Download or read book Texture Informed Approach for Hurricane Loss Estimation written by Ipek Bensu Manav and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of emergency management is shifting from response and recovery to pre-disaster mitigation. And, a grand challenge in championing for this shift is effectively communicating natural hazard risks and the value of mitigating structures (to reduce those risks). Present tools for loss estimation overlook building-level variations in wind loading induced by the configuration of surrounding buildings, called neighborhood texture. By doing so, such tools under-estimate expected wind-related losses and under-value wind mitigation - significantly in densely built-up areas susceptible to adverse texture effects. In this thesis, those texture effects are incorporated into a widely recognized loss estimation framework. The impacts of local texture are approximated on the recurrence of wind loads on structures. And, in the case study, the benefits of mitigating are re-evaluated for the residential building stock of the hurricane-prone state of Florida - with a focus on five densely populated counties representing a range of exposure to wind-related hazards. Each home is individually assessed with its prevailing local texture evaluated and its occupancy and building characteristics probabilistically assigned. Mitigation measures considered include shutters, straps, and tie downs. For these mitigation measures, the model results yield annualized benefits of $8.1 billion statewide (80% higher than conventional estimates) ranging from $2.0 billion in Miami-Dade County to $56 million in Duval County (respectively, 90% and 100% higher than conventional estimates).
Download or read book Role of City Texture in Identifying Drag Coefficients of Buildings to Prevent Hurricane Damage written by Jacob Roxon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricane damage is one of the costliest and most frequent of natural disasters. In total, the cumulative cost of all 16 hurricanes in the US in 2017 was in excess of $300 billion and by 2075 the average annual damage cost in the US is expected to rise by nearly 40%. In order to mitigate disaster damage, governments mandate minimum standards for construction depending on location and building type--standards known as building codes. Yet most codes remain insufficient as they account only for individual buildings and overlook the influence of city layout on wind speeds and storm damage. To reinvigorate design codes and better predict hurricane damage, we propose a new city texture resilience approach, which accounts for local geometric layouts to predict more accurate building codes. Tested using computational fluid dynamics simulations for different city textures with common geometrical layouts, we found that the city texture model, derived using online GIS data of building footprints, predicts with 67% accuracy damage from 2018 Hurricane Michael in Mexico Beach, FL. Furthermore, we find that ordered "crystal" cites have higher susceptibility to hurricane damage showing higher proportion of buildings with upper range values of drag coefficients. Using this approach, stakeholders can readily identify entire cities (or neighborhoods) with high susceptibility to hurricane damage. Moreover, they can identify buildings with the highest risk of damage, which will offer targeted retrofitting, thereby enabling more resilient developments and urban planning to reduce the risk of hurricane damage and mitigate the kinds of extreme damage experienced by communities with histories of high speed winds, especially as climate change is going to intensify future storms
Download or read book Estimation of Severity Distribution for Hurricane Losses in the United States written by Fan Yang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A typical problem that insurance and financial companies face is obtaining an appropriate probability distribution to model the magnitude (severity) of losses when they deal with forecasting future losses using past or current insurance claims data. Modeling the probability distribution of the magnitude of losses is often beneficial not only because it provides quantitative estimation of the expected loss, but also because it illustrates the risk associated with it, and can be used in making future inferences regarding premium rates, reserves, and expected profits. In the application section of this thesis, previous hurricane loss data set for the years 1900-2005 is used to find the best fitting probability distribution for the magnitude of the losses. The objective of this thesis is to find an appropriate probability distribution for the hurricane damages in the United States between 1900 and 2005, and to examine how well the selected probability distribution fits the hurricane loss data, applying the technique of Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, a non-parametric kernel estimation approach is performed to provide a smoothed fit of the empirical distribution for the hurricane loss data, and then the confidence intervals for the estimated characteristics are constructed, using bootstrap resampling method. To end with, the bootstrap confidence intervals for both the parametric and nonparametric cases are compared to the true values of the main statistical characteristics to access which model approach performs better in terms of the evaluation of the main statistics.
Download or read book Optimizing the Selection of Hazard consistent Probabilistic Scenarios for Long term Regional Hurricane Loss Estimation written by Meredith Robin Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methodology for Hurricane Damage Estimation to Glazing System Towards Probabilistic Loss Assessment written by Yingzhe You and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricanes can cause extensive damage to the building and the envelope systems of commercial buildings as documented over the past several decades in the United States. This study focuses on improving the performance of commercial buildings and minimizes losses caused by hurricane hazards. For this reason, the study intends to develop a better understanding of the performance of glass panels as building envelope that helps in performance design methodology.The objective of this study is to make contributions to the Performance-Based Engineering (PBE) design based on fragility information developed from actual hurricane reports. The fragility curves for the failure of glass panels of building envelope caused by wind-borne debris (WBD) give the loss for the exterior of the building, which leads to immediate damage, while the fragility information of wind-driven rain (WDR) through the broken glass panels provides the loss the interior of the building.The approach that will be followed or developed as appropriate can be used in the more practical application of Performance-Based Hurricane Engineering that can result in mitigating building envelope losses due to hurricane effects.
Download or read book Storm Damage Assessment written by Rocco Calaci and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-05 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Don Lamont, CEO of DA Lamont Public Adjusters, LLC is your guide through the complicated practice of Storm Damage Assessment. Don and his firm have successfully worked on $100,000,000's of Storm Damage Claims and Don is one of the Premier Adjusters in the United States today frequently helping on commercial and industrial property owners, municipal government agencies and homeowners with their insurance claims.In Storm Damage Assessment, you'll learn real world secrets to the process of professionally assessing storm damage. Storm Damage Assessment in a complete work covering the subject from A - Z. This book covers the assessment of storm damage resulting from hurricanes, hailstorms and tornadoes. Don and contributing authors Meterologist Rocco Calaci and Attorney Javier Delgado cover the subject from Storms to Expert Testimony. Make the practical strategies shared in Storm Damage Assessment part of your protocol for Storm Damage Assessment and watch the accuracy of your business increase.Don Lamont has worked 100's of damage claims from the numerous tornadoes and hailstorms common in the Midwest to tropical Hurricane damage along the US Gulf and Atlantic coast lines and Caribbean. Sharing his knowledge and experience in Assessing Storm Damage, Don helps roofing companies, contractors, insurance companies and attorneys more accurately assess storm damage.
Download or read book Mitigation Assessment Team Report Hurricane Charley in Florida Observations Recommendations and Technical Guidance FEMA 488 written by U. s. Department of Homeland Security and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricane Charley made landfall on Friday, August 13, 2004, at Mangrove Point, just southwest of Punta Gorda, Florida. On August 19, 2004, the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) Mitigation Division deployed a Mitigation Assessment Team (MAT) to Florida to assess damages caused by Hurricane Charley. This report presents the MAT's observations, conclusions, and recommendations in response to those field investigations. Several maps included in our first chapter illustrate the path of the storm, the wind field estimates, the impact on people and infrastructure, and the depth of storm surge along the path. The width of the high-wind field was very narrow even though hurricane force winds affected some portion of the Florida peninsula from Punta Gorda to Daytona Beach. There was little storm surge or coastal flooding because of the narrow size of the storm and the translational speed with which it came ashore and crossed the state. The hurricane is believed to have been a design wind event (the wind speeds equaled or exceeded those delineated in the current version of the Florida Building Code [FBC]) for a narrow area from the point of landfall on the west coast inland for 120 miles. The design wind speed for Charlotte County (Punta Gorda) per the FBC is 114 to 130 mph (measured as a 3-second peak gust). The actual measured wind speed near Punta Gorda was 112 mph (3-second peak gust) and measured speeds in other parts of the state suggest that Charley was a design wind event. The storm created a very small area affected by storm surge and most damage was not caused by flooding from storm surge, waves, or erosion. Because Hurricane Charley was a design level wind event, the resultant storm damage provides valuable evidence about the effectiveness of building codes and design practices as they ad¬dress design guidelines for high winds. For buildings built prior to the adoption of the current codes, judgments were made about how the observed damage was reflective of the code to which the building was constructed, and the quality of construction or the inspection process that followed construction. Consideration also was given to the type and use of buildings. Many buildings that were expected to function for critical/essential services were severely damaged by the hurricane and lost function for significant periods of time after the event. The recommendations in this report are based solely on the observations and conclusions of the MAT, and are intended to assist the State of Florida, local communities, businesses, and individ¬uals in the reconstruction process and to help reduce damage and impact from future natural events similar to Hurricane Charley. The general recommendations presented in Section 8.1 relate to policies and education/outreach that are needed to ensure that designers, contractors, and building officials understand the requirements for disaster resistance construction in hurricane-prone regions.
Download or read book Engineering Investigations of Hurricane Damage written by David B. Peraza and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Hurricanes on Structures written by Vijay Kumar Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude of damage caused to the United States (US) coast due to hurricanes has increased significantly in the last decade. During the period 2004-2005, the US experienced seven of the costliest hurricanes in the country's history (NWS TPC-5, 2007) leading to an estimated loss of ~ $158 billion. The present method for predicting hurricane losses, HAZUS (HAZard US), is solely based on hurricane hazard and damage caused to building envelopes only and not to structural systems (Vickery et al., 2006). This method does not take into account an intermediate step that allows for better damage estimates, which is structural response to the hazards that in turn can be mapped to the damage. The focus of this study was to quantify the uncertainty in response of structures to the hurricane hazards associated with hurricanes from performance based engineering perspective. The study enumerates hazards associated with hurricanes events. The hazards considered can be quantified using a variety of measures, such as wind speed intensities, wave and surge heights. These hazards are quantified in terms of structural loads and are then applied to a structural system. Following that, structural analysis was performed to estimate the response from the structural system for given loads. All the possible responses are measured and they are fitted with suitable probability distribution to estimate the probability of a response. The response measured then can be used to understand the performance of a given structure under the various hurricane loads. Dynamic vs. static analysis was performed and results were compared. This will answer a few questions like, if there is any need to do both static and dynamic analysis and how hurricane loads affect the structural material models. This being an exploratory study, available resources, research, and models were used. For generation of annual or extreme values of hazard, various available wind speed, storm surge, and wave height models were studied and evaluated. The wind field model by Batts et al. (1980) was selected for generation of annual wind speed data. For calculation of maximum storm surge height, the Sea, Lake Overland Surges from Hurricane (SLOSH, Jelesnianski et al., 1992) program was used. Wave data was acquired from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) database. The (extreme or annual) wind speed, surge height, and wave height generated were then fitted by suitable probability distributions to find the realizations of hazards and their probabilities. The distribution properties were calculated, correlations between the data were established, and a joint probability distribution function (PDF) of the parameters (wind speed, wave height, and storm surge) was generated. Once the joint distribution of extreme loads was established, the next step was to measure the dynamic response of the structural system to these hazards. To measure the structural response, a finite element model of three-story concrete frame were constructed. Time histories of wind load were generated from wind net pressure coefficients recorded in a wind tunnel test (Main and Fritz, 2006). Wave load time histories were generated using laboratory basin test (Hawke's et al., 1993) wave height time history data and were converted into wave loads using Bernoulli's equation. Surge height was treated as a hydrostatic load in this analysis. These load time histories were then applied to the finite element model and response was measured. Response of the structural system was measured in terms of the mean and maximum displacements recorded at specific nodes of model. Response was calculated for loads having constant mean wind speed and surge/wave and different time histories. The dominant frequency in the wind load time histories was closer to the natural frequency of the structural model used than the dominant frequency in the wave height time histories. Trends in the response for various combinations of mean wind speed, wave height, and surge heights were analyzed. It was observed that responses are amplified with increase in the mean wind speed. Less response was measured for change in mean surge/wave height as the tributary area for wave forces was less compared to wind force. No increase in dynamic amplification factor was observed for increase in force time histories case.
Download or read book A Safer Future written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial priorities for U.S. participation in the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, declared by the United Nations, are contained in this volume. It focuses on seven issues: hazard and risk assessment; awareness and education; mitigation; preparedness for emergency response; recovery and reconstruction; prediction and warning; learning from disasters; and U.S. participation internationally. The committee presents its philosophy of calls for broad public and private participation to reduce the toll of disasters.
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Cardiothoracic Imaging written by Carlo N. De Cecco and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-22 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of current and potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) for cardiothoracic imaging. Most AI systems used in medical imaging are data-driven and based on supervised machine learning. Clinicians and AI specialists can contribute to the development of an AI system in different ways, focusing on their respective strengths. Unfortunately, communication between these two sides is far from fluent and, from time to time, they speak completely different languages. Mutual understanding and collaboration are imperative because the medical system is based on physicians’ ability to take well-informed decisions and convey their reasoning to colleagues and patients. This book offers unique insights and informative chapters on the use of AI for cardiothoracic imaging from both the technical and clinical perspective. It is also a single comprehensive source that provides a complete overview of the entire process of the development and use of AI in clinical practice for cardiothoracic imaging. The book contains chapters focused on cardiac and thoracic applications as well more general topics on the potentials and pitfalls of AI in medical imaging. Separate chapters will discuss the valorization, regulations surrounding AI, cost-effectiveness, and future perspective for different countries and continents. This book is an ideal guide for clinicians (radiologists, cardiologists etc.) interested in working with AI, whether in a research setting developing new AI applications or in a clinical setting using AI algorithms in clinical practice. The book also provides clinical insights and overviews for AI specialists who want to develop clinically relevant AI applications.
Download or read book Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling written by Russell S. Harmon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscapes are characterized by a wide variation, both spatially and temporally, of tolerance and response to natural processes and anthropogenic stress. These tolerances and responses can be analyzed through individual landscape parameters, such as soils, vegetation, water, etc., or holistically through ecosystem or watershed studies. However, such approaches are both time consuming and costly. Soil erosion and landscape evolution modeling provide a simulation environment in which both the short- and long-term consequences of land-use activities and alternative land use strategies can be compared and evaluated. Such models provide the foundation for the development of land management decision support systems. Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling is a state-of-the-art, interdisciplinary volume addressing the broad theme of soil erosion and landscape evolution modeling from different philosophical and technical approaches, ranging from those developed from considerations of first-principle soil/water physics and mechanics to those developed empirically according to sets of behavioral or empirical rules deriving from field observations and measurements. The validation and calibration of models through field studies is also included. This volume will be essential reading for researchers in earth, environmental and ecosystem sciences, hydrology, civil engineering, forestry, soil science, agriculture and climate change studies. In addition, it will have direct relevance to the public and private land management communities.
Download or read book Backpacker written by and published by . This book was released on 2001-03 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Backpacker brings the outdoors straight to the reader's doorstep, inspiring and enabling them to go more places and enjoy nature more often. The authority on active adventure, Backpacker is the world's first GPS-enabled magazine, and the only magazine whose editors personally test the hiking trails, camping gear, and survival tips they publish. Backpacker's Editors' Choice Awards, an industry honor recognizing design, feature and product innovation, has become the gold standard against which all other outdoor-industry awards are measured.
Download or read book Time Sensitive Remote Sensing written by Christopher D. Lippitt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the state of the art in the use of remote sensing to address time-sensitive information requirements. Specifically, it brings together a group of authors who are both researchers and practitioners, who work toward or are currently using remote sensing to address time-sensitive information requirements with the goal of advancing the effective use of remote sensing to supply time-sensitive information. The book addresses the theoretical implications of time-sensitivity on the remote sensing process, assessments or descriptions of methods for expediting the delivery and improving the quality of information derived from remote sensing, and describes and analyzes time-sensitive remote sensing applications, with an emphasis on lessons learned. This book is intended for remote sensing scientists, practitioners (e.g., emergency responders or administrators of emergency response agencies), and students, but will also be of use to those seeking to understand the potential of remote sensing to address a range of pressing issues, particularly natural and anthropogenic hazard response.
Download or read book Basics of Foundation Design written by Bengt Fellenius and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017-03-17 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "Red Book" presents a background to conventional foundation analysis and design. The text is not intended to replace the much more comprehensive 'standard' textbooks, but rather to support and augment these in a few important areas, supplying methods applicable to practical cases handled daily by practising engineers and providing the basic soil mechanics background to those methods. It concentrates on the static design for stationary foundation conditions. Although the topic is far from exhaustively treated, it does intend to present most of the basic material needed for a practising engineer involved in routine geotechnical design, as well as provide the tools for an engineering student to approach and solve common geotechnical design problems.
Download or read book The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake Revisited written by Luiz Mendes-Victor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-14 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1755 earthquake and tsunami were influential not only in Portugal but in all European and North African countries where the devastating effects were felt. The entire world was deeply impressed and the discussion of its causes generated a large amount of scientific and metaphysical speculation. It inspired philosophers, poets and writers. The socio-economic consequences of the event were great and affected the future organization and development of Portugal. The possibility of a similar occurence urges society and the scientific community to reflect on its lessons. Audience This work is of interest to experts in seismology, earthquake engineering, civil protection, urban planning and it is a reference book for doctoral students.
Download or read book Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-28 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. This Special Report explores the social as well as physical dimensions of weather- and climate-related disasters, considering opportunities for managing risks at local to international scales. SREX was approved and accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 18 November 2011 in Kampala, Uganda.
