Download or read book The Softwood Lumber War written by Daowei Zhang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book The Softwood Lumber Dispute and Canada U S Trade in Natural Resources written by Michael Percy and published by IRPP. This book was released on 1987 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Impacts of the Canadian Softwood Lumber Dispute on U S Industries written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Trade, Tourism, and Economic Development and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The 2006 U S Canada Softwood Lumber Trade Agreement SLA written by Katie Hoover and published by . This book was released on 2018* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Softwood Lumber from Canada written by United States International Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Softwood Lumber from Canada written by United States International Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of the Effects of the Canada US Softwood Lumber Agreement written by Jun Fukuda and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Softwood Lumber from Canada Invs 701 TA 414 and 731 TA 928 Final Third Remand written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Softwood Lumber Imports from Canada written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Softwood lumber imports from Canada have been a persistent concern for Congress for decades. Canada is an important trading partner for the United States, but lumber production is a significant industry in many states. U.S. lumber producers claim they are at an unfair competitive disadvantage in the domestic market against Canadian lumber producers because of Canada's timber pricing policies. This has resulted in five major disputes (so-called lumber wars) between the United States and Canada since the 1980s. The current dispute (Lumber V) started when the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement (SLA) expired on October 12, 2015. Under that agreement, Canadian softwood lumber shipped to the United States was subject to export charges and quota limitations when the price of U.S. softwood products fell below a certain level. After a year-long grace period, a coalition of U.S. lumber producers filed trade remedy petitions on November 25, 2016, which claim that Canadian firms dump lumber in the U.S. market and that Canadian provincial forestry policies subsidize Canadian lumber production. These petitions subsequently were accepted by the two agencies that administer the trade remedy process: the International Trade Commission (ITC) and the International Trade Administration (ITA). In a preliminary determination on April 24, 2017, the ITA determined that the Canadian industry was subsidized and then imposed preliminary countervailing duties upward of 20% on Canadian lumber. Final determinations are due by September. Tension between the United States and Canada over the softwood lumber trade has been persistent and may be inevitable. Both countries have extensive forest resources, but they have quite different population levels and development pressures. Vast stretches of Canada are still largely undeveloped, whereas relatively fewer areas in the United States (outside Alaska) remain undeveloped. These differences have contributed to different forest management policies. For decades, U.S. lumber producers have argued that they have been injured by subsidies given to their Canadian competitors in the form of lost market share and lost revenue. In the United States, the majority of the timberlands are privately owned; private markets dominate the allocation and pricing of timber, although federally owned forests are regionally significant. In Canada, forests are largely owned by the provincial governments and leased to private firms. The provinces establish the price of timber through a stumpage fee, a per unit volume fee charged for the right to harvest trees. U.S. lumber producers argue that the stumpage fees charged by the Canadian provinces are subsidized, or priced at less than their market value, providing an unfair competitive advantage in supplying the U.S. lumber market. The Canadian provinces and lumber producers dispute the subsidy allegations. Directly comparing Canadian and U.S. lumber prices is difficult and often inconclusive, however, due to major differences in tree species, sizes, and grades; measurement systems; requirements for harvesters; environmental protection; and other factors. The softwood lumber trade between the United States and Canada is of interest to Congress due to the controversy between Canadian and U.S. lumber producers and the larger implications it might have on trade between the two countries. The potential renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) may provide Congress an opportunity to weigh in on this issue, given its constitutional authority over trade policy, as well as authority granted under the 2015 Trade Promotion Authority (TPA). Congress may consider legislation or conduct oversight on these issues.

Download or read book Conditions Relating to the Importation of Softwood Lumber Into the United States written by United States International Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book U S Canadian Softwood Lumber written by Charles F. Doran and published by Washington : Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute. This book was released on 1987 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Softwood Lumber Dispute Resolution and the Rule of Law written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Canada and the United States are neighbors and trading partners, but on one thing they have never agreed: softwood lumber. The dispute dates back hundreds of years, but turned nasty in the 1980's through the use of U.S. trade laws. As a result, the U.S. imposed billions of dollars of duties on Canadian softwood lumber imports. On September 12, 2006 International Trade Minister David Emerson and U.S. Trade Representative Susan Schwab entered an agreement that would return some of the dumping and countervailing duties to the Canadian producers. But not everyone is happy with the deal. In a spirited debate the speakers will identify the winners and losers in the deal and predict the effect of the dispute and agreement on future dispute resolution and the rule of law"--The ABA International Law Section website.

Download or read book Chopping Away at Chapter 11 written by Matthew T. Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On September 12, 2006, the governments of Canada and the United States signed the Softwood Lumber Agreement 2006 (SLA 2006), hoping to end the longstanding dispute between the two countries on the issue of softwood lumber. Fearing liability for measures taken to give effect to the agreement, the Parties included a provision in Article XI(2) of the SLA 2006, limiting the availability of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Chapter 11 dispute resolution.This comment argues that in limiting the availability of NAFTA Chapter 11 dispute resolution, Article XI(2) of SLA 2006 effects the application of NAFTA Chapter 11 in a way that is inconsistent with customary international law. Specifically, Article XI(2) impermissibly affects the applicability of NAFTA Chapter 11 in one of two ways: (a) it separates provisions of Chapter 11 that are inseparable, were critical to the consent of Canada and the United States in signing NAFTA, and renders the continued performance of NAFTA unjust; or (b) it modifies Chapter 11 in a prohibited manner that limits the effective execution of the object and purpose of NAFTA.Regardless of which interpretation of the SLA 2006's effect on NAFTA is more accurate, both are inconsistent with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna Convention). In recognition of these inconsistencies, this comment recommends a litigation strategy for Canadian and American lumber producers that challenges the validity of SLA 2006 Article XI(2). This comment also recommends a series of measures for the Canadian and U.S. governments designed to bring the SLA 2006 in line with customary international law, while still insulating them from liability for measures taken to implement the SLA 2006.

Download or read book Canada U S Lumber Trade Disputes written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1982, Canada and the United States have been involved in disputes over trade in softwood lumber. This report first provides background on the nature of the disputes, which have taken the form of countervailing duty cases and anti-dumping investigations, and the roles & responsibilities of those involved. It then outlines the history of three previous countervailing duty cases started by the US Department of Commerce and the 1996 softwood lumber agreement. The current softwood lumber dispute that followed expiry of the 1996 agreement in 2001 is reviewed with reference to countervailing duty & anti-dumping cases, the Department of Commerce's final determination, negotiations to assess alternatives to litigation to resolve the dispute, and challenges under the North American Free Trade Agreement and the World Trade Organization. The final section reviews market diversification & advocacy activities in Canada that are being undertaken in response to softwood lumber duties.

Download or read book Softwood Lumber Act of 2008 written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-09 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2006, the United States and Canada signed the Softwood Lumber Agreement. The agreement, among other things, imposed export charges and quotas on Canadian lumber exports to the United States. To assist in monitoring compliance with the agreement, in 2008 Congress passed the Softwood Lumber Act, which imposed several data collection and analysis requirements on the Department of Homeland Security's U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and required two reports from GAO. This report discusses (1) CBP's processes for meeting the act's requirements and (2) how these requirements contribute to U.S. efforts to monitor compliance with the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement. GAO issued a report in June 2009 on U.S. agency efforts to monitor compliance with the 2006 agreement. This report includes an update on these efforts. GAO analyzed information from relevant U.S. agencies, interviewed knowledgeable officials, and discussed these issues with U.S. and Canadian industry representatives.

Download or read book The Canada US Softwood Lumber Argreement of 2006 written by CN Canada - U.S. Trade Relations Forum and published by . This book was released on 2007-05 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Softwood Lumber Imports from Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. lumber producers have long raised concerns about softwood imports from Canada. They argue that Canada subsidizes its lumber producers with low provincial stumpage fees (for the right to harvest trees). In Canada, the provinces own 90% of the timberlands, which contrasts with the United States, where 42% of timberlands are publicly owned and where government timber is often sold competitively; these differences in land tenure make comparisons difficult. U.S. producers also argue that Canadian log export restrictions subsidize producers by preventing others from getting access to Canadian timber; U.S. log exports from federal and state lands are also restricted, but logs are exported from U.S. private lands. Finally, U.S. producers argue that they have been injured by imports of Canadian lumber. They point to the growth in Canadian exports and market share, from less than 3 billion board feet (BBF) and 7% of the U.S. market in 1952 to more than 18 BBF per year and a market share of more than 33% since the late 1990s. Canadians counter these arguments, asserting that their stumpage fees are based on markets, that the WTO prohibits treating export restrictions as subsidies, and that the U.S. industry has been unable to satisfy the growth in U.S. lumber demand for homebuilding and other uses. The United States initiated investigations of Canadian subsidies -- a prerequisite for establishing countervailing duties (CVDs) -- in 1982, 1986, and 1991. Subsidy findings led to a 15% Canadian tax on lumber exports in 1986 and a 6.51% CVD in 1992. Canada challenged the CVD, which was revoked in 1994. A 1996 Softwood Lumber Agreement restricted Canadian exports until March 31, 2001. U.S. producers filed antidumping (AD) and CVD petitions immediately after the 1996 agreement expired. U.S. agencies determined that Canadian lumber was subsidized and was being dumped and that the imports threatened to injure U.S. industry. Final AD and CV duties of 27% were imposed in May 2002, although lumber duties were later lowered as a result of annual Commerce Department reviews. Canada filed NAFTA and WTO cases and, with Canadian producers, suits in U.S. federal court challenging U.S. agency actions in the AD and CVD investigations. Canadian companies also filed claims against the United States under the NAFTA investment chapter. On July 1, 2006, the United States and Canada signed a Softwood Lumber Agreement (2006 SLA) to end the dispute. A finalized version was signed September 12, 2006, and, with subsequent amendments, entered into force October 12, 2006. Among other things, the seven-year agreement provides for the settlement of pending litigation and establishes Canadian export charges, varying by weighted average lumber prices and lower if the Canadian exporting region also accepts volume restraints. The United States has revoked the AD and CVD orders, with at least 80% of the duty deposits being returned to the importers of record. The remaining 20% is being used to fund lumber-related entities and initiatives provided for in the agreement.