Download or read book The Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Urban Airborne Particulate Samples written by Julie-Anne Carroll Marr and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Analysis of Nitro Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhaust and Urban Airborne Particulate Samples microform written by Paul Anthony D'Agostino and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Airborne Particulate Matter written by Fathi Zereini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-16 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most up-to-date research and information regarding the origin, chemistry, fate and health impacts of airborne particulate matter in urban areas, a topic which has received a great deal of attention in recent years due to documented relationships between exposure and health effects such as asthma. With internationally recognised researchers and academics presenting their work and key concepts and approaches from a variety of disciplines, including environmental and analytical chemistry, biology, toxicology, mineralogy and the geosciences, this book addresses the topic of urban airborne particulate matter in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary manner. Topics and research addressed in the book range from common methodological approaches used to sample and analyse the composition of airborne particulates to our knowledge regarding their potential to impact human health and the various policy approaches taken internationally to regulate particulate matter levels.
Download or read book Hydrocarbon Pollution and its Effect on the Environment written by Muharrem Ince and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers hydrocarbon pollution, measurement techniques for hydrocarbons, risk assessment, and environmental impact. This comprehensive book takes a broad view of the subject and integrates a wide variety of approaches. This book attempts to address the needs of graduate and postgraduate students and other professionals or readers interested in food, soil, water, and air pollution. The aim of this book is to explain and clarify important studies, and compare and develop the new and groundbreaking measurement techniques. Written by leading experts in their respective areas, the book is highly recommended to professionals interested in environmental and human health because it provides specific and comprehensive examples.
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Download or read book Recent Advances for Polycyclic Aromatic Analysis in Airborne Particulate Matter written by Hugo Albeiro Saldarriaga Noreña and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed in natural processes during combustion of biomass (e.g., forest fires) and by anthropogenic activities at high temperatures. In according with the suggestion the major sources of PAHs in the environment. The main sources of PAHs come basically from heat and power generation (e.g., coal, gas, wood, and oil), industrial processes (e.g., coke production), refuse burning and vehicle emissions. Human exposure to airborne PAHs can result from these processes, as well as from emissions from other sources, such as cooking, smoking, and materials containing PAHs (e.g., petroleum products and fuels). The potential serious health effects resulting from acute and chronic human exposure to PAHs are of concern. For this reason, the identification and quantification of PAHs in airborne particles have been a real challenge, given the multiple impacts that these substances represent for human health. In the last decade, multiple technological developments have been implemented, ranging from sampling systems, extraction and analysis of these compounds with the aim of obtaining more accurate and reliable results. This chapter was prepared to describe and to assess the state of the art about the evolution and application of sampling, extraction and analysis methodologies for the determination of PAHs in airborne particles.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Kazuichi Hayakawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.
Download or read book The Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Urban Air Particulate written by Sarah Anne Askey and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Major Mutagenic Substances in Airborne Particulate Matter written by Jung-Hen Lwo and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A modified fractionation scheme involving acid-base partitioning and silica gel column chromatography has been used as the first step in the bioassay-directed search for significant levels of mutagenic compounds in extracts of inhalable (IP10) ambient air particulates. The biologically "hot" fractions were separated and analyzed chemically or subfractionated to isolate and concentrate "hot" subfractions which were then chemically analyzed by GC/MS FTIR, and HPLC equipped with UV, Fluorescence and Photodiode Array UV detectors. The Ames assay of mutagenicity has involved the unactivated TA98 strain of Salmonella and enzyme-activated (TA98+S9) assays. In addition, some assays have been performed in this present study using TA98NR (TA98-nitroreductase deficient) and TA98DNP (TA98-dinitropyrene reductase deficient). In essence, we are using mutagenicity as our chromatographic detector to pinpoint the most active fractions and compounds which are responsible for carcinogenicity in the air, and then monitor them as well as assess their reactivity. The comparison of winter and summer samples indicate that the profiles are similar in these two periods. However, levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are significantly greater in winter as compared to summer. In addition, nitro-PAHs are found at levels approximately an order of magnitude lower than the PAHs.
Download or read book Bitumens and Bitumen Emissions and Some N and S heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of bitumens and their emissions, the N-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benz[a]acridine, benz[c]acridine, dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine, dibenz[c,h]acridine, carbazole and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, as well as the S-hetrocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene and dibenzothiophene. Bitumens are produced by distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining, and also occur naturally. Bitumens can be divided into six broad classes, according to their physical properties and specifications required for different applications. The major use (about 80%) of bitumens is for road paving; other uses include roofing, waterproofing, sealing and painting. The term "bitumen" should not be confused with "asphalt", which refers to the mixture of bitumen (4-10% by weight), small stones, sand and filler used for road paving. Bitumens are complex mixtures that contain a large number of organic chemical compounds. Application of bitumens may generate emissions (fumes and vapours) that may contain, among volatile and non-volatile compounds, a number of known or probable carcinogens. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of various occupations that entail exposure to bitumens and bitumen emissions, including road paving, roofing, and application of mastic asphalt, and to various heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Bjorseth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concerns sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), their emission factors, and relative importance. It deals with exposure, uptake, metabolism, and detection of PAH in the human body. The volume contains an update of information in environmental and biochemical studies of PAH.
Download or read book Analysis of Complex Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Mixtures Found in Particulate Matter Air Samples from the San Diego Tijuana Border Region Using GCxGC TOFMS written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambient air pollution, and more specifically particulate matter (PM), is a major concern for public health, causing 5% of all cardiopulmonary deaths worldwide. Research has demonstrated that the chemical composition of particulate matter plays a role in its toxicity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which have known carcinogenic and toxic effects, and their oxygenated derivatives, are among the organic species found in particulate matter. Meteorological factors as well as sources of emission affect the chemical composition. This leads to variability in the composition of particulate matter by geographic region and by season. The cities of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico and San Diego, California, USA are a part of the vast border region that deals with many environmental and public health concerns, one of which is air pollution. This study sought to investigate particulate matter in the region and obtain an initial fingerprint of the organic content. Specifically, the objectives of this study were to identify and characterize PAHs and related chemical contaminants using nontargeted analysis and select compounds for targeted and semi-targeted analysis, as well as identify interesting compounds for future study. Between July 2013 and February 2014, thirteen PM2.5 high-volume air samples were collected in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico using a Tisch TE-6001 PM10 High-Vol Air Sampler. Samples were extracted with acetone and hexane in a MARS Xpress microwave system and eluted through silica gel columns with solvents of increasing polarity. Twodimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOFMS) was used to characterize PAHs and related compounds in the organic content of particulate matter samples from four sampling locations in Tijuana. A non-targeted approach was utilized to identify PAHs and other compounds of interest from two initial samples. Based on these results, targeted and semi-targeted methods were employed to quantify specific compounds in eleven samples. Average total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.658 ng/m3 (coastal site) to 6.44 ng/m3 (inland site). Winter total PAH levels detected at inland sampling sites were greater than winter concentrations observed in Southern California. In addition, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and chrysene were detected at higher levels than those observed in many Southern California cities. Total oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (OPAH) concentrations averaged 0.326 ng/m3 at the coastal site and 0.938 ng/m3 at the site the furthest inland. The most prevalent OPAHs were 9,10-anthracenedione, naphthalic anhydride and 6H-benz[de]anthracen-6-one. A number of compounds not previously detected in PM were identified and quantified, including 6H-benz[de]anthracen-6-one, 4,4'- dichlorodiphenylsulfone, and podocarpa-8,11,13-trien-19-oic acid methyl ester. Further analysis is required in order to confirm trends between sites and compare levels in different seasons.
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Download or read book Provisional Guidance for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples written by Harold Egan and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas and Particulate Sampling of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The denuder surfaces of the gas and particle (GAP) sampler (developed at the Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada) have been modified by coating with XAD-4 resin, using techniques developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for the lower capacity integrated organic vapor/particle sampler (IOVPS). The resulting high capacity integrated organic gas and particle sampler (IOGAPS) has been operated in ambient air at 16.7 L min−1 for a 24-hour period in Berkeley, California, USA. Simultaneous measurements were made at the same collection rate with a conventional sampler that used a filter followed by two sorbent beds. Gas and particle partition measurements were determined for 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ranging from 2-ring to 6-ring species. The IOGAPS indicated a higher particle fraction of these compounds than did the conventional sampler, suggesting that the conventional sampler suffered from 'blow-off' losses from the particles collected on the filter.
