Download or read book The Activist CEO in the Era of Woke Capitalism written by Giusy Alessandra Rizzi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, organized in two studies, takes an in-depth look at the phenomenon of CEO activism: the extent to which top executives take a stand and speak out about polarizing issues that involve society at large, with the intent of shifting the public opinion towards their espoused position. Chapter 1 (Study 1) approaches the phenomenon of CEO activism qualitatively. By analyzing mini case studies of CEOs who have taken public stances on sociopolitical issues, it refines current definitions of CEO activism to reconcile both existing theory on the topic and provide confirmatory evidence on the phenomenon from real data. The findings confirms three conditions proposed by past scholars that CEO statements meet in order to be classified as activism: they address polarizing issues, they are unrelated to the firm's viability and performance, and they are directed at making a change in society rather than within the organization. Study 1 also reveals other critical characteristics of CEO activism: how it varies based on its riskiness, and how it is related to the focal firm. Based in part on the qualitative findings of Study 1, Chapter 2 (Study 2) turns to the organizational consequences of CEO activism. Using stakeholder alignment theory and the literature on executive symbolism, it frames CEO activism as a sensegiving process and focuses on the effects of CEO activism on organizational outcomes. I propose that the effects of CEO activism on firm performance are contingent upon whether CEO activism is perceived as congruent with employees' dominant political ideology. As a symbolic action, CEO activism has the power to influence employees' values and goals; therefore, when it is aligned with employees' political ideology, it will engender a positive employees' cognitive, affective and behavioral response in the organization, which will ultimately benefit firm performance. However, the positive outcomes derived from an alignment between CEO activism and employees' political ideology, will be hindered by the extent to which organizational members perceive the executive as not invested in the activism. When CEO activism is not consistent over time, it is perceived as merely a gesture. Furthermore, CEOs who are also firm founders tend to amplify the effects of CEO activism. All of these findings were derived from tests of a sample of 236 CEOs who engaged in activism between 2015 and 2018 and a total of 880 firm-year observations. By integrating additional data of non-activist CEOs of S&P1500 companies, Study 2 also includes post-hoc and supplementary analyses to test for endogeneity concerns, treatment effects, as well as for the plausibility of my theoretical mechanism.
Download or read book Woke Capitalism written by Carl Rhodes and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delves into the corporate takeover of public morality, or ‘woke capitalism’. Discussing the political causes that it has adopted, and the social causes that it has not, it argues that this extension of capitalism has negative implications for democracy’s future.
Download or read book Woke Capitalism written by Carl Rhodes and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SHORTLISTED FOR THE BUSINESS BOOK AWARDS 2022 Does ‘woke capitalism’ improve capitalism’s image or does it threaten the future of democracy? From Nike’s support for Colin Kaepernick, to Gillette’s engagement with the toxic masculinity debate, the 21st century has seen a sharp increase in corporations taking over public morality, a phenomenon which has come to be known as ‘woke capitalism’. Carl Rhodes takes us on a lively and fascinating history of woke capitalism – from 1950s corporate social responsibility, through 1980s neoliberalism, tracing it alongside the adoption and mutation of the term ‘woke’ from Black American culture – and brings us right up to current-day debates. By examining the political causes that woke capitalism has co-opted, and the social causes that it has not, he argues that this surreptitious extension of capitalism has serious implications for us all.
Download or read book The Capitalist and the Activist written by Tom C. W. Lin and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2023 Axiom Business Books Award Silver Medalist (Business Commentary) 2023 Nautilus Book Award Silver Medalist (Social Change & Social Justice) This is the first in-depth examination of the important ongoing fusion of activism, capitalism, and social change masterfully told through a compelling narrative filled with vivid stories and striking studies. Corporations and their executives are at the forefront of some of the most contentious and important social issues of our time. Through pronouncements, policies, boycotts, sponsorships, lobbying, and fundraising, corporations are actively engaged in issues like immigration reform, gun regulation, racial justice, gender equality, and religious freedom. Despite corporate social activism being everywhere these days-witness how quickly companies and progressives united to oppose North Carolina's bathroom bill or support the Black Lives Matter movement-there has been no in-depth examination of the far-reaching consequences of this movement. What first principles should guide businesses' approaches? How should activists engage with businesses in a way that is most beneficial to their causes? What are potential pitfalls and risks associated with corporate social activism for activists, businesses, and society at large? Weaving studies and stories, Temple University professor of law, Tom C. W. Lin offers a road map for how we got here and a compass for where we are going as a nation of capitalists and activists seeking profit and progress.
Download or read book Woke Inc written by Vivek Ramaswamy and published by . This book was released on 2023-08-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this instant New York Times bestseller, a young and successful entrepreneur makes the case that politics has no place in business, and sets out a new vision for the future of American capitalism. There's a new invisible force at work in our economic and cultural lives. It affects every advertisement we see and every product we buy, from our morning coffee to a new pair of shoes. "Stakeholder capitalism" makes rosy promises of a better, more diverse, environmentally friendly world, but in reality this ideology championed by America's business and political leaders robs us of our money, our voice, and our identity. Vivek Ramaswamy is a traitor to his class. He's founded multibillion-dollar enterprises, led a biotech company as CEO, he became a hedge fund partner in his 20s, trained as a scientist at Harvard and a lawyer at Yale, and grew up the child of immigrants in a small town in Ohio. Now he takes us behind the scenes into corporate boardrooms and five-star conferences, into Ivy League classrooms and secretive nonprofits, to reveal the defining scam of our century. The modern woke-industrial complex divides us as a people. By mixing morality with consumerism, America's elites prey on our innermost insecurities about who we really are. They sell us cheap social causes and skin-deep identities to satisfy our hunger for a cause and our search for meaning, at a moment when we as Americans lack both. This book not only rips back the curtain on the new corporatist agenda, it offers a better way forward. America's elites may want to sort us into demographic boxes, but we don't have to stay there. Woke, Inc. begins as a critique of stakeholder capitalism and ends with an exploration of what it means to be an American in 2021--a journey that begins with cynicism and ends with hope.
Download or read book The Dictatorship of Woke Capital written by Stephen R. Soukup and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the better part of a century, the Left has been waging a slow, methodical battle for control of the institutions of Western civilization. During most of that time, “business”— and American Big Business, in particular — remained the last redoubt for those who believe in free people, free markets, and the criticality of private property. Over the past two decades, however, that has changed, and the Left has taken its long march to the last remaining non-Leftist institution. Over the course of the past two years or so, a small handful of politicians on the Right — Senators Tom Cotton, Marco Rubio, and Josh Hawley, to name three — have begun to sense that something is wrong with American business and have sought to identify the problem and offer solutions to rectify it. While the attention of high-profile politicians to the issue is welcome, to date the solutions they have proposed are inadequate, for a variety of reasons, including a failure to grasp the scope of the problem, failure to understand the mechanisms of corporate governance, and an overreliance on state-imposed, top-down solutions. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the problem and the players involved, both on the aggressive, hardcharging Left and in the nascent conservative resistance. It explains what the Left is doing and how and why the Right must be prepared and willing to fight back to save this critical aspect of American culture from becoming another, more economically powerful version of the “woke” college campus.
Download or read book Brand Activism written by Christian Sarkar and published by Penguin Random House India Private Limited. This book was released on 2021-07-12 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens when businesses and their customers don't share the same values? Or, for that matter, when employees of a company don't share the same values as their executives? Welcome to the world of Brand Activism. Companies no longer have a choice. Brand Activism consists of business efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, and/or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to promote or impede improvements in society. It is driven by a fundamental concern for the biggest and most urgent problems facing society. Brand Activism: From Purpose to Action is about how progressive businesses are taking stands to create a better world.
Download or read book Capitalism at the Crossoads written by Stuart L. Hart and published by Pearson Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2007-07-18 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Capitalism at the Crossroads is built on strong theoretical underpinnings and illustrated with many practical examples. The author offers a pioneering roadmap to responsible macroeconomics and corporate growth." -Clayton Christensen, Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School and author of The Innovator's Dilemma "I hope this book will be able to influence the thought processes of corporations and motivate them to adapt to forthcoming business realities for the sake of their own long-term existence. Besides business leaders, this is a thought-provoking book for the readers who are looking for solutions to capitalism’s problems." -Muhammad Yunus, Founder and Managing Director, Grameen Bank, Bangladesh and 2007 Nobel Peace Prize recipient "Capitalism at the Crossroads is a practical manifesto for business in the twenty-first century. Professor Stuart L. Hart provides a succinct framework for managers to harmonize concerns for the planet with wealth creation and unambiguously demonstrates the connection between the two. This book represents a turning point in the debate about the emerging role and responsibility of business in society." -C.K. Prahalad, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, co-author of Competing for the Future and author of The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid "Stuart Hart was there at the beginning. Years ago when the term ‘sustainability’ had not yet reached the business schools, Stuart Hart stood as a beacon glowing in the umbrage. It is clear commerce is the engine of change, design the first signal of human intention, and global capitalism is at the crossroads. Stuart Hart is there again; this time lighting up the intersection." -William McDonough, University of Virginia, co-author of Cradle to Cradle "Professor Hart is on the leading edge of making sustainability an understandable and useful framework for building business value. This book brings together much of his insights developed over the past decade. Through case studies and practical advice, he argues powerfully that unlimited opportunities for profitable business growth will flow to those companies that bring innovative technology and solutions to bear on some of the world’s most intractable social and environmental problems." -Chad Holliday, Chairman and CEO, DuPont "Capitalism at the Crossroads clearly reveals the essence of what sustainability means to today’s business world. Hart’s analysis that businesses must increasingly adopt a business framework based on building sustainable value speaks to the entire sustainability movement’s relevance. Sustainability is more than today’s competitive edge; it is tomorrow’s model for success." -Don Pether, President and CEO, Dofasco Inc. "Stuart Hart has written a book full of big insights painted with bold strokes. He may make you mad. He will certainly make you think." -Jonathan Lash, President, The World Resources Institute "A must-read for every CEO—and every MBA." -John Elkington, Chairman, SustainAbility "This book provides us with a vast array of innovative and practical ideas to accelerate the transformation to global sustainability and the role businesses and corporations will have to play therein. Stuart Hart manages to contribute in an essential way to the growing intellectual capital that addresses this topic. But, beyond that, the book will also prove to be a pioneer in the literature on corporate strategy by adding this new dimension to the current thinking." -Jan Oosterveld, Professor, IESE Business School, Barcelona, Spain Member, Group Management Committee (Ret.), Royal Philips Electronics "Capitalism at the Crossroads captures a disturbing and descriptive picture of the global condition. Dr. Hart constructs a compelling new corporate business model that simultaneously merges the metric of profitability along with societal value and environmental integrity. He challenges the corporate sector to take the lead and to invoke this change so that the benefits of capitalism can be shared with the entire human community worldwide." -Mac Bridger, CEO of Tandus Group "Stuart L. Hart makes a very important contribution to the understanding of how enterprise can help save the world’s environment. Crucial reading." -Hernando de Soto, President of The Institute for Liberty and Democracy and author of The Mystery of Capital "Stuart Hart’s insights into the business sense of sustainability come through compellingly in Capitalism at the Crossroads. Any businessperson interested in the long view will find resonance with his wise reasoning." -Ray Anderson, Founder and Chairman, Interface, Inc. "This stimulating book documents the central role that business will play in humanity’s efforts to develop a sustainable global economy. Professor Hart presents an attractive vision of opportunity for those corporations that develop the new technologies, new business models, and new mental frames that are essential to a sustainable future." -Jeffrey Lehman, Former President of Cornell University "The people of the world are in desperate need of new ideas if global industrial development is ever to result in something other than the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer, with nature (and potentially all of us) suffering the collateral damage. Few have contributed more to meeting this need over the past decade than Stuart Hart by helping to illuminate the potential role for business and new thinking in business strategy in the journey ahead. Capitalism at the Crossroads challenges, provokes, and no doubt will stimulate many debates—which is exactly what is needed." -Peter Senge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chairperson of the Society for Organizational Learning, and author of The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of The Learning Organization New Foreword by Al Gore Brand-New Second Edition, Completely Revised with: Up-to-the-minute trends and lessons learned New and updated case studies The latest corporate responses to climate change, energy, and terrorism Global capitalism stands at a crossroads-facing terrorism, environmental destruction, and anti-globalization backlash. Today's global companies are at a crossroads, too-searching desperately for new sources of profitable growth. Stuart L. Hart's Capitalism at the Crossroads, Second Edition is about solving both of those problems at the same time. It's about igniting new growth by creating sustainable products that solve urgent societal problems. It's about using new technology to deliver profitable solutions that reduce poverty and protect the environment. It's about becoming truly indigenous to all your markets, and avoiding the pitfalls of first-generation "greening" and "sustainability" strategies. Hart has thoroughly revised this seminal book with new case studies, trends, and lessons learned-including the latest experiences of leaders like GE and Wal-Mart. You'll find new insights from the pioneering BoP Protocol initiative, in which multinationals are incubating new businesses in income-poor communities. You'll also discover creative new ways in which corporations are responding to global warming and terrorism. More than ever, this book points the way toward a capitalism that's more inclusive, more welcome, and far more successful-for both companies and communities, worldwide. Paths to profitable sustainability: Lessons from GE and Wal-Mart Shattering the "trade-off" myth New commercial strategies for serving the "base of the pyramid" What enterprises have learned about doing business in income-poor regions Becoming indigenous-for real, for good Codiscovering new opportunities, cocreating new businesses with the poor Learning from leaders: 20+ new and updated case studies Best practices from DuPont, HP, Unilever, SC Johnson, Tata, P&G, Cemex, and more About the Author xii Acknowledgments xiii Foreword: Al Gore, Former Vice President of the U.S. xxiv Foreword: Fisk Johnson, Chairman and CEO, S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. xxvii Prologue: Capitalism at the Crossroads xxxi PART ONE: MAPPING THE TERRAIN Chapter 1: From Obligation to Opportunity 3 Chapter 2: Worlds in Collision 31 Chapter 3: The Sustainable Value Portfolio 59 PART TWO: BEYOND GREENING Chapter 4: Creative Destruction and Sustainability 87 Chapter 5: The Great Leap Downward 111 Chapter 6: Reaching the Base of the Pyramid 139 PART THREE: BECOMING INDIGENOUS Chapter 7: Broadening the Corporate Bandwidth 169 Chapter 8: Developing Native Capability 193 Chapter 9: Toward a Sustainable Global Enterprise 223 Epilogue 249 Index 254
Download or read book Saving Capitalism written by Robert B. Reich and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2015 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outlines how the American economic system is failing, with increasing income inequality and a shrinking middle class, and reveals how a market designed for broad prosperity can reverse the trend toward diminished opportunity. --Publisher.
Download or read book No Logo written by Naomi Klein and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2000-01-15 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What corporations fear most are consumers who ask questions. Naomi Klein offers us the arguments with which to take on the superbrands." Billy Bragg from the bookjacket.
Download or read book The System written by Robert B. Reich and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the bestselling author of Saving Capitalism and The Common Good, comes an urgent analysis of how the "rigged" systems of American politics and power operate, how this status quo came to be, and how average citizens can enact change. There is a mounting sense that our political-economic system is no longer working, but what is the core problem and how do we remedy it? With the characteristic clarity and passion that have made him a central civil voice, bestselling author of Saving Capitalism and The Common Good Robert B. Reich shows how wealth and power have combined to install an oligarchy and undermine democracy. Reich exposes the myths of meritocracy, national competitiveness, corporate social responsibility, the “free market,” and the political “center,” all of which are used by those at the top to divert attention from their takeover of the system and to justify their accumulation of even more wealth and power. In demystifying the current system, Reich reveals where power actually lies and how it is wielded, and invites us to reclaim power and remake the system for all.
Download or read book The Secret Fire written by C.J. Daugherty and published by Bookouture. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sacha Winters can't die. Until his eighteenth birthday he is invincible. On that day it all ends for Sacha - the result of a curse that has plagued his family for centuries. His death will fulfil the curse - and unleash a wave of destruction. He has no idea how to stop it, only the cryptic notes left behind by his father, and a strange connection with a girl he has only just met to guide him. Taylor Montclair is a quiet, studious girl focused on her dream of getting into Oxford University. She's also the only one who can save Sacha. Only neither of them knows that yet. And Sacha lives hundreds of miles away, in Paris. Taylor and Sacha have eight weeks to find each other. To unravel the secrets buried in their families' past. And to discover the power that lies within them. Sacha's life, and the fate of the world depends on it. The clock starts NOW. What readers are saying about The Secret Fire... 'Pure awesome... There were moments when I laughed, moments where I gasped in surprise, and moments where I knew I could not read fast enough because I had to know what was going to happen next... My only complaint? That it ended and now I need to wait. I must know what happens next. I must!!!!' Series Tracker 'Are you ready for a grip the edge of your seat-repeating mantra of OMG as you turn the pages eagerly? Looking for something with intensity but also something that leaves you begging for more??? Looking for a new fav??? YES. This book is all of what you need and so much more! Go Into This One Knowing. Best. Book. Ever.' Crossroad Reviews 'This was incredible!... such a slow burn romance but the build-up had my heart beating out of my chest, the angst and suspense was killing me... This book was perfectly paced and the lack of info-dumping, love triangles and insta-love made for a perfect start to a new series. Switching from POV's from England and Paris and following the characters as they go from across countries was a great concept. With the addition of magic, action and adventure this book could really do no wrong in my eyes. There isn't a cliffhanger ending just the promise of lots more to come in the next installment which I'm now anxiously awaiting. I highly recommend this to fellow fantasy lovers who are looking for a brand new world to immerse themselves in, with great characters, a promising romance and a thrilling journey ahead.' Literary-ly Obsessed 'I love this book! It was really great! I've always loved books that include Alchemy as its major fantasy core, I just think that it's such a fascinating 'science'! ... I read the first chapter, and I was completely swept into this amazing world! ... can't wait until the second book comes out, and to continue exploring this amazing story! Just Another Bookish Blog 'thrilling and exciting all at the same time... an excellent paranormal fantasy... such amazing story telling' Books at Dawn
Download or read book Commodity Activism written by Roopali Mukherjee and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buying (RED) products—from Gap T-shirts to Apple—to fight AIDS. Drinking a “Caring Cup” of coffee at the Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf to support fair trade. Driving a Toyota Prius to fight global warming. All these commonplace activities point to a central feature of contemporary culture: the most common way we participate in social activism is by buying something. Roopali Mukherjee and Sarah Banet-Weiser have gathered an exemplary group of scholars to explore this new landscape through a series of case studies of “commodity activism.” Drawing from television, film, consumer activist campaigns, and cultures of celebrity and corporate patronage, the essays take up examples such as the Dove “Real Beauty” campaign, sex positive retail activism, ABC’s Extreme Home Makeover, and Angelina Jolie as multinational celebrity missionary. Exploring the complexities embedded in contemporary political activism, Commodity Activism reveals the workings of power and resistance as well as citizenship and subjectivity in the neoliberal era. Refusing to simply position politics in opposition to consumerism, this collection teases out the relationships between material cultures and political subjectivities, arguing that activism may itself be transforming into a branded commodity.
Download or read book WEconomy written by Sir Craig Kielburger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ***100% of Author Royalties are being donated to charity in keeping with the belief that WEconomy can indeed change the world by empowering families in developing communicates to lift themselves out of poverty with the small business training these book sales are providing. Track your individual impact on a global scale with the specific code on your book’s back cover at WE.org. Your guide to ‘Business with Benefits'... for All! Purpose and profit are powerful human motivators. Combined, this power can change the world. WEconomy is your guidebook to the greatest evolution in business since the assembly line. Discover the secret to achieving purpose with profit in your career and company, all while driving positive impact. Do you crave more meaning in your job? This book is your roadmap. Are you seeking to inspire employees? CEOs are discovering that purpose is the key to increasing productivity and retaining top performers. If you’re in sales, unleash the power of purpose to inspire customers to be passionate brand ambassadors. If you are an aspiring social entrepreneur, learn how to massively scale your mission. Get paid to change the world — who wouldn’t want to be the person doing that? Uncover the methods of megastars like Oprah Winfrey, Earvin “Magic” Johnson, and Sir Richard Branson, who make the world a better place through purposeful—and highly successful—business strategies. The stellar authorial team share in candid detail, the setbacks and achievements they experienced building successful enterprises and charities—with purpose. With the tips inside this book, you, your business, or your charity can: Find a cause that drives you and your career goals to new heights Create a job that you love and be celebrated by your peers, boss, and industry Inspire brand fanatics to stay loyal to you, your company, and your cause Add a halo to your product, grow your geographic reach, innovate for “the next big thing,” engage Boomers to Gen Z, and much more! This is your blueprint for living by your personal values, achieving career success, and changing the world. Purpose and profit are the greatest human motivators. This is the definitive roadmap for bringing the power of both forces together—achieving purpose with profit in your career, company, and changing the world. Do you crave more meaning in your job? This book will give you the roadmap. Are you seeking to inspire employees? CEOs are discovering that purpose is the secret to increasing productivity and retaining top workers. If you’re in sales, unleash the power of purpose to inspire customers to be passionate brand ambassadors. Everyone wants more meaning. We all inherently know that purpose is powerful, but this is the ground-breaking book to unleashing the purpose within your career, company, and life goals. This book will show you how to profit with purpose, whether you’re the one calling the shots or a junior employee looking to advance. Get paid to change the world – who wouldn’t want to be the person doing that?
Download or read book The Death of Expertise written by Tom Nichols and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the early 1990s, a small group of "AIDS denialists," including a University of California professor named Peter Duesberg, argued against virtually the entire medical establishment's consensus that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Science thrives on such counterintuitive challenges, but there was no evidence for Duesberg's beliefs, which turned out to be baseless. Once researchers found HIV, doctors and public health officials were able to save countless lives through measures aimed at preventing its transmission"--
Download or read book Black Awakening in Capitalist America written by Robert L. Allen and published by Lushena Books. This book was released on 1990 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Awakening in Capitalist America is a classic study of the Black liberation movement of the 1960s. Examining Black Power and black capitalism, the student and radical movements, nationalists and integrationists, Allen argues that Black America, hemmed in by racism, constitutes an underdeveloped, domestic colony within the United States. Black Awakening in Capitalist America is essential reading to understand the origins and development of the contemporary black struggle for freedom.
Download or read book The Capitalism Papers written by Jerry Mander and published by Catapult. This book was released on 2012-06-08 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the vein of his bestseller, Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television, nationally recognized social critic Jerry Mander researches, discusses, and exposes the momentous and unsolvable environmental and social problem of capitalism. Mander argues that capitalism is no longer a viable system: "What may have worked in 1900 is calamitous in 2010." Capitalism, utterly dependent on never–ending economic growth, is an impossible absurdity on a finite planet with limited resources. Climate change, together with global food, water, and resource shortages, are only the start. Mander draws attention to capitalism's obsessive need to dominate and undermine democracy, as well as to diminish social and economic equity. Designed to operate free of "morality," the system promotes "permanent war" as a key economic strategy. Worst of all, the problems of capitalism are intrinsic to the form. Many organizations are already anticipating the breakdown of the system and are working to define new hierarchies of democratic values that respect the carrying capacities of the planet.
