Download or read book The American Indian and the End of the Confederacy 1863 1866 written by Annie Heloise Abel and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late in April 1861, President Lincoln ordered Federal troops to evacuate forts in Indian Territory. That left the Five Civilized Tribes?Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles?essentially under Confederate jurisdiction and control. The American Indian and the End of the Confederacy, 1863?1866, spans the closing years of the Civil War, when Southern fortunes were waning, and the immediate postwar period. ø Annie Heloise Abel shows the extreme vulnerability of the Indians caught between two warring sides. "The failure of the United States government to afford to the southern Indians the protection solemnly guaranteed by treaty stipulations had been the great cause of their entering into an alliance with The Confederacy, "she writes. Her classic book, originally published in 1925 as the third volume of The Slaveholding Indians, makes clear how the Indians became the victims of uprootedness and privation, pillaging, government mismanagement, and, finally, a deceptive treaty for reconstruction.

Download or read book The American Indian in the Civil War 1862 1865 written by Annie Heloise Abel and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annie Heloise Abel describes the 1862 Battle of Pea Ridge, a bloody disaster for the Confederates but a glorious moment for Colonel Stand Watie and his Cherokee Mounted Rifles. The Indians were soon enough swept by the war into a vortex of confusion and chaos. Abel makes clear that their participation in the conflict brought only devastation to Indian Territory. Born in England and educated in Kansas, Annie Heloise Abel (1873?1947) was a historical editor and writer of books dealing mainly with the trans-Mississippi West. They include The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist (1915), also reprinted as a Bison Book. Abel's distinguished career is noted in an introduction by Theda Perdue, the author of Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society (1979), and Michael D. Green, whose Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis (1982) was published by the University of Nebraska Press.

Download or read book The American Indians in the Civil War written by Annie Heloise Abel and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Indian in the Civil War is one of the first historical accounts dealing with the participations of Native American in the American Civil War. Native Americans took active participation in the conflict. 28,693 Native Americans served during the war, mostly in the Confederate military. They participated in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. Contents The Battle of Pea Ridge, or Elkhorn and Its More Immediate Effects Lane's Brigade and the Inception of the Indian The Indian Refugees in Southern Kansas The Organization of the First Indian Expedition The March to Tahlequah and the Retrograde Movement of the "White Auxiliary" General Pike in Controversy With General Hindman Organization of the Arkansas and Red River Superintendency The Retirement of General Pike The Removal of the Refugees to the Sac and Fox Agency Negotiations With Union Indians Indian Territory in 1863, January to June Inclusive Indian Territory in 1863, July to December Inclusive Aspects, Chiefly Military, 1864-1865

Download or read book The Civil War and Reconstruction in Indian Territory written by Bradley R. Clampitt and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Indian Territory the Civil War is a story best told through shades of gray rather than black and white or heroes and villains. Since neutrality appeared virtually impossible, the vast majority of territory residents chose a side, doing so for myriad reasons and not necessarily out of affection for either the Union or the Confederacy. Indigenous residents found themselves fighting to protect their unusual dual status as communities distinct from the American citizenry yet legal wards of the federal government. The Civil War and Reconstruction in Indian Territory is a nuanced and authoritative examination of the layers of conflicts both on and off the Civil War battlefield. It examines the military front and the home front; the experiences of the Five Nations and those of the agency tribes in the western portion of the territory; the severe conflicts between Native Americans and the federal government and between Indian nations and their former slaves during and beyond the Reconstruction years; and the concept of memory as viewed through the lenses of Native American oral traditions and the modern evolution of public history. These carefully crafted essays by leading scholars such as Amanda Cobb-Greetham, Clarissa Confer, Richard B. McCaslin, Linda W. Reese, and F. Todd Smith will help teachers and students better understand the Civil War, Native American history, and Oklahoma history.

Download or read book The Slaveholding Indians Vol 1 3 written by Annie Heloise Abel and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Slaveholding Indians is a three volume series dealing with the slaveholding Indians as secessionists, as participants in the Civil War, and as victims under reconstruction. The series deals with a phase of American Civil War history which has heretofore been almost entirely neglected or, where dealt with, either misunderstood or misinterpreted. Contents The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist General Situation in the Indian Country, 1830-1860 Indian Territory in Its Relations With Texas and Arkansas The Confederacy in Negotiation With the Indian Tribes The Indian Nations in Alliance With the Confederacy The American Indian as Participant in the Civil War The Battle of Pea Ridge, or Elkhorn and Its More Immediate Effects Lane's Brigade and the Inception of the Indian The Indian Refugees in Southern Kansas The Organization of the First Indian Expedition The March to Tahlequah and the Retrograde Movement of the "White Auxiliary" General Pike in Controversy With General Hindman Organization of the Arkansas and Red River Superintendency The Retirement of General Pike The Removal of the Refugees to the Sac and Fox Agency Negotiations With Union Indians Indian Territory in 1863, January to June Inclusive Indian Territory in 1863, July to December Inclusive Aspects, Chiefly Military, 1864-1865 The American Indian Under Reconstruction Overtures of Peace and Reconciliation The Return of the Refugees Cattle-driving in the Indian Country The Muster Out of the Indian Home Guards The Surrender of the Secessionist Indians The Peace Council at Fort Smith, September, 1865 The Harlan Bill The Freedmen of Indian Territory The Earlier of the Reconstruction Treaties of 1866 Negotiations With the Cherokees

Download or read book Choctaw Confederates written by Fay A. Yarbrough and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the Choctaw Nation was forcibly resettled in Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma in the 1830s, it was joined by enslaved Black people—the tribe had owned enslaved Blacks since the 1720s. By the eve of the Civil War, 14 percent of the Choctaw Nation consisted of enslaved Blacks. Avid supporters of the Confederate States of America, the Nation passed a measure requiring all whites living in its territory to swear allegiance to the Confederacy and deemed any criticism of it or its army treasonous and punishable by death. Choctaws also raised an infantry force and a cavalry to fight alongside Confederate forces. In Choctaw Confederates, Fay A. Yarbrough reveals that, while sovereignty and states' rights mattered to Choctaw leaders, the survival of slavery also determined the Nation's support of the Confederacy. Mining service records for approximately 3,000 members of the First Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles, Yarbrough examines the experiences of Choctaw soldiers and notes that although their enthusiasm waned as the war persisted, military service allowed them to embrace traditional masculine roles that were disappearing in a changing political and economic landscape. By drawing parallels between the Choctaw Nation and the Confederate states, Yarbrough looks beyond the traditional binary of the Union and Confederacy and reconsiders the historical relationship between Native populations and slavery.

Download or read book Slavery in the Cherokee Nation written by Patrick Neal Minges and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-06 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the dynamic issues of race and religion within the Cherokee Nation, this text looks at the role of secret societies in shaping these forces during the 19th century.

Download or read book Chardon s Journal at Fort Clark 1834 1839 written by Francis A. Chardon and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty years after Meriwether Lewis and William Clark passed through the Mandan villages in present-day North Dakota, the Upper Missouri River region was being plied by fur traders. In 1834 Francis A. Chardon, a Philadelphian of French extraction, took charge of Fort Clark, a main post of the American Fur Company on the Upper Missouri. The journal that Chardon began that year offers a rare glimpse of daily life among the Mandan Indians, including the Arikaras, Yanktons, and Gros Ventres. In particular, it is a valuable and graphic record of the smallpox scourge that nearly destroyed the Mandans in 1837. Chardon describes much of historical interest, including such figures as the interpreter Charbonneau, Sacajawea's husband, and the fantastic James Dickson, "Liberator of all the Indians." By the time his account ends in 1839, the fur trade is already in decline. Chardon's journal was long lost, rediscovered, and finally edited and published in 1932 by Annie Heloise Abel, a distinguished scholar whose works, all available as Bison Books, included The American Indian As Slaveholder and Secessionist; The American Indian in the Civil War, 1862-1865; and The American Indian and the End of the Confederacy, 1863-1866. Her historical introduction provides background on the fur trade and on Chardon's life before and after his tenure at Fort Clark. William R. Swagerty is a history professor at the University of Idaho.

Download or read book The Little Regiment written by Stephen Crane and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist written by Annie Heloise Abel and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Army and Reconstruction 1865 1877 written by United States Army and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within two months of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House on 9 April 1865, the Confederacy had collapsed, and its armed forces had ceased to exist. In the spring of 1865, the U.S. Army faced the unprecedented task of occupying eleven conquered Southern states and administering "Reconstruction"-the process by which the former rebellious states would be restored to the Union. But a rapid demobilization of the Army placed the remaining occupation troops at a disadvantage almost from the start.This brochure traces the Army's law enforcement, stability, and peacekeeping roles in the South from May 1865 to the end of Reconstruction in 1877, marking a unique period in American history. During that time, the Southern states remained under military occupation, and for several years, they were also ruled by military government. Veteran Army commanders such as Philip H. Sheridan, John M. Schofield, Daniel E. Sickles, Edward R. S. Canby, and Winfield S. Hancock may have found the work of Reconstruction less dangerous than fighting the Civil War had been, but they also found it no less challenging.

Download or read book The Civil War and the Subversion of American Indian Sovereignty written by Joseph Connole and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:  The U.S. government’s Indian Policy evolved during the 19th century, culminating in the expulsion of the American Indians from their ancestral homelands. Much has been written about Andrew Jackson and the removal of the Five Nations from the American Southeast to present-day Oklahoma. Yet little attention has been paid to the policies of the Lincoln administration and their consequences. The Civil War was catastrophic for the natives of the Indian Territory. More battles were waged in the Indian Territory than in any other theater of the war, and the Five Nations’ betrayal by the U.S. government ultimately lead to the destruction of their homes, their sovereignty and their identity.

Download or read book Transnational Indians in the North American West written by Clarissa Confer and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-07 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of eleven original essays goes beyond traditional, border-driven studies to place the histories of Native Americans, indigenous peoples, and First Nation peoples in a larger context than merely that of the dominant nation. As Transnational Indians in the North American West shows, transnationalism can be expressed in various ways. To some it can be based on dependency, so that the history of the indigenous people of the American Southwest can only be understood in the larger context of Mexico and Central America. Others focus on the importance of movement between Indian and non-Indian worlds as Indians left their (reserved) lands to work, hunt, fish, gather, pursue legal cases, or seek out education, to name but a few examples. Conversely, even natives who remained on reserved lands were nonetheless transnational inasmuch as the reserves did not fully “belong” to them but were administered by a nation-state. Boundaries that scholars once viewed as impermeable, it turns out, can be quite porous. This book stands to be an important contribution to the scholarship that is increasingly breaking free of old boundaries.

Download or read book Black Slaveowners written by Larry Koger and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the federal census, wills, mortgage bills of sale, tax returns, and newspaper advertisements, this authoritative study describes the nature of African-American slaveholding, its complexity, and its rationales. It reveals how some African-American slave masters had earned their freedom and how some free Blacks purchased slaves for their own use. The book provides a fresh perspective on slavery in the antebellum South and underscores the importance of African Americans in the history of American slavery. The book also paints a picture of the complex social dynamics between free and enslaved Blacks, and between Black and white slaveowners. It illuminates the motivations behind African-American slaveholding--including attempts to create or maintain independence, to accumulate wealth, and to protect family members--and sheds light on the harsh realities of slavery for both Black masters and Black slaves. • BLACK SLAVEOWNERS--Shows how some African Americans became slave masters • MOTIVATIONS FOR SLAVEHOLDING--Highlights the motivations behind African-American slaveholding • SOCIAL DYNAMICS--Sheds light on the complex social dynamics between free and enslaved Blacks • ANEBELLUM SOUTH--Provides a perspective on slavery in the antebellum South

Download or read book Empire and Liberty written by Virginia Scharff and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empire and Liberty brings together two epic subjects in American history: the story of the struggle to end slavery that reached a violent climax in the Civil War, and the story of the westward expansion of the United States. Virginia Scharff and the contributors to this volume show how the West shaped the conflict over slavery and how slavery shaped the West, in the process defining American ideals about freedom and influencing battles over race, property, and citizenship. This innovative work embraces East and West, as well as North and South, as the United States observes the 2015 sesquicentennial commemoration of the end of the Civil War. A companion volume to an Autry National Center exhibition on the Civil War and the West, Empire and Liberty brings leading historians together to examine artifacts, objects, and artworks that illuminate this period of national expansion, conflict, and renewal.

Download or read book Freedom by the Sword written by William A. Dobak and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Civil War changed the United States in many ways—economic, political, and social. Of these changes, none was more important than Emancipation. Besides freeing nearly four million slaves, it brought agricultural wage labor to a reluctant South and gave a vote to black adult males in the former slave states. It also offered former slaves new opportunities in education, property ownership—and military service. From late 1862 to the spring of 1865, as the Civil War raged on, the federal government accepted more than 180,000 black men as soldiers, something it had never done before on such a scale. Known collectively as the United States Colored Troops and organized in segregated regiments led by white officers, some of these soldiers guarded army posts along major rivers; others fought Confederate raiders to protect Union supply trains, and still others took part in major operations like the Siege of Petersburg and the Battle of Nashville. After the war, many of the black regiments took up posts in the former Confederacy to enforce federal Reconstruction policy. Freedom by the Sword tells the story of these soldiers' recruitment, organization, and service. Thanks to its broad focus on every theater of the war and its concentration on what black soldiers actually contributed to Union victory, this volume stands alone among histories of the U.S. Colored Troops.

Download or read book Race and Ethnicity in America 4 volumes written by Russell M. Lawson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 1972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Divided into four volumes, Race and Ethnicity in America provides a complete overview of the history of racial and ethnic relations in America, from pre-contact to the present. The five hundred years since Europeans made contact with the indigenous peoples of America have been dominated by racial and ethnic tensions. During the colonial period, from 1500 to 1776, slavery and servitude of whites, blacks, and Indians formed the foundation for race and ethnic relations. After the American Revolution, slavery, labor inequalities, and immigration led to racial and ethnic tensions; after the Civil War, labor inequalities, immigration, and the fight for civil rights dominated America's racial and ethnic experience. From the 1960s to the present, the unfulfilled promise of civil rights for all ethnic and racial groups in America has been the most important sociopolitical issue in America. Race and Ethnicity in America tells this story of the fight for equality in America. The first volume spans pre-contact to the American Revolution; the second, the American Revolution to the Civil War; the third, Reconstruction to the Civil Rights Movement; and the fourth, the Civil Rights Movement to the present. All volumes explore the culture, society, labor, war and politics, and cultural expressions of racial and ethnic groups.