAB®, implemented to provide more familiar graphics and reader-derived phase-locked loop simulation. Frequency synthesizers and digital divider analysis/techniques have been added to this second edition. Perhaps most distinctive is the chapter on optical phase-locked loops that begins with sections discussing components such as lasers and photodetectors and finishing with homodyne and heterodyne loops. Starting with a historical overview, presenting analog, digital, and optical PLLs, discussing phase noise analysis, and including circuits/algorithms for data synchronization, this volume contains new techniques being used in this field. Highlights of the Second Edition: Development of phase-locked loops from analog to digital and optical, with consistent notation throughout; Expanded coverage of the loop filters used to design second and third order PLLs; Design examples on delay-locked loops used to synchronize circuits on CPUs and ASICS; New material on digital dividers that dominate a frequency synthesizer's noise floor. Techniques to analytically estimate the phase noise of a divider; Presentation of optical phase-locked loops with primers on the optical components and fundamentals of optical mixing; Section on automatic frequency control to provide frequency-locking of the lasers instead of phase-locking; Presentation of charge pumps, counters, and delay-locked loops. The Second Edition includes the essential topics needed by wireless, optics, and the traditional phase-locked loop specialists to design circuits and software algorithms. All of the material has been updated throughout the book.
Download or read book Equations of Phase Locked Loops written by Jacek Kudrewicz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) are electronic systems that can be used as a synchronized oscillator, a driver or multiplier of frequency, a modulator or demodulator and as an amplifier of phase modulated signals. This book updates the methods used in the analysis of PLLs by drawing on the results obtained in the last 40 years. Many are published for the first time in book form. Nonlinear and deterministic mathematical models of continuous-time and discrete-time PLLs are considered and their basic properties are given in the form of theorems with rigorous proofs. The book exhibits very beautiful dynamics, and shows various physical phenomena observed in synchronized oscillators described by complete (not averaged) equations of PLLs. Specially selected mathematical tools are used OCo the theory of differential equations on a torus, the phase-plane portraits on a cyclinder, a perturbation theory (Melnikov''s theorem on heteroclinic trajectories), integral manifolds, iterations of one-dimensional maps of a circle and two-dimensional maps of a cylinder. Using these tools, the properties of PLLs, in particular the regions of synchronization are described. Emphasis is on bifurcations of various types of periodic and chaotic oscillations. Strange attractors in the dynamics of PLLs are considered, such as those discovered by RAssler, Henon, Lorenz, May, Chua and others."
Download or read book Phase locked Loops Their Application written by William C. Lindsey and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monolithic Phase Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits written by Behzad Razavi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-18 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring an extensive 40 page tutorial introduction, this carefully compiled anthology of 65 of the most important papers on phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits brings you comprehensive coverage of the field-all in one self-contained volume. You'll gain an understanding of the analysis, design, simulation, and implementation of phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits in CMOS and bipolar technologies along with valuable insights into the issues and trade-offs associated with phase locked systems for high speed, low power, and low noise.
Download or read book Coupled Phase locked Loops Stability Synchronization Chaos And Communication With Chaos written by Valery V Matrosov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern technological, biological, and socioeconomic systems are extremely complex. The study of such systems largely relies on the concepts of competition and cooperation (synchronization). The main approaches to the study of nonlinear dynamics of complex systems are now associated with models of collective dynamics of networks and ensembles, formed by interacting dynamical elements.Unfortunately, the applicability of analytical and qualitative methods of nonlinear dynamics to such complex systems is severely restricted due to the high dimension of phase space. Therefore, studying the simplest models of networks, which are ensembles with a small number of elements, becomes of particular interest. Such models allow to make use of the entire spectrum of analytical, qualitative, and numerical methods of nonlinear dynamics. This book is devoted to the investigation of a kind of such systems, namely small ensembles of coupled, phase-controlled oscillators. Both traditional issues, like synchronization, that are relevant for applications in radio-communications, radio-location, energy, etc., and nontraditional issues of excitation of chaotic oscillations and their possible application in advanced communication systems are addressed.
Download or read book Phase Locked Loops written by Shambhu N. Sharma and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historic account of the Phase-Locked Loops can be traced back from the idea of designing an electromechanical system with the objective of controlling the oscillation of the pendulum of the bell Great George. The method is to contrast the phase of pendulum and the incoming telegraph signal phase using the electromechanical system. That generates the correction signal varying the pendulum oscillation. The idea was conceived as well as implemented by David Robertson, Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Bristol. The term Phase-Locked Loop was coined to this technique by later Researchers in 1932. Professor David Robertson is credited to the Phase-Locked Loop for pioneering the technique. In general setting, the Phase-Locked Loops are for synchronization purposes. The phase locked loops perspective hinges on the analysis, functions and applications.
Download or read book Phaselock Tecniques second Edition written by Floyd M. Gardner and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1979-05-10 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Phaselock Techniques is -- as was the first -- the standard reference on the subject. Greatly expanded and largely rewritten to reflect a better understanding of the subject, the book presents much new material, some published here for the first time. Explanation of fundamentals is improved and expanded, and description of applications is greatly increased. The first portion of the book is a well-organized review of the fundamentals of phaselock, as well as a discussion of the underlying problems faced by designers. Most of this mateiral has been rewritten from the first edition. The material that follows deals with practical aspects of component circuits and with rational procedures for deciding upon phaselock loop parameters. The remaining chapters provide engineering descriptions and analyses of applications of phaselock. Most of this material is unique.Included are discussions of phaselocked modulators and demodulators, sythesizers, receivers, transponders, oscillator stabilizers, and data synchronizers.
Download or read book Analysis and Design of Phase Locked Loops with Insight Into Wavelet Analysis written by Aakriti Barat and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An injection locked oscillator is a presented using wavelet analysis to evaluate the role of PLLs in RF transceivers. The goal is to evaluate injection locking and achieve full control over frequency and phase of the output signal, and achieve 100% throughput of the transceiver. This is done by injecting a periodic signal in the oscillator. Specifically, when the frequency of the periodic signal and that of the oscillator are close to each other, the periodic signal can be used to synchronize the oscillator frequency. In this work, we pursue an understanding of the injection locked oscillator's performance using wavelet analysis. Using TopSpice an injection locked oscillator is designed. The oscillator's frequency stability time resolution in frequency are explored, followed by denoising. Also, circuit simulations are performed using TopSpice and MATLAB toolboxes. It is shown that low and high frequency component of ~ 500 Hz and ~2000 Hz are present. Also, the signal transitions from a low to high frequency component at t ~ 0.01 seconds, and this transition is confirmed using analysis based on the Morlet Wavelet transform. Wavelets are also used again to denoise the signal and verify that key frequencies in the signal are retained during the denoising process.
Download or read book Phase locked Loops written by William C. Lindsey and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 1986 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.
Download or read book Analysis of the Synchronization of an Automatic Phase Control System written by Theodore Siegfried Baker and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report approximation techniques are developed that predict the ranges of system parameters for which a phase-locked loop synchronizes to a sinusoidal input of constant frequency. These analytic methods are also presented as step-by-step procedures that might be useful for solving other problems of nonlinear oscillations. The differential equation is derived for the phase-locked loop with sinusoidal phase comparator. Synchronization is defined and examined for several phase-locked loops with different filters. Other factors which determine the performance of phase-locked loops are discussed. These include the pull-in time, the noise bandwidth, and the stability of synchronized loops. Finally, experimental model phase-locked loops are compared with the idealized loop. Typical values of components and measured values of performances are presented.
Download or read book Phase locked Loops written by Shambhu N. Sharma and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2020 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The historic account of the Phase-Locked Loops can be traced back from the idea of designing an electromechanical system with the objective of controlling the oscillation of the pendulum of the bell Great George. The method is to contrast the phase of pendulum and the incoming telegraph signal phase using the electromechanical system. That generates the correction signal varying the pendulum oscillation. The idea was conceived as well as implemented by David Robertson, Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Bristol. The term Phase-Locked Loop was coined to this technique by later Researchers in 1932. Professor David Robertson is credited to the Phase-Locked Loop for pioneering the technique. In general setting, the Phase-Locked Loops are for synchronization purposes. The phase locked loops perspective hinges on the analysis, functions and applications"--
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Injection Locked Synchronous Oscillators SOs and Reference Injected Phase locked Loops PLL RIs written by Feiran Lei and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchronization plays an important and fundamental role as the timing basis in digital, analog, and RF integrated circuits (ICs), where Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) find their versatile applications. The noise sources in a traditional PLL are mainly divided into two groups: noise before the low-pass loop filter such as the noise in the reference signal, Frequency Divider (FD), Phase Frequency Detector/Charge Pump (PFD/CP); and noise after the filter such as the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) noise and the loop filter noise. The output phase noise of the PLL is the combined contribution from these two equally important in-band and out-band noise sources. This research studies the effect of the synchronization in the PLL on the decoupling of the 3dB bandwidths for different noise sources to achieve an optimum phase noise and improved locking behavior with an attenuated reference signal injection (RI) into a ring-type delay-line Voltage Controlled Synchronous Oscillator (VCSO). This dissertation begins with the development of a generalized phase model for both LC-type and ring-type VCSOs. Next, the relationship between the device baseband noise (flicker and thermal noise) and a ring-type oscillator's phase noise is derived. In addition, noise shaping functions are introduced to describe signal injection into the VCSO to achieve suppression of the oscillator in-band phase noise. Then, the transient and steady-state behavior of a Charge-Pump PLL-RI are explained with nonlinear differential equations and the phase-plane method. The nonlinear phase equation is linearized for the small-signal condition and the s-domain noise transfer functions as well as noise bandwidths are derived for different noise sources in the major components of the PLL-RI. The effect of the loop parameters and the injection strength on the output phase noise, loop settling time, and lock in range is analyzed. The analysis is verified by the SPICE simulation and experimental results from a Charge-Pump PLL-RI using a 1GHz VCSO in GlobalFoundries 130nm standard CMOS technology. The designed VCSO occupies a core area of 0.005 mm$^2$, and operates from 0.5GHz to 1.7GHz. The PLL-RI, for first-harmonic locking applications, has a core area of 0.02 mm$^2$ and consumes 2.6mW power. When a 30dB attenuation is applied, phase noise at 1MHz and 10MHz offset are reduced from -118.8dBc/Hz (PLL) to -121.9dBc/Hz (PLL-RI), and -102.3dBc/Hz (PLL) to -128.3dBc/Hz (PLL-RI), respectively, with an integrated RMS jitter from 10KHz to 30MHz of 1.55ps. Finally, another application of the PLL-RI as an integer-N frequency synthesizer is studied and tested. The PLL-RI based frequency synthesizer with the ring-type VCSO achieves comparable noise performance with LC type PLLs, but uses a much smaller chip area and features lower power consumption. To summarize, this dissertation has throughly evaluated an oscillator and a PLL under small signal injection. Compared with the traditional PLL, the all-CMOS PLL-RI offers faster settling time, wider lock in range, and ability to decouple 3dB bandwidths for different noise sources to achieve an optimum noise performance. The applications of PLL-RIs can be extended to analog, digital, and RF systems for different timing schemes.
Download or read book Synchronization in Digital Communication Systems written by Fuyun Ling and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide helps readers to learn how to develop and implement synchronization functions in digital communication systems.
Download or read book Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock written by William F. Egan and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2000 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A through discussion of frequency synthesizers, including design and effects on systems Working engineers who design, specify, use, or test frequency synthesizers need to develop an intimate understanding of how these devices operate and their effects on the systems in which they are embedded. Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, offers complete coverage that includes both normal control system design and effects that occur due to sampling when bandwidths are pushed. While the discussion emphasizes phase-locked synthesizers, direct and digital synthesizers are covered as well. In addition to the usual discussion of second-order loops, this book describes characteristics of an important class of third-order loops and state-space analysis of loops of arbitrary order. It uses Matlab scripts (available for downloading via ftp) to produce computer-aided analyses, including complex nonlinear simulations of loops in the acquisition process; and it includes a significant volume of material on phase noise, its effects in synthesizer loops, and its impact on systems employing synthesizers. An important reference of rare power and clarity, Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, features: * Three new chapters covering architectures, sampling effects, and computer-aided engineering (CAE) * Multicurve graphs of transient and modulation responses for second-and third-order loops * Graphs of phase noise from 28 oscillators and 19 frequency dividers; noise theory and curves for IC oscillators * Charge-pump phase-frequency detectors extensively covered * Fractional-N, including DSP for improved spectrums * Multiple loops, including offset references
Download or read book A Lock on Probability Analysis for the Initial Synchronization of Phase locked Loops written by Robert J. McLaughlin and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a general method for the calculation of the lock-on time as a function of the initial phase (angular) error and initial frequency (angular velocity) error, in the absence of noise, with particular reference to the specially-important phase-locked-loop characterized by a nonlinear differential equation. As a result of the presence of saddle-points in the phasespace of the differential equations of phase-locked loops, it is shown that for any value of the initial frequency error, the lock-on time will be indefinitely large for a value of the initial phase error sufficiently close to a saddle-point separatrix, and that the lock-on time varies as the negative logarithm of the distance of the initial point from the separatrix when this distance is sufficiently small. An explicit formula is given for the equation for the phase-lockedloop. (Author).
