Download or read book The 1992 Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by American Bar Association. Section of Antitrust Law and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 1992 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The 1992 Horizontal Merger Guidelines Commentary and Text written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Trade Commission and United States Department of Justice Commentary on the Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commentary on the Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by United States. Department of Justice and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Merger Guidelines Commentary written by Darren S. Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission have provided only limited details of their merger enforcement policies. More recently, the agencies have made a noticeable effort to improve transparency in merger enforcement, including releasing a Commentary on the 1992 Horizonal Merger Guidelines. The Commentary, which was released in March 2006, provides substantial insight into the application of the theoretical framework of the Guidelines. In this article, we identify and discuss key lessons from the Commentary and highlight those areas where the Commentary appears to be inconsistent with current agency practice or the case law. We conclude by identifying a few missed opportunities.
Download or read book Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by United States. Department of Justice and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economic Assessment of Mergers Under European Competition Law written by Daniel Gore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a clear, concise and practical overview of the key economic techniques and evidence employed in European merger control.
Download or read book Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by Peter Carstensen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission have commenced a process of reviewing the Merger Guidelines that were last subject of a comprehensive revision in 1993. The agencies are holding a series of workshops and have solicited comments on a number of questions that they have formulated. The questions and the workshops, however, fail to take account of a major development in the assessment of mergers: their impact on the buying side of the market. Empirical data show that buying side effects can be quite substantial; yet the Guidelines devote only two sentences to discussing the analysis of this topic. These comments present a review of the central issues that ought to be included in comprehensive merger guidelines concerning buyer power: appropriate definition of the buying side product and geographic dimensions of the relevant markets, the likely competitive effects including the potential for such effects in various levels of market concentration, and the resulting thresholds above which more serious evaluation of mergers creating increased buyer power ought to be investigated. The basic point of these comments is that the revised Merger Guidelines should directly and clearly address the issue of buyer power resulting from mergers and provide appropriate standards for the evaluation of such effects.
Download or read book 1993 Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by National Association of Attorneys General and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by U. S. Department U.S. Department of Justice and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These Guidelines outline the principal analytical techniques, practices, and the enforcement policy of the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission (the "Agencies") with respect to mergers and acquisitions involving actual or potential competitors ("horizontal mergers") under the federal antitrust laws. The relevant statutory provisions include Section 7 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 18, Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1, 2, and Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45. Most particularly, Section 7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers if "in any line of commerce or in any activity affecting commerce in any section of the country, the effect of such acquisition may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly." The Agencies seek to identify and challenge competitively harmful mergers while avoiding unnecessary interference with mergers that are either competitively beneficial or neutral. Most merger analysis is necessarily predictive, requiring an assessment of what will likely happen if a merger proceeds as compared to what will likely happen if it does not. Given this inherent need for prediction, these Guidelines reflect the congressional intent that merger enforcement should interdict competitive problems in their incipiency and that certainty about anticompetitive effect is seldom possible and not required for a merger to be illegal.
Download or read book Perspectives on the 1992 U S Government Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by Kevin J. Arquit and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comments of J Gregory Sidak and David J Teece Before the Federal Trade Commission U S Department of Justice on the Horizontal Merger Guidelines Review Project written by J. Gregory Sidak and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We submit these comments to the Federal Trade Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice in their review of the Horizontal Merger Guidelines. The Agencies ask, in Question 8: “Should the Guidelines be revised to explain more fully than in the current §1.521 how market shares and market concentration are measured and interpreted in dynamic markets, including markets experiencing significant technological change?” Our answer, which reflects our previous writings, is clearly “yes.” The Merger Guidelines should embody principles that reflect dynamic competition rather than static competition. In Part I of these comments, we discuss the differences between dynamic competition and static competition. Dynamic competition -- fueled by new products, new paradigms, or new sources of supply that provide decisive cost advantages -- is the most compelling form of competition. Merger enforcement should be sensitive to (1) preserving opportunities for such paradigm shifts, and (2) recognizing the potential for these paradigm shifts to render existing market power non-durable. Thus, high market shares of themselves should not be cause for concern in industries in which there has been a history of, or there is likely to be, paradigm-shifting competition. The ability of new firms or smaller incumbents to innovate and rapidly adopt new technologies enables them to disrupt the market and prevent firms with high historic shares from exercising market power. Further, a firm with a high market share in an industry characterized by dynamic competition may have that market share precisely because competition is working. Consequently, possession of that high market share by a merging party should not, without more, cause concern. Product differentiation complicates direct comparisons of products and may lead to incorrectly narrow market definitions and misleadingly high market shares. In Part II, we discuss three versions of economic rent: Ricardian (scarcity) rents, Schumpeterian (entrepreneurial) rents, and monopoly rents. The Merger Guidelines should recognize that some sources of high margins (the difference between price and marginal cost) are competitively benign, or may even suggest that competition is strong. To conclude in these circumstances that high margins (again, without more) are indicative of competitive concerns could discourage innovation and the welfare-enhancing benefits it brings to consumers.
Download or read book U S Department of Justice Merger Guidelines written by United States. Department of Justice. Antitrust Division and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The 1992 Horizontal Merger Guidelines written by Willard Fritz Mueller and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revising the U S DOJ FTC Horizontal Merger Guidelines Accounting for Algorithmic Coordination written by Michal Gal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Comment is written in response to DOJ-FTC Request for Information on Merger Enforcement. We explain that the use of pricing algorithms based on artificial intelligence methodologies (hereinafter: "pricing algorithms"), by one or both parties, should be taken into account in the merger analysis. This is due to the fact that the use of such algorithms might substantially increase the possibility of explicit or tacit collusive behavior. We then suggest several ways in which merger review and the Horizontal Merger Guidelines can incorporate such effects.
Download or read book The Federal Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property written by and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of the Antitrust Section's handbook on the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission's Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property. Like its predecessor, this volume provides a description of the enforcement agencies' antitrust policy with respect to the licensing of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, and know-how. It also is updated to reflect the pertinent developments since the agencies issued their Guidelines seven years ago. Since 1995, the agencies have initiated a wide variety of enforcement actions involving intellectual property and have pursued claims ranging from alleged price fixing among patent holders to allegedly anticompetitive settlements of infringement litigation. This book discusses these enforcement actions and the recent judicial decisions in this area and also provides some historical perspective on the agencies' current policy with respect to the licensing of intellectual property. The book includes the complete text of the 1995 Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property.
