Download or read book The 21st Century Fight Over Who Sets the Terms of the Charity Property Tax Exemption written by Evelyn Brody and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turning from the substantive issue of defining charity, this article considers the “who” question by examining the roles of the courts, legislatures, municipalities, and charities in determining exemption and payments in lieu of taxes. The three covered topics - constitutional power, statutory interpretation, and the “intermediate sanctions” of user fees and PILOTs - braid together to form the procedural framework for the financial relationship between nonprofit property owners and the taxing jurisdictions that host them. Change the parameters of one, and you change the others. Staying off the rolls or minimizing the tax bite often results from compromise - whether at the state constitutional level; in state statutes; as a matter of assessment; or through negotiation with local governmental bodies. But such an application of a multi-level framework for mischief leads to legal incoherence. The article begins with the knockdown, drag-out separation-of-powers fight that has arisen in Illinois and Pennsylvania: Which branch, the judicial or legislative, defines “charities” granted exemption by the state constitution?Next up is the more mundane world of statutory interpretation, where even here courts second-guess the legislature. A June 2015 decision by the New Jersey tax court exemplifies what could be view as “passive-aggressive separation of powers,” when the court basically says, “Surely the legislature could not have meant this entity (or this use of property) to qualify as charity.” This latest decision not only seems to render all “sophisticated centers of medical care” in New Jersey taxable, but also is causing sleepless nights for Princeton University: The same judge is hearing a challenge to the university's exemption brought by local taxpayers. New Jersey's January 2016 proposed legislation fell a pocket veto short of enactment: It would have imposed a formulary community-service fee on nonprofit hospitals. Legislative efforts are again underway. Perhaps such a third-way solution might become more common. Voluntary agreements for payments in lieu of taxes are literally all over the map, from Boston's revamped comprehensive PILOT program to a Florida appellate court's striking of a PILOT program as inconsistent with statutory exemption. Will the people's branch get the last word after all?
Download or read book Property tax Exemption for Charities written by Evelyn Brody and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 2002 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors in municipal studies, law, and philanthropic studies discuss property-tax exemption for charities and how public perception on property-owning charities differs from reality. They survey the legal and political landscape of property-tax exemption for nonprofit organizations, examine the development of the current structure of nonprofit property-tax exemption and its legal rationales, and assess mechanisms adopted by local municipalities to offset some of the revenue lost because of exempt properties. Material originated at the December 1997 26th Annual Conference of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Research Handbook on Not For Profit Law written by Matthew Harding and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of scholarship on not-for-profit law. The chapters, written by world leading experts, explore key ideas and debates in relation to: theories of the not-for-profit sector, the composition and scope of that sector, not-for-profit organisations and the constitution, the legal conception of charity, the tax treatment of not-for-profit organisations and the regulation of not-for-profits. The book serves to represent not-for-profit law as a field of academic inquiry, and to point the way to future research in that field.
Download or read book Nonprofits and Government written by Elizabeth Boris and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonprofits and Government provides students and practitioners with the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary, research-based inquiry into the collaborative and conflicting relationship between nonprofits and government at all levels: local, national, and international. The contributors—all leading experts—explore how government regulates, facilitates, finances, and oversees nonprofit activities, and how nonprofits, in turn, try to shape the way government serves the public and promotes the civic, religious, and cultural life of the country. Buttressed by rigorous scholarship, a solid grasp of history, and practical ideas, this 360-degree assessment frees discussion of the nonprofit sector’s relationship to government from both wishful and insular thinking. The third edition, addresses the tremendous changes that created both opportunities and challenges for nonprofit-government relations over the past ten years, including new audit requirements, tax and regulatory changes, consequences of the Affordable Care Act and the Great Recession, and new nonprofit and philanthropic forms. Contributors include Alan J. Abramson, Elizabeth T. Boris, Erica Broadus, Evelyn Brody, John Casey, Roger Colinvaux, Joseph J. Cordes , Teresa Derrick-Mills, Nathan Dietz, Lewis Faulk, Marion Fremont-Smith, Saunji D. Fyffe, Virginia Hodgkinson, Béatrice Leydier, Cindy M. Lott, Jasmine McGinnis Johnson, Brice McKeever, Susan D. Phillips, Steven Rathgeb Smith, Ellen Steele, C. Eugene Steuerle, Dennis R. Young, and Mary K. Winkler.
Download or read book Nonprofit Law written by Elizabeth Schmidt and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonprofit Law: The Life Cycle of A Charitable Organization
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Law and Entrepreneurship in the United States written by D. Gordon Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-14 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law plays a key role in determining the level of entrepreneurial action in society. Legal rules seek to define property rights, facilitate private ordering, and impose liability for legal wrongs, thereby attempting to establish conditions under which individuals may act. These rules also channel the development of technology, regulate information flows, and determine parameters of competition. Depending on their structure and implementation, legal rules can also discourage individuals from acting. It is thus crucial to determine which legal rules and institutions best enable entrepreneurs, whose core function is to challenge incumbency. This volume assembles legal experts from diverse fields to examine the role of law in facilitating or impeding entrepreneurial action. Contributors explore issues arising in current policy debates, including the incentive effect of legal rules on startup activity; the role of law in promoting or foreclosing market entry; and the effect of entrepreneurial action on legal doctrine.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management written by Bruce A. Seaman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the success of the first edition, this thoroughly revised and expanded edition explores (1) areas of general agreement from previous research; (2) areas of conflicting results and unexplored questions; (3) the relative roles of theory, data availability and empirical analysis in explaining gaps in our knowledge; and (4) what must be done to improve our knowledge and extend the literature. Selected original chapters addressing especially challenging topics include the value of risk management to nonprofit decision-making; nonprofit wages theory and evidence; the valuation of volunteer labor; property tax exemption for nonprofits; when is competition good for the third sector; and product diversification and social enterprise; international perspectives; the application of experimental research and the macroeconomic effects of the nonprofit sector.
Download or read book A Good Tax written by Joan Youngman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In A Good Tax, tax expert Joan Youngman skillfully considers how to improve the operation of the property tax and supply the information that is often missing in public debate. She analyzes the legal, administrative, and political challenges to the property tax in the United States and offers recommendations for its improvement. The book is accessibly written for policy analysts and public officials who are dealing with specific property tax issues and for those concerned with property tax issues in general.
Download or read book Research Papers Taxes written by Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Politics of Charity written by Kerry O'Halloran and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-04-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Politics of Charity examines the contemporary political role played by charity, as legally defined, in the developed democratic nations. It considers how this has come about, why it is now significant, what it is that is integral to the content and role of ‘charity’ that allows it to hold such a pivotal political position and why this would seem to be non-transferable to undemocratic nations. It also identifies and assesses the political relevance of different types of charitable activity.
Download or read book Research Papers written by Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Philanthropy in Democratic Societies written by Rob Reich and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philanthropy is everywhere. In 2013, in the United States alone, some $330 billion was recorded in giving, from large donations by the wealthy all the way down to informal giving circles. We tend to think of philanthropy as unequivocally good, but as the contributors to this book show, philanthropy is also an exercise of power. And like all forms of power, especially in a democratic society, it deserves scrutiny. Yet it rarely has been given serious attention. This book fills that gap, bringing together expert philosophers, sociologists, political scientists, historians, and legal scholars to ask fundamental and pressing questions about philanthropy’s role in democratic societies. The contributors balance empirical and normative approaches, exploring both the roles philanthropy has actually played in societies and the roles it should play. They ask a multitude of questions: When is philanthropy good or bad for democracy? How does, and should, philanthropic power interact with expectations of equal citizenship and democratic political voice? What makes the exercise of philanthropic power legitimate? What forms of private activity in the public interest should democracy promote, and what forms should it resist? Examining these and many other topics, the contributors offer a vital assessment of philanthropy at a time when its power to affect public outcomes has never been greater.
Download or read book Modernising Charity Law written by Myles McGregor-Lowndes and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the pressure for charity law reform has swept across the common law jurisdictions with differing results. Modernising Charity Law examines how the UK jurisdictions have enacted significant statutory reforms after many years of debate, whilst the federations of Canada and Australia seem merely to have intentions of reform. New Zealand and Singapore have begun their own reform journeys. This highly insightful book brings together perspectives from academics,regulators and practitioners from across the common law jurisdictions. The expert contributors consider the array of reforms to charity law and assess their relative successes. Particular attention is given to the controversial issues of expanded heads of charity, public benefit, religion, competition with business, government participation and regulation. The book concludes by challenging the very notion of charity as a foundation for societies which, faced by an array of global threats and the rising tide of human rights, must now also embrace the expanding notions of social capital, social entrepreneurism and civil society This original and highly topical work will be a valuable resource for academics, regulators and legal practitioners as well as advanced and postgraduate students in law and public policy. Specialists in charity law, comparative law, and law and public policy should also not be without this important book.
Download or read book Just Giving written by Rob Reich and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The troubling ethics and politics of philanthropy Is philanthropy, by its very nature, a threat to today’s democracy? Though we may laud wealthy individuals who give away their money for society’s benefit, Just Giving shows how such generosity not only isn’t the unassailable good we think it to be but might also undermine democratic values. Big philanthropy is often an exercise of power, the conversion of private assets into public influence. And it is a form of power that is largely unaccountable and lavishly tax-advantaged. Philanthropy currently fails democracy, but Rob Reich argues that it can be redeemed. Just Giving investigates the ethical and political dimensions of philanthropy and considers how giving might better support democratic values and promote justice.
Download or read book The Public Private Nature of Charity Law written by Kathryn Chan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-17 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is charity law a 'private law' or a 'public law' subject? This book maps charity law's relationship to the public law-private law divide, arguing that charity law is best understood as a hybrid (public-private) legal tradition that is constantly seeking to maintain an equilibrium between the protection of the autonomy of property-owning individuals to direct and control their wealth, and the furtherance of competing public visions of the good. Of interest to scholars and charity lawyers alike, The Public-Private Nature of Charity Law applies its unique lens both to traditional topics such as the public benefit rule and charity law's rules of standing, and to more contemporary issues such as the co-optation of charitable resources by threatened welfare states and the emergence of social enterprise. 'This book should be read by all who are interested in the respective domains of public and private law. Kathryn Chan brings new light to the divide and reveals the way in which both public and private law inform charity law. The book is subtle, original and rigorous, with an excellent grasp of primary and secondary material.' - Paul Craig, Professor of English Law at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of St John's College 'An original and thought-provoking book which takes the somewhat unruly law of charities and, with great insight and clarity, helps it to find its place on the legal map.' - Mary Synge, Associate Professor in Law at the University of Exeter 'Kathryn Chan's impressive monograph breaks new ground in its analytical approach towards charity in the modern world. Her careful study helps us to understand how charitable enterprises partake of the values and concerns of both public and private law, and to evaluate the strength and weaknesses of different approaches to the governance of charitable enterprises.' - Lionel Smith, Sir William C Macdonald Professor of Law, McGill University
Download or read book Taxes written by Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Religion and the Asian City written by Peter van der Veer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Religion and the Asian City highlights the creative and innovative role of urban aspirations in Asian world cities. It does not assume that religion is of the past and that the urban is secular, but instead points out that urban politics and governance often manifest religious boundaries and sensibilities—in short, that public religion is politics. The essays in this book show how projects of secularism come up against projects and ambitions of a religious nature, a particular form of contestation that takes the city as its public arena. Questioning the limits of cities like Mumbai, Singapore, Seoul, Beijing, Bangkok, and Shanghai, the authors assert that Asian cities have to be understood not as global models of futuristic city planning but as larger landscapes of spatial imagination that have specific cultural and political trajectories. Religion plays a central role in the politics of heritage that is emerging from the debris of modernist city planning. Megacities are arenas for the assertion of national and transnational aspirations as Asia confronts modernity. Cities are also sites of speculation, not only for those who invest in real estate but also for those who look for housing, employment, and salvation. In its potential and actual mobility, the sacred creates social space in which they all can meet. Handbook of Religion and the Asian City makes the comparative case that one cannot study the historical patterns of urbanization in Asia without paying attention to the role of religion in urban aspirations.
