Download or read book The Air Navigation aircraft and Aircraft Engine Emissions Order 1986 written by Great Britain and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statutory Instruments written by Great Britain and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Civil Aviation written by Tim Unmack and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at the operational standards and obligations in civil aviation, and the consequences of failure to comply with them. It covers a wide range of topics both international and complex in measure.

Download or read book Sessional Papers Printed by Order of the House of Lords Minutes of Proceedings Public Bills Reports from Committees Miscellaneous written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes lists of orders, rules, bills etc.

Download or read book Procedure for the Calculation of Aircraft Emissions written by A-21 Aircraft Noise Measurement Aviation Emission Modeling and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This AIR describes procedures for calculating emissions resulting from the main engines of commercial jet and turboprop aircraft through all modes of operation for all segments of a flight. Piston engine aircraft emissions are not included in this AIR. Some information about piston engine aircraft emissions can be found in FOCA 2007. The principal purpose of the procedures is to assist model developers in calculating aircraft emissions in a consistent and accurate manner that can be used to address various environmental assessments including those related to policy decisions and regulatory requirements.The pollutants considered in this document are: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Total unburned Hydrocarbons (THC) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) Sulfur Oxides (SOx) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Methane (CH4) Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)As indicated above, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) are not individually accounted for; many of these are simply included as part of THC. Also, trace metals are not included other than those that may already be accounted for as part of PM emissions. Since the scope is limited to aircraft engine emissions only, emissions from Ground Service Equipment (GSE), roadway vehicles, power plants, training fires, etc., are not included within this document. Athough Auxilliary Power Units (APU), brakes, and tires are also part of the aircraft, their emissions (e.g., tire wear) are not within the scope of this document.The methods are based on aircraft performance and emissions modeling. This means that only the pollutants exiting the exhaust of an engine are considered. Any atmospheric effects including those that occur in the near-field (e.g., exhaust plume) and the subsequent atmospheric dispersion are not modeled. The exception to this is in the computation of PM emissions.In meeting the needs of modelers who may have varying fidelity requirements for both emissions and aircraft performance modeling, this document does not try to promote a single database and methodology. Therefore, several methods have been included in this document as indicated below with the emissions methods categorized by pollutants: Emissions Modeling Methods NOx, CO, and THC P3T3 Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2) Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt (DLR) Method International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Reference Method CO2, H2O, and SOx Fuel Composition Method (FCM) VOC, NMVOC, CH4 and NMTHC Derivative Factor Method (DFM) N2O Approximate Factor Method (AFM) PM2.5 and PM10 First Order Approximation (FOA) Aircraft Performance Methods Aircraft performance data from flight data recorders Manufacturer aircraft performance models SAE AIR 1845 combined with Eurocontrol's Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) Eurocontrol's BADA Other aircraft performance models such as the Project Interactive Analysis and Optimisation (PIANO) toolBoth of these sets of emissions and aircraft performance methods are listed in the order in which they are presented in this document. And as previously indicated, the order generally denotes the level of accuracy where the first method in each section represents the most accurate method based on current understanding. The exceptions to this are:Emissions Methods BFFM2 DLRAircraft Performance SAE 1845 + BADA BADAThe ordering of these methods are arbitrary since they are considered comparable (e.g., BFFM2 is comparable to DLR). One other possible exception is the last listing under aircraft performance methods ("Other aircraft performance models"). The data from these other sources may be more accurate, comparable, or less accurate than the previously mentioned methods. This last category was added to include all other methods that were not based on manufacturer, SAE 1845, and BADA models.In order to provide a better understanding of the relative condition of these methods, they have been defined into development status (i.e., "mature" or "developing") and fidelity (i.e., "simple," "intermediate," or "advanced") categories as presented in Table 1. The "other" aircraft model category was not included in Table 1 since it is understood that it can be listed in any of the categories depending on which method/model is employed. The definitions for each of the categories are as follows: In modeling aircraft performance and emissions, the main focus is on a single flight. This includes the complete operation and movement of the aircraft from gate-to-gate: Main engine start-up Ground taxi-out and delay activities Takeoff: Runway roll Takeoff: Initial ascent Climbout En route/cruise Airborne delay activities Approach Landing roll Thrust reverser Ground taxi-in and delay activities Engine shut-downFor modeling purposes, these modes can generally be simplified so that they are equated to one of the four LTO modes. Depending on the method, the actual modeling of the gate-to-gate movement may involve a segment-by-segment approach where results can be integrated to obtain totals by mode and flight. Currently, the AIR does not address emissions during engine start-up and shut-down activities. Also, thrust reverse operations are not directly covered in this AIR. This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes procedures for calculating emissions resulting from operations of jet and turboprop aircraft through all modes of operation. The procedures assume that reference emissions and performance data are available for each airplane involved. The fundamental element of the procedures is a method for deriving emissions indices for an airplane when performing any specified operation for a segment of a flight. The principal purpose of using the procedures is to assist model developers in calculating aircraft emissions in a consistent and accurate manner that can be used to address various environmental assessments including those related to policy decisions and regulatory requirements.Rather than presenting one method, many viable methods are presented for both emissions and aircraft performance modeling with descriptions of the uncertainties involved. As a loose guide to the user, the methods are also ordered such that the most accurate methods are presented first in each section based on current understanding. This document is intended to be updated periodically. Hence, the methodology descriptions and uncertainty assessments will be modified accordingly as the various methods evolve and new information becomes available.

Download or read book Aviation Law Regulation written by Carole Blackshaw and published by Financial Times/Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1992 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book German journal of air and space law written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The National Aviation System Challenges of the Decade Ahead 1977 1986 written by United States. Federal Aviation Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index to Government Orders as at written by Great Britain and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control of Aircraft Engine Emissions written by International Civil Aviation Organization and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index to Government Orders written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Protection written by International Civil Aviation Organization. Council and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annex 16 deals with protection of the environment from the effects of aircraft noise and aircraft engine emissions. Volume II of Annex 16 contains definitions, symbols, and standards related to vented fuel and emissions certification applicable to specified classes of aircraft engines when such engines are fitted to aircraft are engaged in international civil navigation.

Download or read book Sessional Papers Printed by Order of the House of Lords Or Presented by Royal Command in the Session written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords and published by . This book was released on with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Air Law written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exhaust Emissions from Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines written by National Industrial Pollution Control Council and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sessional Papers written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aviation and the Environment written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Aviation and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: